No abstract available.
Cytokines* ; Neutrophils* ; Pentoxifylline*

No abstract available.
Pentoxifylline ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.
Animals ; Pentoxifylline* ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord*

Livedoid vasculitis is characterized clinically by smooth or depressed ivory-white scars surrounded by hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia with or without preceding purpuric in-filtrated papules and plaques and histologically by intravascular deposition of fibrin. Its pathophysiology is still obscure. Many treatment modalities have been used, but results are not satisfactory. Recently, there have been experiences of successful treatments with danazol, a synthetic androgen. We used danazol in three patients who presented with livedoid vasculitis and were relatively resistant to treatments with aspirin and/or pentoxifylline. After 4 to 8 weeks, there was remarkable clinical improvement in all three patients.
Aspirin ; Cicatrix ; Danazol* ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Pentoxifylline ; Telangiectasis ; Vasculitis*

Pentoxifylline (PENTO) has been known to improve RBC fluidity, and thus improve the flux of RBC through narrow capillaries. Additionally, PENTO also decreases the O2 release from RBC. Nicotinamide (N4) has been reported to decrease the number of acutely hypoxic cells in tumors by temporarily increasing tumor blood flow. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether the combination of PENTO and NA (PENTO+NA) would reduce the radioresistance of the the FSaII murine fibrosarcoma by oxygenation the hypoxic cells. We observed a significantly enhanced radiation-induced growth delay of the FSaII tumors by PENTO-NA. Thus the enhancement ration was between 2.5 and 2.8 in growth delay assay. The TCD50 of control tumors was about 57 Gy, but that of PENTO-NA treated tumors was about 32 Gy. The TCD50 was modified by a factor of 1.8. We also observed that PENTO+NA, changes in tumor blood flow and intratumor pO2 were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry and O2 microelectrode methods. The tumor blood flow significantly increased at 10 min. after injection of PENTO+NA. Furthermore, we also found that PENTO+NA significantly increased intratumor pO2 from 8 to 19 mmHg. We concluded that PENTO+NA was far more effective than NA alone or PENTO alone. The increase in the response of tumor in vivo to X-irradiation appeared to be due mainly to an increase in the tumor oxygenation. Further studies using various concentrations of PENTO alone and in combination with NA to obtain better sequencing and maximal radiosensitization are warranted.
Capillaries ; Fibrosarcoma ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Microelectrodes ; Niacinamide* ; Oxygen ; Pentoxifylline*

Kaposi sarcoma is a lympho-angioproliferative disease of the skin and viscera. Because the natural history of Kaposi sarcoma is variable, the assessment of therapy may be difficult and optimal therapy has yet to be determined. Pentoxifylline has been used to treat various dermatologic diseases, but its effectiveness in Kaposi sarcoma has not been reported. We now report a case of Kaposi sarcoma in a 76-year-old man who improved after treatment with oral pentoxifylline.
Aged ; Humans ; Natural History ; Pentoxifylline ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Skin ; Viscera

Kaposi sarcoma is a lympho-angioproliferative disease of the skin and viscera. Because the natural history of Kaposi sarcoma is variable, the assessment of therapy may be difficult and optimal therapy has yet to be determined. Pentoxifylline has been used to treat various dermatologic diseases, but its effectiveness in Kaposi sarcoma has not been reported. We now report a case of Kaposi sarcoma in a 76-year-old man who improved after treatment with oral pentoxifylline.
Aged ; Humans ; Natural History ; Pentoxifylline ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Skin ; Viscera

The pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis of Gougerot-Blum is a subtype of the pigmented purpuric dermatoses characterized by small red-brown lichenoid papules that coalesce to form plaque lesions. This disorder usually persists for months to years and is resistant to conventional therapy. Pentoxifylline has been used to treat various dermatologic diseases, but its effectiveness in pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis has not been reported. We tried oral pentoxifylline treatment, 400mg twice a day on a 63-year-old man with pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis. A response was observed within 2 weeks. And after 8weeks, the skin lesion showed much improvement and therapy was discontinned. Four month later, he had a recurrence on the leg. He was treated again with pentoxifylline and after 3 weeks, the recurrent lesion showed resolution.
Dermatitis* ; Humans ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Pentoxifylline* ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

