Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a peripheral neuropathy, primarily involving the brachial plexus. There is a relation between antecedent infection and NA. A few cases of NA after infections such as Epstein-Barr virus, herpes zoster virus, parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, Borrelia, and other infections have been reported. This case report describes a 26-year-old man with motor impairment after neuropathic pain with preceding mild flu-like symptoms whose laboratory studies revealed evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. He was diagnosed with NA associated with CMV infection. In conclusion, CMV is a rare but possible pathogen of NA.
Adult ; Borrelia ; Brachial Plexus ; Brachial Plexus Neuritis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Cytomegalovirus ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; HIV ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Neuralgia ; Parvovirus ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) according to the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy. METHOD: Electrophysiologic study was performed in 456 patients (male 222, female 233, average age 58) with diabetes mellitus. Electrophysiologically diagnosed diabetic neuropathy was classified as suspected, probable or definite. CTS was also diagnosed both in cases with and without underlying diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of 456 diabetic patients, 228 patients were diagnosed as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The patients with diabetic neuropathy consisted of 107 cases (23.5%) of sus pected group, 95 cases (20.8%) of probable group and 26 cases (5.7%) of definite group. The frequencies of concomitant CTS were 49 cases (21.5%) in 228 diabetic patients without diabetic polyneuropathy, 31 cases (29%) in suspected group and 30 cases (31.6%) in probable group. These were statistically significant. However, only one case showed concomitant CTS in 26 cases of definite group. CONCLUSION: The frequency of CTS was higher in probable group compared to suspected group. However the frequency decreased in definite group because there is a difficulty in the differential diagnosis of two disease in the cases of advanced peripheral neuropathy.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Hereditary peripheral neuropathies can be categorized as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN), and hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN). HMSN, HMN, and HSN are further subdivided into several subtypes. Here, we review the most recent findings in the molecular diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for hereditary peripheral neuropathies. The products of genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathy phenotypes are important for neuronal structure maintenance, axonal transport, nerve signal transduction, and functions related to the cellular integrity. Identifying the molecular basis of hereditary peripheral neuropathy and studying the relevant genes and their functions is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the processes involved in the normal development and function of the peripheral nervous system. These advances and the better understanding of the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies represent a challenge for the diagnoses and managements of hereditary peripheral neuropathy patients in developing future supportive and curative therapies.
Axonal Transport ; Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies ; Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Phenotype ; Signal Transduction ; Wills

Various neurological complications occur in association with human immunodifiency virus (HIV) infection. These complications occur at all stages of infection and any level of central and peripheral nervous system. Neurological complications, such as aseptic meningitis, encephalopathy, neuropathy, myelopathy, and brachial neuritis, develop in association with primary HIV infection. We here in report a case of peripheral facial palsy with suspicious peripheral vertigo manifested as initial symptoms of primary HIV infection.
Brachial Plexus Neuritis ; Dizziness ; Facial Paralysis ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Vertigo ; Viruses

Profound weight loss with painful symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients was first described as diabetic neuropathic cachexia more than 4 decades ago. It is a distinct type of diabetic peripheral neuropathy that occurs in the absence of other microvascular and autonomic complications of diabetes. The mechanism and precipitating cause are unknown. It was reported to have good prognosis with spontaneous recovery within months to 2 years. However, it was frequently missed by clinicians because the profound weight loss is the most outstanding complaint, rather than the pain, numbness, or weakness. This often leads to extensive investigation to exclude more sinister causes of weight loss, particularly malignancy. We report a case of a young woman with well-controlled diabetes who presented with profound unintentional weight loss (26 kg), symmetrical debilitating thigh pain, and clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy. As the disease entity may mimic an inflammatory demyelinating cause of neuropathy, she was treated with a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin, which failed to give any significant benefit. However, she recovered after 6 months without any specific treatment, other than an antidepressant for the neuropathic pain and ongoing rehabilitation.
Cachexia ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Immunoglobulins ; Neuralgia ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation ; Thigh ; Weight Loss

Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive peripheral neuropathy. Recently, the radiologic, histologic, biomechanical studies for idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome have been performed in view point of its pathophysiology. Through this paper, Authors have reviewed the recent reported studies for the pathophysiology of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome and tried to suggest direction in future study.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) published the 3rd edition of the diabetic neuropathy management guidebook in 2010. This publication has been recognized as the definitive guide for the clinical management of diabetic neuropathy in the Korean medical system. In this report, we provide a modified summary of the 3rd edition of the diabetic neuropathy management guidebook. We hope this summary will serve as a helpful reference in the daily clinical practice of diabetes care.
Diabetic Neuropathies ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Publications

Hereditary sensory motor neuropathy type V (HAMN V) is very rare disease entity. The authors experienced a patient who had the findings of peroneal muscular atrophy and pyramidal tract feature. A 20 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to gait disturbance. Scissoring gait and peroneal muscular atrophy were observed. The findings of electrophysiologic studies were compatible with axonal type peripheral neuropathy. The results of other evaluations were compatible with HAMN V. To our knowledge, it is the first report in Korea.
Axons ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; Gait ; Humans ; Korea ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Rare Diseases

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common form of inherited motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of the peripheral nervous system; thus, many genes have been identified as CMTcausative genes. Traditionally, subclassification of CMT has been divided into autosomal dominant inherited demyelinating (CMT1) and axonal (CMT2) neuropathies, X-linked neuropathy (CMTX), and autosomal recessive inherited neuropathy (CMT4). Recently, intermediate type (CMT-Int) with NCVs between CMT1 and CMT2 is considered as a CMT type. There are several related peripheral neuropathies, such as Dejerine- Sottas neuropathy (DSN), congenital hypomyelination (CH), hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies (HNPP), and giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). Great advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of CMT, and 17 distinct genetic causes of CMT have been identified. The number of newly discovered mutations and identified genetic loci is rapidly increasing, and this expanding list has proved challenging for physicians trying to keep up with the field. In addition, the encouraging studies have been published on rational potential therapies for the CMT1A.
Axons ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease* ; Genetic Loci ; Giant Axonal Neuropathy ; Paralysis ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

We report a case of acute, painful polyneuropathy in a woman with newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus associated with a precipitous drop in hemoglobin A1c . She has had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type I for 5 years despite diet, execise, oral therapy because she has been diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus 5 years before. She experienced diabetes ketoacidosis, and she presented with a hemoglobin A1c of 17.8% and was hospitalized for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Following the initiation of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, the patient's hemoglobin A1c fell to 6.1% within 2 months. During this 2-month period, she developed severe burning in her hand, feet and trunk, accompanied by tingling paresthesia and dysesthesia. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with mild sensorymotor peripheral neuropathy. Initially, she required opiate analgesics for pain control because gabapetin or tramadol/acetminophen did not help. Three months after presentation, the patient showed dramatic improvement and her pain resolved. Although not well described in the neurologic literature, this case represents insulin neuritis, one of the few diabetic neuropathies that has a favorable outcome.
Acute Pain ; Analgesics ; Burns ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Diet ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Insulin ; Ketosis ; Neural Conduction ; Neuritis ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Polyneuropathies