The liquid substances extracted from medicinal herb at 0.3% concentration cause to stimulate protease activity of pepsin from 11% to 32% in order: frustus evodiarutaecarpa < fructus and sement amoni xanthiodis < rhizoma zingiber officinale < fructus cirtus sp. < radix sausurea galanga < radix coptis sp. < radix. Sausurea lappa or inula helenium. This liquid substances at 0.25% concentration also cause the stimutation of protease activity of pancreatin from 0.6% to 32% in order: Fructus evodia rutaecarpa< rhizoma keampferia galanga < radix comptix sp. < freuctus citrus sp. < rhizoma zingiber officinale < radix sausurea lappa or inula helenium. Only the liquid substances extracted from the Fructus et semen amomi xanthiodis reduce lightly protease activity of pancreatine preparation. The optimal stimulation of the enzyme activity depends on their concentration. The first results may raise a question about the traditional medicine combined with the western medicine in the treatment of digestive diseases.
Plants, Medicinal ; Pepsin A ; Pancreatin

Method of improved pp biuret with high sensitivity and accuracy is frequently used in the biochemical techniques to determine the protein in the preparations. The sensitivity of this method was as same as this of method Anson and error of pp biuret was smaller than this of Anson. The pp biuret has been applied in Vietnam to determine the proteolytic activity of pharmaceutical pepsin.
Biuret Reaction ; Pepsin A

The reasonable pepsin + papain mix was studied. The results showed that the proteolytic activity of the mix at 3 areas pH: 20.5, 41 and 70.5 and temperature 38O2 was compared with either agent alone in the same conditions. These mixes will be improved and applied to the treatment of malnutrition in children
Peptide Hydrolases ; Enzymology ; Pepsin A ; Papain

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the content of pepsin in salivary, and to assess the laryngophargeal lesions based on the reflux founding score (RFS) scale in asymptomatic volunteers, in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. METHODS: A total of 91 asymptomatic subjects were recruited in this study. Participants provided a fasting saliva specimen for pepsin measurement using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, completed the reflux symptom index (RSI) assessment and underwent laryngostroboscopic examination using a rigid endoscope. Their RFS were graded according to the laryngeal findings. RESULTS: The median concentration of pepsin in 91 asymptomatic volunteers was 55.5 μg/L (range 3.53-191.64 μg/L). The mean individuals RSI was 2.24±2.34, and the mean individuals RFS was 5.78±1.74. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that certain concentration of pepsin was detected and showed a higher RFS score in asymptomatic volunteers.
Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; diagnosis ; Laryngoscopy ; Pepsin A ; analysis ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: This research was done to confirm the effect of secretin on pepsin secretion and to study whether or not feeding can depress the secretin-stimulated pepsin secretion (SSPS) with its related factors. METHODS: Heidenhain (HP) and Pavlov pouches (PP) were made in 6 dogs and cannulae were then inserted into the pouches. The fluids were collected through the cannula every 10 minutes for 3 hours in various conditions, including resting, feeding, secretin perfusion, acidification of the stom-ach and, gastric distension. A modified Anson's hemoglobin method was used to check the amount of pepsin. RESULTS: When secretin was perfused in the HP, there was no increase of pepsin secretion at 0.1 and 0.2 CU/kg/hr, but the pepsin secretion increased at 0.4 and 1.0 CU/kg/hr. Compared to the control, ANOVA showed significant differences for secretin 0.4 CU/kg/hr (P<0.01) and for secretin 1.0 CU/kg/hr (P<0.001). When milk was administered through the gastric cannula after secretin stimulation, pepsin production increased in the PP, but pepsin secretion in the HP dropped close to the basal level after administering milk. This depression was not related to acidity of the milk. ANOVA showed significant differences for secretin with milk vs milk alone (P<0.0005) and vs secretin alone (P<0.0025). The inhibition of SSPS was not observed with any gastric distension or acid perfusion. CONCLUSION: In the HP, secretin increased the pepsin secretion and the vagus nerve has an inhibitory effect on pepsin secretion under secretin stimulation. Milk feeding depressed the SSPS, and that depression was not related to pH of the food and gastric distension. Further study is needed in order to clarify the mechanism of depression.
Animals ; Catheters ; Depression ; Dogs ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Milk ; Pepsin A* ; Perfusion ; Secretin* ; Vagus Nerve