Introduction: Rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) suggests its correlation with liver failure worldwide. To date, there is no proven pharmacologic therapy for NAFLD. Pentoxifylline (PTX) with its anti-tumor necrosis factor properties has shown improvement of histological parameters, reductions in transaminase levels and serum cytokines among patients with NAFLD. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of PTX in the reduction of progression of NAFLD in terms of reducing levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), improving liver histology parameters and in decreasing TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. Methods: A comprehensive literature search showed seven randomized controlled trials (N=222) comparing PTX (1,200mg/day) with placebo. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed quality, and extracted and pooled outcomes including AST levels, ALT levels, serum cytokines and liver histology. All selected studies were found to be of low risk of bias based on Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for randomized trials. Statistical analysis and forrest plot generation were done using the Review Manager Software 5.3. Results: Pooled results showed that PTX significantly reduced the ALT (WMD= -20.08; 95% CI: -40.20, 0.05; p=0.05) and AST (WMD= -11.38; 95% CI: -20.47, -2.29; p=0.01) in NAFLD patients. PTX significantly improved lobular inflammation (WMD= -0.45; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.01; p=0.04), fibrosis (WMD= -0.39; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.05; p=0.08) and NAS score (WMD= -0.52; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.0; p=0.051). Among serum cytokines, greater reduction was demonstrated in TNF-α (WMD= -20.20; 95% CI: -50.46, 10.41; p=0.20). Conclusion Pentoxifylline (PTX) decreases the aminotransferase activities, improves the liver histology and TNF-α of NAFLD patients. Demonstrating effects on serum TNF-α which plays a key role in progression to hepatic steatosis, it may be used as an adjunct to diet and lifestyle modifications in the treatment of NAFLD.
Meta-Analysis ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Pentoxifylline

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation (BCM) and the therapeutic effect of Pentoxifylline on BCM disturbance after high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) in rabbits.

METHODSForty-five rabbits were divided into control group (C), electrical burn group (EB), and Pentoxifylline treatment group (PT) according to random number table, with 15 rabbits in each group. Model of HEB was reproduced in rabbits from EB and PT groups with voltage regulator and experimental transformer. Rabbits in C group were sham injured with the same devices without electrification. Changes in BCM were observed with microcirculation microscope at 15 minutes before HEB and 5 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8 hour(s) post HEB (PHM or PHH), including: (1) morphology of microvessels, such as the discernible, diameters of arterioles, venules, and capillaries, the unevenness in caliber, and ischemic area; (2) dynamic changes in microvascular blood flow, such as blood flow speed in arterioles, venules, and capillaries, erythrocyte aggregation, and microthrombi formation; (3) condition of tissues surrounding microvessel, such as bleeding and exudation. Measurement data were processed with t test; enumeration data were processed with Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS(1) Morphology of microvessel: discernible of microvessels in EB and PT groups was decreased, but that of PT group was better than that of EB group. At PHM 5, diameter of arterioles, venules and capillaries was respectively (7.3+/-2.5), (12.3+/-2.4), (3.5+/-0.7) microm in EB group, all narrower than those of the control group [(14.6+/-3.1), (27.2+/-3.5), (9.0+/-1.4) microm, with t value respectively 5.23, 13.66, 14.04, P values all below 0.05]. Diameters of the microvessels in PT group [(10.2+/-3.8), (21.5+/-3.1), (7.1+/-1.2) microm] were larger than those in EB group (with t value respectively 2.21, 8.99, 10.18, P values all below 0.05). Diameters of arterioles, venules and capillaries in EB and PT groups recovered to the before HEB size at PHH 1. From PHH 2 to 8, arterioles and capillaries decreased gradually in caliber, venules dilated gradually in EB and PT groups, but the changes in PT group were not obvious. Thickness of microvessel was observed uneven in EB group at PHM 5, which lasted until PHH 8. Ischemia of the tissue was observed in EB group at PHM 5, which improved at PHH 2. Situation in PT group was better. (2) Dynamic changes in microvascular blood flow: at PHM 5, blood flow speed in arterioles, venules and capillaries was respectively (202+/-53), (198+/-44), (46+/-12) microm/s in EB group, all slower than those of the control group [(544+/-37), (359+/-32), (220+/-19) microm/s, with t value respectively 20.47, 11.51, 30.02, P values all below 0.05], and those of PT group [(335+/-42), (260+/-35), (119+/-23) microm/s] were faster than those of EB group (with t value respectively 7.55, 4.26, 14.85, P values all below 0.05). Blood flow speed in EB and PT groups recovered to the before HEB level at PHH 1. From PHH 2 to 8, blood flow speed decreased gradually in EB and PT groups, but that of PT group was faster than that of EB group. Erythrocyte aggregation in venules and capillaries was observed in EB group at PHM 5, which eased up at PHH 1, but aggregated at PHH 2, lasting until PHH 8. Obvious microthrombi were observed in EB group at PHH 2, which increased gradually. These changes were less obvious in PT group. (3) Condition of surrounding tissues of microvessel: in EB group, exudation was observed around microvessels at PHH 1, bleeding at PHH 2, with a worsening tendency. Changes in those in PT group were less obvious.

CONCLUSIONSHEB causes disturbance in BCM, but it can be ameliorated by Pentoxifylline.

Animals ; Burns, Electric ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Conjunctiva ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Pentoxifylline ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits