[Summary] The basic data and serum targets of 3 349 residents were collected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling and analyzed by correlation and regression analysis to access its association with cardiovascular risk factors. The result showed that morbidity of hyperuricemia was 18. 85% . The risk of hyperuricemia was raised in people with high triglycerides, high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), and low estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR). The people with hyperuricemia are usually accompanied with many cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective To explore the relationship of serum uric acid level with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of elderly patients with hypertention based on a retrospective cohort study.Method The subjects included 465 cases who had a readmission after 3 years of follow-up in an original cohort of 1648 patients with diagnosis of essential hypertension in Fujian Provincial Hospital from August 2007 to September 2009.Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of serum uric acid level on renal function.Results Four hundred and sixty-five subjects were followed up for an average of 3.9 years.Mean patient age was 68.3 ± 9.7 years.There was no significant difference in uric acid between the baseline and 3 years later (P ＞ 0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age,gender,diabetes,body mass index,blood pressure etc,each 100 μmol/L-higher uric acid at baseline was associated with 4.40 ml· min-1· (1.73m2)-1 decrease in eGFR[95％ confidence interval (CI):-6.25--2.55,P ＜ 0.01].According to the alteration of the serum uric acid,all patients were divided into the group with decreased uric acid and the group with increase uric acid.The eGFR was lower in patients with increased uric acid than that in patients with decreased uric acid 3 years later [(70.63±21.54) ml· min-1 · (1.73m2)-1 vs (79.62±21.16) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,P ＜ 0.01] and there was no significant difference at baseline between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for aging,gender,diabetes,alteration of blood pressure etc,baseline uric acid was associated with a higher risk for eGFR decreasing more than 10 ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 3 years later [hazard ratio (HR)=2.11,95％CI:1.24-3.59,P ＜ 0.01]; increased uric acid 3 years later resulted in a higher risk for renal function deterioration (HR=2.60,95％ CI:1.67-4.07,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Elderly hypertensive patients with baseline hyperuricemia have a lower eGFR,resulting an increased risk of chronic kidney disease.While the patients with declined uric acid had a lesser imparied renal function.It suggests that the improvement of uric acid may help to slow down the deterioration of renal function in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glucoside tripterygium total (GTT) combined with antihistamine medicine for chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Methods All randomized or semi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs or semi-RCTs) of GTT in treating CIU were collected from CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library clinical controlled trials database. After two researchers conducted screening and data extraction independently, the quality of the included literature research was evaluated according to the risk of bias tool described in the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0, and then RevMan 5.3 was used to undertake Meta analysis. Results A total of 21 articles about RCTs and semi-RCTs were obtained, including 2194 patients. Meta analysis indicated that GTT combined with antihistamine medicine treatment showed higher effective rates compared with the control group [RR=1.33, 95%CI (1.26, 1.40), P<0.000 01], with obviously lower recurrence rate [RR=0.45, 95%CI (0.33, 0.62), P<0.000 01]. There was no statistical significance in adverse reactions. Conclusion GTT combined with antihistamine medicine for CIU has definite efficacy, and is relatively safe. Whether apply GTT combined with antihistamine medicine for CIU should be verified through randomized controlled trial with large-scale samples, multiple centers and high quality.

Objective To observe the effect of intra-articular injection of berberine on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13,ADAMTS-5,Aggrecan and Collagen Ⅱ in the cartilage of rabbits with osteoarthritis.Methods Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).On the basis of randomization one knee of each rabbit was treated with 0.3 ml 100 μmol/L berberine resolved in the normal saline (NS) (the experimental group) and the other knee was treated under the same schedule using NS (the placebo group) 4 weeks after transection,once a week for five weeks.Nine weeks after ACLT,all rabbits were killed and the knee joints were evaluated by histology and biochemistry.The mRNA expression of MMP-13,ADAMTS-5,Aggrecan and Collagen Ⅱ in the cartilage was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).All data were analyzed using Student's t test.Results Mankin histological evaluation showed that the extent and grade of cartilage damage in the experimental group (6.9±1.9) were less severe than the placebo group (9.3±1.2)(t=3.394,P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 decreased (160±54;166±47) (t=3.311,P＜0.01;t=2.651,P＜0.05) while that of Aggrecan (261±50) and Collagen Ⅱ (335±64) increased in cartilage compared to the placebo group (233±45;234±67;186±64;254±69),the differences were significant (t=2.941,P＜0.01;t=2.743,P＜0.05).The content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in cartilage [(23.5±2.8) μg/mg;(30±3) μg/mg] increased significantly in the experimental group (t=2.941,P＜0.01;t=2.743,P＜0.05) compared to the placebo group [(19.9±2.8) μg/mg;(27.4±2.9) μg/mg].Conclusion Berberine protects against cartilage degradation and inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis by suppressing MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression.