BACKGROUND: Several keratolytic agents have been used in many dirmatologic conditions such as callus, keratosis palmaris of plantaris, however the evaluation method of the effects of keratolytiic agents has not been good enough in clinical use. OBJECT: We have conducted an investigation to measure the effect of several keratolytic agents using an in vitro model. METHOD: We measured the fegraded protein of keratin by the bui iet method after adding enzymes such as trypsin, pepsin and papain, and irritants, salicylic acid and sodii m lauryl sulfate to the collected callus. RESULT: The order of the keratolytic effect of the enzymes was trypsir >pepsin>papain. It was difficult to detect the keratolytic effect of salicylic acid becaues of color hiidrance and there was an increasing tendency of keratolyti effect of sodium lauryl sulfate, however it was prominent mainly at a high concentration. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the potency of similar types of keratolytic enzymes such as pepsin, trypsin and papain can be possible. However it was not such a sitable model to check the potency of the keratolytic effect of salicylic acid and the eoncentration tevel may be an important factor for certain kinds of chemicals such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
Bony Callus ; Irritants* ; Keratolytic Agents ; Keratosis ; Papain ; Pepsin A ; Salicylic Acid ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Trypsin

Peptic ulcer can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract that contact with acid and pepsin. But usually peptic ulcer occurs at the stomach and duodenum and the location of peptic ulcer are localized to specific area within the stomach and duodenum. So I think that predilection of peptic ulcer to localized area may have clue for releaving the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. So I studied the location of peptic ulcer for the basic reserch of ulcer pathogenesis by means of dividing stomach into antrum, angle, lower body, middle body, upper body and lesser curvature, anterior wall, greater curvature, posterior wall and duodenum into anterior wall, lesser curvature, posterior wall, and greater curvature. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The chronic gastric ulcer was most common in the angle of lesser curvature (22.9%) and second common in the antrum of lesser curvature (22.3%). 2) The location of chronic and acute gastric ulcer was similar. 3) The proximal migration of ulcer site according to increasing age was not observed. 4) Chronic duodenal ulcer was occurred commonly in the lesser curvature (41.8%) and anterior wall (38.3%). 5) As the age increase, the incidence of chronic duodenal ulcer in the lesser curvature was increased and that of chronic duodemal ulcer in the anterior wall was decreased. 6) Acute ulcer of stomach and duodenum has no predilection site.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Incidence ; Pepsin A ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the most common etiology of which is peptic ulcer disease, remains a persistent challenge despite a reduction in both its incidence and mortality. Both pharmacologic and endoscopic techniques have been developed to achieve hemostasis, with varying degrees of success. Among the pharmacologic therapies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) remains the mainstay of treatment with potent acid suppression. Maintenance of the intragastric pH level above 6 by the administration of PPI prevents hemolysis caused by acid or pepsin and thereby promotes aggregation of platelets. Intragastric acid suppression can be achieved more effectively with continuous intravenous infusion of PPI after intravenous bolus injection. A high dose intravenous PPI is effective in reducing the risk of rebleeding, the need for surgery and repeated endoscopy. However, data regarding non-high dose intravenous PPIs are limited. In the future, novel PPIs and potassium-competitove acid blocker are in the area of interest. Combination therapy with the use of endoscopic hemostatic treatment and intravenous PPI administration is known to result in the best outcome for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Endoscopy ; Hemolysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Mortality ; Pepsin A ; Peptic Ulcer ; Proton Therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the simple spitting method and the Salivette® method of collecting saliva for detecting pepsin in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with LPRD by 24 hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring were enrolled prospectively. The amounts of pepsin in saliva determined by the simple spitting method and the Salivette® method were compared. RESULTS: Simple spitting showed higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. There was no statistically significant difference between the amount of pepsin detected by simple spitting (10.07±11.68 ng/mL) versus that detected using the Salivette® method (7.09±7.27 ng/mL) (p=0.258). CONCLUSIONS: The simple spitting method has higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than the Salivette® method for detecting pepsin in patients with LPRD.
Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux* ; Methods* ; Pepsin A* ; Prospective Studies ; Saliva* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Adenoid hypertrophy is a disease that mostly occurs among children of 3-5 years old. It is caused by repeated inflammation and infection of nasopharynx and its adjoin parts, or the adenoid itself, which will finally leads to pathological hyperplasia of adenoid. With so much information we have acquired about this disease, its specific mechanism remains unknown. In recent years, some researches have indicated that adenoid hypertrophy may have something to do with extra-gastroesophageal reflux, in which pepsin plays a very important role, and pepsin will do a series of pathological damages to the upper airway as it reaches the upper respiratory tract. Based on relative domestic and foreign literature, this paper attempts to make a review about the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and adenoid hypertrophy.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; complications ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; Pepsin A ; metabolism