Objective To discuss the effects of remifentanfl for delthemte hypotension in intracranial aneurysm clamp operation,evaluating the feasibility and safety.Methods Twenty intracranial aneurysm patients undergoing occlusion surgery were prospectively randomized in to two groups:Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ.Group Ⅰ adopted remifentanil for deliberate hypotension and Group Ⅱ adopted sodium nitroprusside.The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows.Results Deliberate hypotension was achieved at the target mean arterial pressure(MAP)for remifentanil and nitroprusside respectively.During deliberate hypotension,HR in Group Ⅰ were lower than that in Group Ⅱ(P<0.01).RPP in Group Ⅰwere lower than that in Group Ⅱ(P<0.01).Blood loss in Group Ⅰ were lower than that in Group Ⅱ(P<0.05).Conclusion For general anesthesia in intracranial aneurysm clamp operation,using remifentanil for deliberate hypotemion is a good choice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin pretreatment on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway during one-lung ventilation (OLV)-induced acute lung injury in mice.Methods Ninety SPF male C57BL/6J mice,aged 6-9 weeks,weighing 18-24 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation (TLV) group;OLV group;curcumin 100,150,200 and 250 mg/kg groups (C100,C150,C200 and C250 groups).The corresponding doses of curcumin were administered intraperitoneally at 2 h before one-lung ventilation in C100,C150,C200 and C250 groups.The animals were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated in volume-controlled mode.The ventilator settings were adjusted to maintain the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at 35-45 mmHg.In OLV,C100,C150,C200 and C250 groups,unilateral lung was ventilated for 1.5 h followed by 0.5 h of TLV.Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 2.0 h in group TLV.Peak airway pressure and airway pressure were recorded at 1.5 h of OLV and 0.5 h of TLV.At the end of mechanical ventilation,left lungs were removed for microscopic examination of the pathologic changes,and the index of quantitative assessment for alveolar damage (IQA) was recorded.Wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was determined,and the cell apoptosis in lung tissues was detected using TUNEL.The apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.The expression of JNK mRNA was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.The expression of JNK and phosphorylated JNK was determined by Western blot.The phosphorylation of JNK was calculated.Results Compared with group TLV,the IQA,W/D ratio,AI,expression of JNK mRNA and phosphorylation of JNK were significantly increased in group OLV (P＜0.05).Compared with group OLV,the IQA,W/D ratio,AI,expression ofJNK mRNA and phosphorylation of JNK were significantly decreased in C150,C200 and C250 groups,the parameters mentioned above were significantly decreased in sequence in C100,C150,C200 and C250 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group C100 (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group OLV,the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in sequence in C150,C200 and C250 groups.Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin pretreatment reduces cell apoptosis during OLV-induced acute lung injury is related to inhibition of JNK signaling pathway activation in mice.

Objective To evaluate the blood-saving effect of tranexamic acid in pediatric patients undergoing radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods A total of 56 children of both sexes,aged 11 months-14 yr,with body mass index of 9.8-21.4 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,with left ventricular ejection fraction ＞50％,scheduled for elective radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot with CPB,were randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:tranexamic acid group (TA group,n =30) and normal saline group (NS group,n =26).Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam,sufentanil,vecuronium and propofol.The children were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1％-2％ sevoflurane and infusion of propofol,sufentanil and vecuronium.After induction of anesthesia,a loading dose of tranexamic acid l0 mg/kg was intravenously infused over 20 min before skin incision,followed by infusion at a rate of 10 mg · kg-1 · h 1 until the end of surgery in TA group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in NS group.The volume of chest tube drainage at 24 h after surgery and volume of allogeneic red blood cells,fresh frozen plasma,platelet and cryoprecipitate transfused were recorded.The requirement for re-thoracotomy for bleeding,and the incidence of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis were also recorded.Results Compared to NS group,the volume of chest tube drainage at 24 h after surgery and volume of allogeneic red blood cells,fresh frozen plasma,platelet and cryoprecipitate transfused were significantly reduced in TA group.No re-thoracotomy was required in TA group,and the rate of re-thoracotomy was 15％ in NS group.No hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis were detected in group TA.Conclusion Tranexamic acid (loading dose 10 mg/kg,maintenance dose 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1) can provide blood-saving effect and has high security in pediatric patients undergoing radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot with CPB.