Objective To investigate the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and the diameter of retinal vessel in population with essential hypertension in Fujian coastal area.Methods Central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) were measured from the avoiding mydriatic digitized photographs and semi-automatic fundus analysis software,as well as albumin and urine creatinine.Results There were significant differences in CRAE levels among the normal control group,normoalbuminuria with essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group [(135.68 ± 10.10) μm,(129.79 ± 10.48) μm,(125.29 ± 11.17) μm,all P values ＜0.01].The CRAE levels were significantly negative correlated with UACR (r =-0.29,P ＜ 0.01).Linear regression analysis showed CRAE was associated with UACR in the patients with hypertension(β =-5.0,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed,systolic blood pressure (β =1.08,P =0.02) was risk factor for CRAE abnormality.The CRAE abnormality was increased in turn in the normal control group,normoalbuminuria with the essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The reduction of central retinal artery diameter are associated with the hypertensive renal damage.UACR and CRAE could be used to evaluate the microvascular lesions and be used as an indicator to assess the target organs damage in essential hypertension patients.

Aim To investigate the effect of MAPK signal transduction pathway on the expression of TNF-? in AM(alveolar macrophage) of CB(chronic bronchitis) rats,meanwhile,to initially discuss the possible regulated target of TAL(triterpene acids of loquat.leaf),to explain the mechanism about anti-inflammatory action of TAL on CB rats.Methods The depurated AM was incubated with the special inhibitors of MAPK signal transduction pathway respectively(ERK,p38 or JNK) and the expression of TNF-? was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Using factorial design,TNF-? level in AM culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The special inhibitors of ERK(PD98059) and p38(SB203580) could change the expression of TNF-? in AM of CB rats apparently.Factorial analysis shows there is statistical significance between TAL,PD98059/SB203580 and mixture of them.Conclusions TAL reducing the expression of TNF-? may be related with the inhibition of ERK and p38 signal transduction pathway.It may be one of the mechanisms by which TAL has the preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis.

Objective:To explore changes of central retinal vascular caliber and fractal dimension (Df) and their cor‐relation with blood pressure in hypertensive population .Methods :A total of 2169 subjects>30 years old were en‐rolled in this cross‐sectional study .They were divided into hypertension group (n=819) and non‐hypertension group (n=1350) .Fundus photos were collected in all subjects ,and semi‐automatic software was used to quantitatively ana‐lyze central retinal vascular caliber and Df ,and they were compared between two groups .Results:Compared with non- hypertension group ,there were significant reductions in central retinal arteriolar equivalent [CRAE ,(135.2 ± 10.72) μm vs .(132.25 ± 11.56) μm] ,central retinal venular equivalent [CRVE ,(184.95 ± 16.29) μm vs . (182.52 ± 17.07)μm] and Df [ (1.38 ± 0.05) vs .(1.34 ± 0.05)] in hypertension group , P<0.01 all .After adjus‐ting for age and gender ,analysis of covariance indicated that CRAE and Df of hypertension group were still signifi‐cantly lower than those of non - hypertension group (P<0.01 both) .Linear correlation analysis indicated that sys‐tolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were inversely correlated with CRAE and Df ( r= -0.340~ -0.174 , P<0.01 all) .After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors ,multi‐factor linear regression analysis indicated that CRAE and Df were still inversely correlated with SBP ,DBP and PP (stand‐ardizedβ= -0.190~ -0.134 ,P<0.01 all) .Df of hypertension course >5 years group was significantly lower than that of ≤5 years group [ (1.33 ± 0.05) vs .(1.35 ± 0.05)] , P<0.01. Conclusion:CARE ,Df are significantly in‐versely correlated to SBP ,DBP and PP in hypertensive population ,while correlation of Df is most .

