Hidroacanthoma simplex (HS) is a rare benign intraepidermal tumor thought to originate from the intraepidermal eccrine duct. Many authors regard it as an intraepidermal form of eccrine poroma but there is still a discussion as to the histogenesis of HS. Clinically, it is more common in older adults and affects both sexes equally. It is found more often on the lower extremities and trunk. The clinical appearance is not characteristic, but the lesions are usually flat or slightly elevated verrucous brown plaques. Histopathologically, the tumor shows characteristic intraepidermal nests and is one of a number of cutaneous lesions showing Borst-Jadasshon phenomenon, that is, tendency to form nests within the epidermis. The tumor cells composing nests show a uniform cuboidal appearance and a round, deeply basophilic nucleus typically. The cytoplasm of tumor cell gives a positive PAS reaction that is diastase-labile. We report herein three cases of HS with the results of immunohistochemical studies.
Adult ; Basophils ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Poroma

OBJECTIVETo compare the performance of a modified PAS staining, traditional PAS staining, Lyon's PAS staining, and Tsunahico Watanabe staining for staining sections of renal biopsy tissue.

METHODSThe sections of the renal biopsy tissue were stained with the 4 methods and their staining performance was compared.

RESULTSThe modified PAS staining method produced a better contrast and a higher resolution and showed a greater stability after repeated use than the other 3 methods for staining the renal tissue sections (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe modified PAS staining method shows a better applicability than the other 3 PAS methods for staining sections of renal biopsy tissue.

Biopsy ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Changes in the thickness and composition of Bruch's membrane with aging have been described by several observers and related to the development of macular with advancing ageby region, comparing the macular area with more peripheral areas. In the younger (less than. 50 years) eyes we studied, the thickness of macular Bruch's membrane was about equal to that of peripheral Bruch's membrane. With aging, however, the thickness of Bruch's membrane was greater in the periphery than the macula. With increasing age, Bruch's membrane increased in basophilic reaction, PAS positivity and the detectable sialomucin fraction. In the macular region, but not in more peripheral regions, there is a preferential thickening of the interchoriocapillaris "teeth" of Bruch's degeneration by some. Using a combination of histochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques, we have examined the state of Bruch's membrane membrane material. By electronmicroscopy, in older eyes, the elastin layer of Bruch's membrane appears fragmented, while, in the periphery, it is continuous and resembles that of younger eyes. In summary, Bruch's membrane exhibits little regional difference in thickness in younger eyes, but the macular region becomes relatively thinner than more peripheral regions in older eyes. With advancing age, the deposition of extracellular matrix materials in appatite and fragmentation of the elastin layer is dramatically more prominent in the macular region than in the periphery. This regional variation may be related, at least in part, to some aspects of macular degeneration.
Aging ; Basophils ; Bruch Membrane* ; Elastin ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans* ; Macular Degeneration ; Membranes ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Sialomucins

To study some informations on the morphogenesis and developmental process of the coronal suture in rats, the author performed daily oral administrations of semethylchlorotetracycline, a kind of tetracycline group, in the amount of 30mg/kg of body weight to the female rats from the 7th day of pregnaney to the time of delivery. Microscopic evaluation was undertaked on the fetal rats in the experimental group. The subject of this experiment were defined to the fetal rats of each group at 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after birth. All these fetal rats were sacrificed and the heads were removed. All the tissue sections were fixed with 10% formalin, Bouin' and Carnoy' solution and then stained by Hematoxylin-Van Gieson stain, or Feulgen and Rossenbeck, Periodic acid Schiff, and prepared for alcian blue reaction. The results were as follows; 1. The directions of osteogenic fibers were arranged irregulary during first 3 days, but after the 7th day they tended to change radial dirdctions like control group. 2. The density of deep stained cells by Feulgen-Rossenbeck rection were shown less in the experimental group than that in the control group in first 3 days, but there was shown no significant difference between both groups after the 7th day. 3. PAS reaction in early stage was generally negative in the experimental group unlike as in the control group, but diffuse reaction was observed in the loose middle zone like as in the control geoup agter 14th day. 4. Alcian blue reaction was negative in cambial zone, and slightly positive in uniting zone compared with control group in early stage. After 14th day, however, there was observed a tendency of moderately positive reaction.
Administration, Oral ; Alcian Blue ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Head ; Humans ; Morphogenesis ; Parturition ; Periodic Acid ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Rats* ; Sutures* ; Tetracycline

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between collgen (Col) IV, VEGF secreted by the tumor cells and vasculogenic mimicry (VM).

METHODS158 bi-phase differential malignant tumor specimens were alloted and made into tissue microarray. These tissue microarray sections were stained with CD31, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Col IV. Subsequently, distributive trait of Col IV and the difference of VEGF expression were analyzed.

RESULTSThe basement membrane of VM was PAS and Col IV positive. The expression of VEGF in bi-phase differential malignant tumor with VM was less than that in those without VM. The difference of VEGF expression in malignant melanoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCollgen IV and periodic acid-Schiff positive material take part in constructing the basement membrane of vasculogenic mimicry. The difference of the VEGF expression proves that vasculogenic mimicry can sustain the tumor blood supply.

Collagen Type IV ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; chemistry ; pathology ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrocortisone in the fusion mech ani in of the secondary palatine shelves in the tat. Pregnant rats were injected with 5.0 mg/100 gm body weight of hydrocortisone for 3 days between the 7th day and the 9th day of pregnancy. Between the 14th day and the 18 day of pregnancy, the fetuses' were removed and decapitated to be immersed in 10% formalin ,and-Carnoy's solution. Preparations were stained with alizarin red S, hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue respectively, and partly were treated for Periodic acid-Schiff reaction. The results were as followings: 1. The incomplete fusion of the palatal epithelium took place though the polarity of epithelial cells. 2. At the edge of shelves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells was observed, but the interpenetration of mesenchyme was not shown. 3. It was considered that the phenomenon of hypocalcification in matrix had relation to the decrease stainability to alizarin red S in shelves. 4. It might be concluded that the connective tissue under epithelium showed the decrease tendency to alcian blue and PAS reaction due to the inhibition of the synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide.
Alcian Blue ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Connective Tissue ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Formaldehyde ; Hydrocortisone* ; Mesoderm ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Rats*

A renal oncocytoma was diagnosed in an 8-year-old female Maltese dog with a history of renal cysts. Tumor cells were not detected until six months after observation of renal cysts. Nephrectomy was performed to treat the neoplasia. Tumor-like masses with numerous nodules were observed in the inner surface of cysts present in the caudal part of the left kidney. Histologically, the tumor consisted of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The diagnosis was based on histological features, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and immunohistochemical cytokeratin staining. Based on a literature review, this is the first canine renal oncocytoma case reported in Korea.
Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Animals ; Child ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Kidney ; Korea ; Nephrectomy ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

We present the case of a 34-year-old man with acute biphenotype leukemia that co-expressed B-lymphoid and myeloid antigen after the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The diagnosis of PAP was established by Periodic Acid-Schiff reaction staining on the Video Associated Thoracoscope guided lung biopsy and biphenotype leukemia was revealed by immunohistochemical stains of the blasts harvested from the bone marrow biopsy. Supposedly, PAP follows a hematologic malignancy, yet this case shows the reverse sequence.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Coloring Agents ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Lung ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; Thoracoscopes

The use of isolated intestinal segments is currently the best method of augmenling bladder capacity. Pedicled segments of ileum and colon used in lower urinary tract reconstruction retain their normal neurovascular input and might be expected to retain their physiological function despite their new anatomical situation. The mucus secreted mostly by goblet cells in the grafted intestinal mucosa elicits various problems in patient management. This study was attempted to evaluate the effect of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue on the mucosal secretion. The animals, weighing 250-320gm, were divided into 2 groups: control group, in which only ileocystoplasty was done, and octreotide injection group after ileocystoplasty. Oclreolide was injected daily S.C. 0.002 micrometer/gm after posloperalive 1 week. Cystectomies were performed at postoperative 1. 2, 3, 4 weeks. Histopathologic examination of the ileocystoplasty specimens was done by light microscopy after PAS reaction. 24-hour urine was collected for each rat weekly and then the amount of lyophilized dry mucus in urine was measured. The number of goblet cells within 10(3) micrometer2 of mucosal epithelium in the grafted ileal segments were evaluated by morphometric analysis using an image analyzer. The results were as follows: 1. Microscopically, transitional epithelium extended well over the intestinal mucosa through the anastomotic site at both 4 weeks groups. 2. The amount of urinary lyophilized dry mucus at control group was increased at postoperative 2. 3 weeks (64.2 mg, 67.7 mg) and decreased at 4 weeks (32.7 mg). After octreotide injection, the amount of lyophilized dry mucus significantly decreased when compared with the control group at 2, 3 weeks (15.2 mg, 18.9 mg, p<0.01) 3. The number of goblet cells within 10(3) micrometer2 of mucosal epithelium in control group was increased at 2. 3 weeks after operation (1.94+/-0.31, 2.19+/-0.36) and decreased at 4 weeks (1.61+/-0.25). After octreotide injection. The number of goblel cells significantly decreased when compared with the control group at 2, 3 weeks (1.28+/-0.36, 1.54+/-0.26, p<0.01). These results suggest that octreotide may be effect on the reduction of mucosal secretion after ileocystoplasty. Further investigation using this method will be needed for clinical application.
Animals ; Colon ; Cystectomy ; Epithelium ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Microscopy ; Mucus ; Octreotide* ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Rats* ; Somatostatin* ; Transplants ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

OBJECTIVETo describe the pathologic features and diagnostic algorithm of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP).

METHODSThirty-nine biopsy and postmortem cases of PAP were studied by light microscopy and histochemical staining using periodic acid-Schiff (with digestion) (PAS-D), mucicarmine (with digestion) (mucicarmine-D) and alcian blue.

RESULTSHistologically, the affected lung tissue displayed the following characteristic features: (1) alveoli and some of the small bronchioles were filled with eosinophilic and fine granular proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts; (2) proteinaceous material was seen admixed with various numbers of degenerated and sometimes exfoliated pneumocytes; (3) pneumocytes were hyperplastic; (4) alveolar capillaries and alveolar septa had become hyperemic, but pulmonary interstitial inflammation was not obvious; (5) no significant inflammation was identified in the bronchial wall; (6) compensating emphysema was noted in the surrounding lung parenchyma. Fragments of eosinophilic, finely granular proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts were also found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid under light microscopy. The proteinaceous material was stained red by PAS-D. The staining for mucicarmine-D was negative, while alcian blue staining was either weakly positive (faint blue staining) or negative. Pathologic examination of lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid thus remaines the gold standard for diagnosis of PAP.

CONCLUSIONSIdentification of homogeneous, eosinophilic, finely granular and PAS-D-positive proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts in alveolar spaces or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is of diagnostic importance in PAP. Bronchoalveolar lavage, being a relatively safe and non-invasive procedure, can be a useful adjunct in arriving at the final conclusion.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology