Objective To obtain the information on the frequency of diagnostic X-ray examinations in Guangdong province in order to provide reference data for the rational application of diagnostic radiology.Methods A typical stratified sampling method was used to select 56 medical institutions in 7 districts in Guangdong province for the survey of the frequencies of diagnostic X-ray examinations.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the relevant variables of the surveyed sample (total number of hospitals,number of outpatients,number of inpatients,number of radiation workers,and number of diagnostic equipment).The dependent independent variables were fitted to the linear regression equation to estimate the frequency of routine diagnostic X-ray examinations and diagnostic CT examinations and the total frequency of diagnostic medical X-ray examinations in Guangdong province in 2016.Results By the largest percentage contribution,chest radiography accounted for 60.84％ of the routine diagnostic X-ray examinations,brain scans 28.03％ of diagnostic CT examinations,and cardiovascular interventions 48.83％ of interventional radiology.For the group of above 40 years old,the largest percentage contributions were,respectively,routine diagnostic X-ray examination 47.95％,diagnostic CT examinations 65.41％,and interventional radiology 75.64％.All types of medical X-ray examinations are concentrated in the tertiary and secondary hospitals.Based on this survey,the examination frequencies for 2016 in Guangdong were estimated to be,respectively,diagnostic X-ray examination 699 examinations per 1 000 population and CT diagnostic 231 examinations per 1 000 population,with the total of 992 examinations per 1 000 population.Conclusions This survey was completed to a limited degree and less investment.The results showed that the diagnostic radiology in Guangdong province is developing with increased frequencies,with wide varieties of X-ray examination types in the tertiary and secondary hospitals.Relevant competent defpartments should pay attention to strengthening the radiation protection of examined individuals and actively providing guidance on the correct and rational applicc ation of diagnostic radiology so as to achieve profit and avoid disadvantages.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS infected students in Shandong Province, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of AIDS transmission in the student population. Methods: All 863 HIV/AIDS students cases during 2010-2019 were collected in Shandong Province. Epidemiological characteristics was described and the trends in the 10 years since 2010 was analyzed. Results: These 863 HIV/AIDS students were mainly transmitted through homosexual sex (763 cases, 88.41%), and the samples were mainly from voluntary consultation testing (433 cases, 50.17%). From 2010 to 2019, the proportion of student cases in the total number of cases showed an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =30.21, P <0.01). Among them, the proportion of homosexual transmission cases increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.35, P =0.01), the proportion of cases aged 18-22 years increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.10, P =0.01), the proportion of cases with college degree or above increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =4.26, P =0.04). At present, voluntary consultation testing were the main source.There was no significant difference between the years of sample sources ( χ 2 trend =2.97, P =0.09). Conclusion The report number of students in Shandong Province are on the rise in recent years, especially those infected by same sex transmission, mainly with high education background, which calls for targeted strategies and intervention measures.

Objective: To analyze the epidemic features of male HIV-infected and AIDS patients by sexual transmission in Shandong Province. Methods: Data on HIV-infected people and AIDS patients (HIV/AIDS) were derived from HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. To analysis the epidemiological data of male HIV/AIDS by sexual transmission reported in Shandong Province from 1997 to 2016. Results: A total of 8 584 HIV/AIDS were reported by heterosexual transmission or homosexual transmission from 2007 to 2016. 2 421 cases were reported by heterosexual transmission and 6 163 cases were reported by homosexual transmission. Among cases infected by heterosexual transmission. The average age of cases infected by heterosexual transmission was (38.13±12.39) and (31.62±10.22) among cases who infected by homosexual transmission (t=24.95, P<0.001). 84 cases were reported by homosexual transmission and 138 cases by heterosexual transmission from 2007 to 2008, and 6 079 cases were reported by homosexual transmission and 2 283 cases by heterosexual transmission from 2009 to 2016. A total of 770 cases were dead after reported. Among the dead cases, 337 cases were infected by homosexual transmission and 433 cases by heterosexual transmission (χ²=328.21, P<0.001). 61.4% of the dead cases by heterosexual transmission were no longer than 6 months after reported and 54.3% in homosexual transmission (χ²=3.96, P=0.047). Conclusion Homosexual transmission has been the main transmission of HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province. Epidemiological features and social demographic characteristics of each sexual transmission were different. As part of HIV cases developed to death in 6 months.

Objective: To understand the survival status of AIDS patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Shandong province during 2003 to 2017, and to determine the factors associated with survival status. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among AIDS patients initially received antiretroviral therapy from 2003 to 2017. The epidemiological characteristics of the subjects were described, and life tables were used to estimate the survival rates, the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox regression model. Results: A total of 9 813 cases were enrolled in this study, of the subjects, the median age was 34.9±11.0 years. The median of baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 300.0(P₂₅-P₇₅: 163.0, 428.0)cells/μl, and 83.2% of them were at clinical stage Ⅰ (World Health Organization, WHO). The cumulative survival rates were 97.7%, 96.7%, 95.8% and 93.7%, 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after the initiation of ART respectively. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of the mortality among those infected through homosexual behavior was 38% lower than that of patients infected via blood or other routes, and HR was 0.62 (95%CI: 0.43-0.89). Higher education level had lower mortality risk(the mortality risk of those with university degree or above was lower, compared to those with primary and lower cultural level, HR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.26-0.65). At baseline, AIDS patients at clinical stage Ⅰ(WHO) had lower mortality risk than those who were at clinical stageⅡ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ(WHO). Lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count had higher mortality risk. Conclusions Survival rate was higher after initial antiretroviral therapy among AIDS patients in Shandong province. CD4+ T lymphocyte count level, WHO clinical stage, and presence or absence of clinical symptoms at baseline are the main factors influencing the survival time of AIDS patients after ART.

A survey was conducted to analyze the HIV testing status and related influencing factors of male sexually transmitted diseases(STD) patients attending 18 county-level hospitals in Shandong Province from July 2015 to August 2016. The HIV detection rate of 1 570 subjects was 77.58% (1 218/1 570), and the HIV-antibody positive rate was 0.99% (12/1 218). Compared with general hospitals patients, urinary and anorectal patients, non-sexual patients, and patients with negative attitudes toward HIV testing, patients were more likely to be tested for HIV from specialized hospitals (OR=3.74, 95%CI:2.53-5.54), the skin and venereal section (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.31-2.79), the STD group (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.34-3.03) and patients with positive attitude (OR=15.20, 95%CI:10.74-21.52).

Objective This study aimed to analyze the behavior change and related factors regarding HIV/STD epidemics among female sex workers (FSWs) in Qingdao city.Methods According to the requirements set by the "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program",information on demographics,sexual and drug use behaviors,and HIV-related services among female sex workers (FSWs) was collected from ten consecutive annual cross-sectional surveys from 2006 to 2015.Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies.Results Data from the sampled FSWs over the ten years,a higher proportion of participants who were aged 30 or more,married or cohabited and on-call FSW were followed.The prevalence of syphilis increased significantly from 1.0％ (4/420) in 2006 to 13.3％ (53/400) in 2015 (trendx2=54.22,P＜0.001).Rates on illicit drug use were ranging from 12.0％ (48/400) and 55.5％ (222/400) while the rate on consistent condom use with clients in the last month showed decreasing,with trendx2=170.62,P＜0.001.The proportion of HIV-related knowledge score ≥ 6 (trend x2 =152.96,P＜ 0.001),or ever been tested for HIV (trendx2=114.87,P＜0.001) were both significantly increased over the last ten years.Between 2009 and 2015,results from the annual stratified analysis showed that the FSWs who used drugs were more likely than the FSWs who were non-drug users less consistently using condoms with clients in last month and being syphilis positive (P＜0.05).On-call FSWs were more likely to be syphilis positive (P＜0.05) than the non on-call FSWs.Conclusions The prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in Qingdao city had been rising over the last ten years,with synthetic drug abuse as an important risk factor.Better targeted surveillance and intervention efforts among those drug-using FSWs seemed important to reduce the epidemics.

To introduce famous TCM doctor's experience of peripheral facial paralysis diagnosed and treated by Yifeng (TE 17). Based on holism concept of TCM, Doctorrefers to modern medicine and takes Yifeng (TE 17) as the main acupoint for its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. She determines severe degree according to the pressing pain of Yifeng (TE 17) and the significance of positive substances. She inserts the needle at the acupoint to pharynx and larynx, with 60°~80° from skin. The inserting method is to ensure quickarrival and safety. Besides, the manipulations are various according to different stage principles.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the demographic characteristics, HIV related knowledge and behavior, correlates of bisexual behavior and status of HIV infection among men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) in Shandong province. Methods: According to the requirements from "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program" , a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on demographics, sexual and drug use behaviors, and HIV-related services among MSM in nine sentinel surveillance sites from April to July in 2018. Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies. Results: A total of 3 474 participants were included in this study. Related information on these participants would include: average age as (31.66±9.01) years; 35.06% (1 218) married or cohabiting with a woman, 50.52% (1 755) had college or higher education, 80.11% (2 783) self-identified as gays and 14.22% (494) self-identified as bisexual men,16.87% (586) ever having sex with woman in the past 6 months, 10.51% (365) ever using drugs. HIV and syphilis prevalence rates were 2.99% (104/3 474) and 2.76%(96/3 474). Through multivariable logistic models, MSMW were more likely to be ≥35 years of age, local residents, self-identified as heterosexual/bisexual/uncertain, ever having commercial sex with man but less likely to consistently use condoms in the past 6 months, less using internet/dating software to find male sex partners and less using drugs. There was no significant differences noticed in the following areas: number of sexual partners in the last week, condom use in the last six months with commercial sex partners, with HIV or syphilis infection and self-reported history of STD in the past year between MSMO and MSMW (P>0.05). HIV-infected MSM were more likely to have the following features, ≥45 years of age, non-local residents, finding male sex partners from the bothhouses, park/toilets or from the internet/dating software, also less likely to consistently use condoms in the past 6 months, using drugs or with syphilis infection. Conclusions High prevalence of bisexual behavior as well as higher risk of HIV infection were noticed among MSM in Shandong province. It is important to strengthen related surveillance and effective intervention programs for MSM with different characteristics in Shandong province.