Objective: To explore the relationship of plasma apelin and angiotensin II (Ang II) with hypertension and hypertension caused early renal damage in order to provide the information for hypertension treatment. Methods: A total of 671 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional community investigation. All participants were above 30 years of age with local residency longer than 5 years and were divided into 2 groups: Control group,n=354 non-hypertension subjects and Hypertension group,n=317 patients with essential hypertension. The levels of apelin, Ang II, urine creatinine and urinary albumin were examined. The relationship between blood pressure and the ratio of urinary albumin to urine creatinine (UACR) and the relationship between blood pressure and apelin, Ang II were studied by Pearson correlation analysis and multi linear regression analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, Hypertension group had the lower levels of apelin and higher UACR, both P<0.01. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was negatively related to Ln (apelin), positively related to Ln (Ang II), bothP<0.01. With adjusted gender, age and blood lipids, the above relationship still existed. In Hypertension group, the patients combining with the early renal damage had the lower level of apelin and higher level of Ang II, bothP<0.01. The relevant analysis indicated that Ln (UACR) was negatively related to Ln (apelin), positively related to Ln (Ang II), bothP<0.01. With adjusted gender, age, MAP and blood lipids, the above relationship still existed. Conclusion: The patients with hypertension or hypertension caused early renal damage have decreased apelin. Apelin is negatively related to Ang II, therefore, apelin might be used as a target for hypertension treatment in clinical practice.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between vascular active peptide, apelin level and blood pressure in a coastal population of Fujian province.
Methods: A total of 1031 subjects with the mean age of (55.1 ± 10.9) years in a coastal area of Fujian province were included in this cross-sectional study, and 416 subjects with male gender. The questionnaire survey, physical examination and plasma level of apelin measurement were conducted. Based on JNC-7 deifnition of hypertension, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: ① Hypertension group, the patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg, n=496. ② Pre-hypertension group, SBP at (120-139) mmHg and/or DBP at (80-89) mmHg without medication, n=314.③Normal BP group, SBP<120mmHg and DBP<80mmHg without medication, n=221. Based on 4 quartiles of apelin levels, the subjects were further divided into 4 groups:Q1 group, apelin<164.8 ng/ml, n=258. Q2 group, apelin at (164.8-<220.0) ng/ml, n=258. Q3 group, apelin at (220.0-283.1) ng/ml, n=258. Q4 group, apelin>283.1 ng/ml, n=257. One way analysis of variance, covariance analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to study the
relationship between apelin level and BP.
Results: The apelin level in male gender (220.57 ± 78.87) pg/ml was lower than female gender (232.06 ± 81.17) pg/ml. Compared with Normal group, Pre-hypertension group had decreased apelin level, compared with Normal and Pre-hypertension groups, Hypertension group had decreased apelin level, P<0.05. Compared with Q1 group, Q2, Q3 groups presented decreased SBP, DBP and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and compared with other 3 groups, Q4 group had decreased SBP, DBP (not including Q2, Q3 groups) and MABP, P<0.05. With adjusted age and gender, SBP, DBP and MABP were signiifcantly different among 4 quartiles of apelin groups, P<0.05. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that SBP, DBP and MABP were negatively related to apelin level, such relationship remained the same after adjusting the other cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: Apelin level dropping accompanying with BP increasing implies that vascular active peptide, apelin involved in BP regulation.

Objective:To investigate current situation of overweight and obesity among population from coastal areas of Fujian province ,and study their correlation with blood pressure (BP) and blood lipids . Methods :A total of 3343≥30 years people from coastal areas of Fujian province were enrolled using cross -sectional survey .Body height and mass ,BP ,waist circumference (WC) ,blood glucose and blood lipids etc .were measured .The correlation among BP ,blood lipids and BMI were statistically analyzed . Results:Detection rates of overweight and obesity were 34.6% and 10.0% respectively .Overweight rate of men was significantly higher than that of women (40.4% vs . 30.7% , P<0.05);percentages of overweight and obese population gradually rose along with age increased before 70 years ,and it showed declining trend after 70 years .Compared with normal weight people of corresponding age , BP and WC significantly rose in overweight and obese young people (<40 years) , P<0.01 all;there were signifi‐cant rise in BP ,WC ,TC and LDL‐C levels ,and significant reduction in HDL‐C level in overweight and obese mid‐dle-aged and aged people (>40 years) , P<0.05 or <0.01. Partial correlation analysis indicated that BMI was positively correlated with WC ,SBP ,DBP ,TC ,LDL‐C and HbA1c levels ( r=0.701 ,0.218 ,0.238 ,0.068 ,0.120 , 0.135 ,P<0.01 all) ,and inversely correlated with TG and HDL‐C levels (r= -0.069 both ,P<0.01 both) .Mul‐tifactor linear regression analysis indicated that BMI was significantly correlated with WC ,sex ,age ,DBP ,HDL‐C and FBG levels .After controlling age ,sex and blood glucose etc .,binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that overweight (OR=2.283 ,95% CI 1.915~2.721) and obesity (OR=4.419 ,95% CI 3.329~5.865) were risk fac‐tors for hypertension and dyslipidemia [overweight (OR= 1.356 ,95% CI 1.160~ 1.584) ,obesity (OR= 1.691 , 95% CI 1.319~2.167 )] , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are high in coastal population in Fujian province .Percentages of hypertension ,dyslipidemia ,DM and cardiovascular risk factor aggre‐gation significantly rise among overweight and obese people ,so controlling body mass is of important significance for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases ,including hypertension ,DM and dyslipidemia etc .