Apoptosis ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; pathology

Chronic Periodontitis ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; pathology ; Humans

Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly of the teeth that is caused by the infolding of enamel organs or the penetration of their proliferations into dental papillae before calcification has occurred. The presence of double dens invaginatus is extremely rare. This paper describes the use of cone beam computed tomography in the evaluation of a maxillary lateral incisor with double dens invaginatus and periapical periodontitis. The tooth was treated through microscopic root canal therapy. The tooth was free of clinical symptoms, and the periradicular lesion narrowed during the follow-up period of 1 year.
Humans ; Dental Pulp Cavity/abnormalities* ; Dens in Dente/pathology* ; Incisor/pathology* ; Root Canal Therapy ; Periapical Periodontitis/pathology*

Substantial evidence supports the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer development. Numerous studies suggest that chronic inflammatory disease, such as periodontitis, contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the most important pathogens in association with periodontal disease, might have a potential correlation with OSCC. Along with the development of molecular biological techniques, the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and OSCC has been greatly emphasized in recent years. This review summarizes the association between these variables and the potential mechanisms involved in such relationship.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Research

OBJECTIVETo explore a method for classifying root abnormality and to investigate the status of root abnormality in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP).

METHODSA total of 108 patients (2841 teeth) with AgP, 41 patients (1135 teeth) with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 30 periodontal healthy subjects (840 teeth) were included in the study. The abnormality of roots was evaluated on a full set of periapical radiographs. A reference parameter of "root width" in the middle of root was introduced in this study for classifying various types of root abnormality. The root abnormality was categorized into five types: cone-root (incisor, premolar), slender-root, curved-root, maladjusted proportion of crown and root, and synergetic root.

RESULTSTo compare with normal incisor root, the parameter of root width in cone-root incisor is much lower [up incisor: (0.04 +/- 0.01) and (0.10 +/- 0.03) cm; low incisor: (0.02 +/- 0.02) and (0.07 +/- 0.02) cm, P < 0.001], and root is shorter with maladjusted proportion of crown. To compare with normal root, the slender-root in low incisor and premolar cone-root, the parameters of root width are also lower [low incisors: (0.02 +/- 0.02) and (0.07 +/- 0.02) cm; up premolar: (0.03 +/- 0.03) and (0.07 +/- 0.01); low premolar: (0.02 +/- 0.01) cm and (0.18 +/- 0.26) cm, P < 0.001]. The number (or percentage) of teeth with root abnormality in AgP group, CP group, and control group was 407 (14.3%), 57 (5.0%), and 31 (3.7%), respectively. Significant differences of percentage of teeth with root abnormality were found among the three groups. AgP group had the highest percentages of teeth with root abnormality, while the control group had the lowest percentage.

CONCLUSIONSThe patients with aggressive periodontitis had more teeth with root abnormality than the patients with chronic periodontitis or healthy subjects. The root abnormality could be a local contributing factor for AgP patients.

Adult ; Aggressive Periodontitis ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tooth Root ; pathology

OBJECTIVEThe study is to investigate the microbial composition of interdental and subgingival plaques of periodontitis patients with or without malodor, to explore the relationships between periodontitis and oral malodor.

METHODS20 patients of periodontitis with malodor were chosen from 210 patients of periodontitis, and the clinical parameter of plaque index (PLI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and probing depth (PD) were measured and compared with the control group which had periodontal disease without malodor. During the experiment, the interdental and subgingival microbial samples in both groups were collected and sent to anaerobic culture for 48 hrs, then the total CFU/ml of each sample were counted, and each type of bacteria was separated and identified. All of the data were analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS 10.0.

RESULTS(1) There were no satistical differences on PLI, GBI, PD between experimental group and control group. (2) The percents of leptospira in both interdental and subgingival plaques of test group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). (3) Either the interdental or in subgingival plaques, the count results of CFU/ml were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). (4) The proportions of malodor producing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque, such as P. gingivalis and Veillonelia, were singnificantly different between test group and control group.

CONCLUSIONThe proportions of VSC's producing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque may be play the significant roles in oral malodor. Further studies should be taken to elucidate the relationship between malodor and periodontitis.

Bacteria, Anaerobic ; classification ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; pathology ; Dental Plaque Index ; Gingiva ; microbiology ; pathology ; Halitosis ; microbiology ; Humans ; Odorants ; Periodontitis ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe root surfaces and analyze the mineral contents in cementum of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP).

METHODSTen teeth were selected from RPP patients, adult periodontitis (AP) patients and healthy (H) control subjects respectively, and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (JSM-35C). The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to measure the mineral contents in cementum (Ca, P, Mg).

RESULTSThe root surfaces of RPP teeth were similar to that of AP teeth. Ca: 64.60% +/- 2.29% vs 63.54% +/- 2.97%, P > 0.05; P: 32.54% +/- 1.29% vs 32.97% +/- 2.40%, P > 0.05; Mg: 2.86% +/- 1.29% vs 3.48% +/- 1.02%, P > 0.05; Ca/P: 2.00 +/- 0.17 vs 1.95 +/- 0.25, P > 0.05. There were no differences in Ca, P, Mg contents and Ca/P ratio between RPP teeth and AP teeth.

CONCLUSIONThere may not be cementoplasia in a part of RPP teeth.

Adult ; Dental Cementum ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Periodontitis ; pathology ; Tooth Root ; chemistry ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) on liver injury induced by periodontitis in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and periodontitis group, twelve per group. In periodontitis group, the periodontitis models were established for the maxillary first molars in rats by means of "wire ligation+vaccinationwith RESULTS: The probing depth, tooth mobility and sulcus bleeding index in periodontitis group were significantly higher than that in control group. HE staining showed in periodontitis group, hepatic cords ranged disorderly and there were vacuoles in cells and inflammatory cells infiltrated in liver tissues of rats, and there was no obvious abnormality in control group. The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α may be involved in the process of periodontitis-induced liver injury in rats.
Animals ; Liver/injuries* ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; Periodontitis/pathology* ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The purpose of this study was to observe histopathologically the influence of advanced periodontitis on pulp tissue, and to conclude the correlation between the results with clinical madifestations. The samples were teeth with over 7mm pocket depth and over 50% radiographic bone loss. These were diagnosed to have very poor prognosis and thus planned to be extracted. Those with any of following conditions were excluded from the samples, loss of vitality, periapical pathology, restoration or prosthesis, dental caries, and attrition or abrasion. It was because these conditions could affect pulp without any correlation with periodontal disease. For the experiment, 17 teeth from 11 patients were selected. Average age of patient was 47. Each tooth was examined for following categoris; pocket depth, gingival recession, electric pulp test, mobility, percussion test, sensitivity test. The extracted teeth were fixed buffered neutral formalin solution. It was decalcified using 4% nitric acid. Sliced histological samples observed using light microscope, for pulp status, and severeity of inflammation. 4 samples were excluded due to histologic sample discrepency. Thus 13 samples were subject to observation. 4 showed normal conditions. Focal reversable pulpitis was shown in 5 samples. Chronic pulpitis was observed 1 samples. Pulpal abscess observed in 3 samples.
Abscess ; Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Dental Prosthesis ; Formaldehyde ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nitric Acid ; Pathology ; Percussion ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Prognosis ; Pulpitis ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo investigate the accuracy of probing depth measurements of undergraduate students in department of periodontology and analyze the cause of measurement errors.

METHODSThirty-eight dental students from Peking Universty School and Hospital of Stomatology who began their periodontal clinical practice for the first time were recruited. According to principle of clinical teaching, after the students recorded the probing depth of 1-2 periodontitis patients using Williams periodontol probe, an experienced teacher checked the probing depth. The measurements of interproximal sites of Ramfjord index teeth (6 14 41 6) were used as the data of this study. According to the probing depth discrepancies between teacher and the students, all the probing sites were divided in three levels: absolutely consistent sites (probing depth measured by teacher and by student was completely consistent), almost consistent sites (the depth discrepancy between teacher and student was 1 mm), inconsistent sites (the depth discrepancies between teacher and student ≥ 2 mm).

RESULTSThe accuracy of probing depth measurements of students decreased with the deepening of probing depth, and the accuracy of probing depth measurements in molar teeth was significantly lower than incisor teeth [58.8% (261/444) vs.73.1% (339/464), P < 0.01]. The main factor associated with the accuracy of probing depth measurements in interproximal sites was the probe's inability to get into gingival col, which accounted for 70.7% (87/123) of the total inconsistent sites.

CONCLUSIONSThe correct angle of insertion of the probe in interproximal sites should be reinforced during the course of pre-clinical education of periodontal probing. More attention should be paid to check the probing depth of deep pockets and molar teeth during the clinical practice of undergraduate students.

Bicuspid ; pathology ; Chronic Periodontitis ; pathology ; Clinical Competence ; Dental Instruments ; Humans ; Incisor ; pathology ; Molar ; pathology ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontal Pocket ; pathology ; Students, Dental