Although tetanus and diphtheria have become rare in developed countries, pertussis is still endemic in some developed countries. These are vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination for adults is important to prevent the outbreak of disease. Strategies for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines vary from country to country. Each country needs to monitor consistently epidemiology of the diseases and changes vaccination policies accordingly. Recent studies showed that tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine for adults is effective and safe to prevent pertussis disease in infants. However, vaccine coverage still remains low than expected and seroprevalence of protective antibodies levels for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis decline with aging. The importance of tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine administration should be emphasized for the protection of young adult and elderly people also, not limited to children.
Adult* ; Aged ; Aging ; Antibodies ; Child ; Developed Countries ; Diphtheria ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Pertussis Vaccine ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Tetanus ; Vaccination* ; Vaccines ; Whooping Cough* ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the dropout of adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) routine immunization in China in 2019. Methods: DTaP vaccination data in all counties in China were collected through National Immunization Program Information Management System in 2019. Cumulative dropout rate and vaccination rate of DTaP in different provinces were calculated. According to the P₂₅, P₅₀ and P₇₅ values of DTaP dropout rate for all counties by province, counties in each province were divided into four groups (Q₁-Q₄). The DTaP average dropout rate of four groups and absolute difference (difference in DTaP average dropout rate between Q₄ and Q₁) were calculated. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between absolute difference and provincial DTaP dropout rate, DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Results: DTaP₁ vaccination rate ranged from 92.98% to 99.94% by province, with a median of 99.55%. Provincial DTaP dropout rate ranged from 0.36% to 28.66%, with a median of 3.54%. The provincial DTaP dropout rate was more than 10% in Gansu and Guizhou, about 28.66% and 17.19%. Absolute difference ranged from 4.02% to 39.22%, with a median of 10.16%. Provinces with the largest absolute difference were Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning and Guizhou, about 39.22%, 34.48%, 23.31% and 21.33%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the absolute difference was positively correlated with provincial DTaP dropout rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.492 (P=0.004). It was negatively correlated with DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Correlation coefficients were -0.542 (P=0.001) and -0.562 (P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: There are significant county-level differences in DTap dropout rate in most provinces, with relatively high difference in western provinces.
Humans ; Infant ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Vaccination ; China ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunization Schedule ; Antibodies, Bacterial

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Td booster immunization in early preadolescents of Korea. METHODS: Healthy preadolescents, who had been vaccinated with 4 or 5 doses of DTaP vaccines until 6 years old age, were enrolled in this study from August 2006 to April 2007 . Diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies in sera were measured by ELISA just before vaccination and 4 weeks after vaccination to evaluate immunogenicity. Local and systemic adverse reactions observed for 4 weeks after vaccination to access reactogenicity. RESULTS: 183 preadolescents were enrolled and mean age was 11.40+/-0.51 years old. All subjects achieved seroprotective diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies (titers > or =0.1 IU/mL) after Td booster vaccination. Among 183 vaccinees, 73.8% showed local adverse reactions and 37.2% systemic adverse reactions. Pain at injection site (66.1%) was the most common local reaction, and the most commonly shown systemic reaction was myalgia (17.5%). The adverse reactions were spontaneously relieved within three days after vaccination. CONCLUSION: Td vaccine in this study was high immunogenic and showed an acceptable tolerance in Korean preadolescents. Td booster vaccination at 11 -12 years old is the most effective method to increase compliance of the vaccination and to decrease the incidence of diphtheria and tetanus.
Aged ; Antibodies ; Compliance ; Diphtheria ; Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization, Secondary ; Incidence ; Korea ; Tetanus ; Vaccination

Absorbed DTP vaccines in the same Lot (produced by IVAC, Nha Trang) were kept at 4°C, -5 +/-10oC, -20°C on 2, 3 and 6 hours. After being thawed completely, the vaccine containers were vigorously shaken and the contents were examined for physical changes. The results showed that the containers kept at 4oC had no physical changes; the containers kept at -5 +/-10oC, 20°C for 6 hours had significant changes such as agglomeration, floccules or granular matter, and sedimented rapidly. It is suggested that structure of aluminum adjuvant in DTP vaccine is changed. The containers kept at -5 +/-10oC, -20°C for 6 hours can be considered as the positive control and the shaking test can be used to determine the previous freezing of adsorbed DTP vaccines.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Freezing

OBJECTIVEIn order to search the preparation process and optimazing dosage ratio of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and sabin inactivated poliovirus combined vaccine (DTaP-sIPV), the neutralizing antibody titers of IPV induced by different concentration of DTaP-sIPV were investigated on rats.

METHODSTwo batches of DTaP-sLPV were produced using different concentration of sIPV and the quality control was carried. Together with sabin-IPV and DTaP-wIPV ( boostrix-polio, GSK, Belgium) as control group, the DTaP-sIPV were administrated on three-dose schedule at 0, 1, 2 month on rats. Serum sample were collected 30 days after each dose and neutralizing antibody titers against three types poliovirus were determined using micro-neutralization test.

RESULTSTwo batches of prepared DTaP-sIPV and control sLPV were according to the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Volume III, 2005 edition) and showed good stability. The seropositivity rates were 100% for sabin inactivated poliovirus antigen in all groups. The GMTs (Geometric mean titers) of neutralizing antibodies against three types poliovirus increased.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared DTaP-sIPV was safe, stable and effective and could induced high level neutralizing antibody against poliovirus on rats.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; immunology ; Female ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vaccines, Combined ; immunology

No abstract available.
Child* ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine* ; Humans ; Infant*

17 final bulks of pertussis suspension, combined with AlPO4 were evaluated for specific toxicity by MWG test, LPF test and MICRO LAL test. Results showed that: there was relationship between potency and specific toxicity of the vaccine. LPF test was found more reliable than MICRO LAL test when compared to MWG test.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Whooping Cough ; toxicity

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and risk factors of pertussis in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and laboratory markers for immune function of 253 hospitalized children with pertussis. A total of 314 hospitalized children with cough were used as the control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect Bordetella pertussis DNA. The clinical data of both groups were collected to analyze the risk factors for pertussis. RESULTS: A total of 23 typical clinical parameters were compared between the pertussis and control groups, and there were significant differences in only 10 clinical parameters between the two groups (P<0.01). As for the complications observed in the two groups, the pertussis group had a significantly lower incidence rate of myocarditis than the control group (P<0.05). The pertussis group had significantly lower levels of serum globulin and IgM than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the pertussis group had a significantly higher proportion of children with a lack of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus immunization or timely immunization and a contact history of suspected pertussis patients (P<0.05). A lack of vaccine immunization or timely immunization and a contact history of suspected pertussis patients were risk factors for pertussis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical features are not typical in children with pertussis. Quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Bordetella pertussis DNA helps with the early diagnosis of atypical pertussis. Infants/toddlers should be immunized in time and be isolated from suspected pertussis patients to reduce the incidence of pertussis.
Bordetella pertussis ; Child ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Whooping Cough

Quality of RP5 pertussis vaccines for National Reference was tested and its potency was also calibrated in comparison with the International Standard of Pertussis Vaccine. The results showed that the candidate for National reference RP5 pertussis vaccine lot was met to the quality requirements after being freeze dried. The homogenicity in dry weight, residual moisture, potency and stability of its potency make it became as the first National Reference standard pertussis.
Pertussis Vaccine ; Vaccines

4 lots of DPT mixte vaccine were produced with whooping-cough vaccine concentrated fluid by fermentor D300. The product was reached WHO and Hanoi National Controlled Centre criterion of safety and efficacy
Antigens, Bacterial ; Pertussis Vaccine