Biliary stricture refers to reduction of biliary tract patency caused by various factors,and can be divided into benign and malignant biliary strictures.Different treatments are taken based on the etiology and type of biliary tract diseases.Surgical treatment is the main treatment for biliary stricture diseases in the past.However,with the wide application of endoscopic therapy,it begins to play an important role in the treatment of biliary tract diseases.This article reviewed the application of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary stricture.

Objective To design and synthesize schisandrone derivatives for the therapy of disease like AD,and to meas-ure their anti-oxidation activity.Methods Ten compounds were synthesized,and seven of them were first reported.The influ-ence all the compounds on SOD from the mouse serum were measured to evaluate anti-oxidation activity.Structure-activity rela-tionship(SARs)were also discussed.Results Compounds 2,3,5 and 8 could increase the activity of SOD in mouse serum.Fur-thermore,Compounds 2,3 and 5 showed better activities than schisandrone.Conclusion Synthesized schisandrone derivatives showed anti-oxidation activity.The SARs demonstrated the carbonyl of C-1 position and the methyls of C-2 and 3 had no influ-ences to the anti-oxidant activity.

Objective:To observe the effectiveness of bone cement-enhanced proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of severe osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:Between January 2016 and June 2017, 23 patients with severe osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture were treated with bone cement-enhanced PFNA at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Luohe Medical College. They were 9 men and 14 women with an average age of 85.3 years (range, from 80 to 91 years). According to AO/OTA-2018 classification, there were 2 cases of type 31-A1.3, 5 cases of type 31-A2.2, 13 cases of type 31-A2.3 and 3 cases of type 31-A3.3. According to Singh standard grading, 4 cases were rated as level 1, 16 cases as level 2 and 3 cases as level 3. The PFNA fixation was enhanced by bone cement in all. The operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, fracture healing time and hip Harris scores at the last follow-up were recorded.Results:The operation time averaged 56.3 minutes (range, from 47 to 91 minutes) and the amount of intraoperative bleeding 197 mL (range, from 110 to 450 mL). All patients were followed up for 5 to 27 months (mean, 14.7 months). One patient who had been rated as good by the Harris hip score died 5 months after surgery because of acute suppurative obstructive cholangitis. All the 23 fractures achieved bony union. The healing time averaged 11.3 weeks (range, from 8 to 18 weeks). By the Harris scores at the last follow-up, 11 cases were excellent, 10 cases good and 2 cases fair, giving an excellent and good rate of 91.3%.Conclusion:Bone cement-enhanced PFNA can bring about good short-term outcomes for severe osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures because it can improve the screw control and reduce the risk of internal fixation failure.