Objective To improve the diagnostic quality of tumors composed of smooth muscles in alimentary tract.Methods The clinical and X-ray date of 40 cases of smooth musles tumors confirmed by surgery and pathological examination.Results Fifteen cases in the esophagus (including leiomyoma 14,leiomyosarcoma 1)showed the following X-ray appearence:filling defect,unfolding of mucous membrane,widening of the canal and pericanal mass 25 cases in the stomach and intestine(including leiomyoma 6,leiomyoplastoma 7,leiomyosarcoma 12)showed the following X-ray changes depending on the way of tumor,grows,cyst formation caused by tumor necrosis,compression of the stomach or intestine and adjacent organs,rarely seen calcification in tumor.The X-ray changes of small intermascular leiomyoma were short of specific X-ray signs.Conclusion X-ray exeamination is a reliable diagnostic method for smooth muscles tumors in alimentary tract.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of liposuction-curettage under negative pressure combined with Xiaozhiling injection for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.Methods The operative field was marked along the border of hair-bearing area of axilla with a distal margin of 0.5-1 cm.Subcutaneous tissue was removed by stroke movement under negative pressure after tumescent anesthesia.Subsequently,Xiaozhiling injection was injected into the subcutaneous space.All the patients were followed for at least 3 months,and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated quantitatively.Results A total of 72 patients (144 sides) with axillary bromhidrosis were treated with this method from March 2009 to May 2012,including 16 males and 56 females aged 14-41 years.All the patients experienced primary healing with no necrosis or hematoma formation within one week after the operation.The follow-up lasted 3 to 18 months (average: 8 months).Among the 144 sides,133 (92.4％) were cured,11 (7.6％) were improved,with the response rate being 100％.Postoperative scar is invisible,and patients were satisfied with the treatment outcomes.Conclusion The combined therapy is a simple and effective approach to the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with a fast recovery and less complications.

In order to extract more information from extracellular action potential (EAP) of neurons recorded deep in the brain tissue, we established simulation models of various pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and investigated the effects of dendrite currents, cell morphology and ion mechanisms on the formation of EAP waveforms. The results show that dendrite currents have significant effects on the EAP at the locations far from cell body, but not on those near cell body. The differences of shape of various pyramidal neurons result in large changes in the EAP amplitudes. However, the shapes of these different EAP are very similar. Ion mechanisms, such as calcium channels, have little effect on EAP waveforms. These results provide important information for experimental EAP recordings, EAP data analysis, and developing new methods to extract more neuronal data from EAP.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; physiopathology ; Models, Biological ; Neurons ; physiology ; Pyramidal Cells ; physiopathology ; Rats

Objective To investigate the chondrogenic feasibility of the human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs)as cartilage tissue engineering seed cells ,type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffold as the cellular carrier and cell‐scaffold complex .Methods The type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffolds was prepared .The pore diameter , porosity and hydrophilia of scaffold materials were observed and measured by electronic microscope .The corresponding histological analysis on the scaffold materials was performed .hUCMSCs of P3 generation were cultured and identified .The hUCMSCs suspen‐sion was inoculated in the type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffold for conducting culture without adding inducer .The samples were taken out after 3 weeks and performed the toluidine blue and safranin O staining ,type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemi‐cal staining and SEM scanning .Results hUCMSCs of P3 generation highly expressed the mesenchymal cell marker CD29 and CD105 ,while hardly expressed endothelial cells of CD34 and hematopoietic cell markers .The type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosami‐noglycan scaffold presented white porous foam like ,the porosity was (91 .8 ± 2 .17)% ,the average pore diameter was 110‐230 μm , which was homogeneously distributed and had interpenetration .The scaffold showed good hydrophilicity with the water absorption expansion rate of (213 .71 ± 1 .31)% .The scaffold staining of toluidine blue ,safranin O and type Ⅱ collagen was positive .The car‐tilage‐like tissues were observed ,and gradually increased in the surface of cell‐scaffold complex along with culture ,which were posi‐tive in Toluidine blue ,safranin O and type Ⅱ collagen staining ,the electronic microscopic observation displayed that the cells were actively proliferated in the scaffold ,closely adhered with the materials ,the cartilage‐like cells and a large number of peripheral colla‐gen fibers with zigzag connection could be seen .Conclusion Compositing hUCMSCs and type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosamin‐oglycan scaffold could construct tissue‐engineering cartilage in vitro without induction ,which lays a certain experimental foundation for the repair of cartilage damage .

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase C in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain in rats and the relationship with the expression of Nav1.8 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).Methods Thirty pathogen-free healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:control group (group C),chronic inflammatory pain group (group CIP) and PKC inhibitor group (group P).Normal saline 20 μl was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw every day for 14 consecutive days in group C.Prostaglandin E2 100 ng was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw every day for 13 consecutive days to establish the model of chronic inflammatory pain,and dimethyl sulfoxide 20μl was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw on 14th day in group CIP.Prostaglandin E2 100 ng was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw every day for 13 consecutive days,and PKC inhibitor GF1O9203X 100 nmol/20 μl was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw on 14th day in group P.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before injection (T0) and 1,3,7 and 14 days after the last injection (T1-4).The DRGs of the lumbar segment (L4.5) were removed for determination of Nav1.8 expression using immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased at T1-4 in CIP and P groups,and the expression of Nav1.8 in DRGs was significantly up-regulated in group CIP (P＜0.05).Compared with group CIP,the MWT was significantly increased at T4,and the expression of Nav1.8 in DRGs was down-regulated in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of Nav1.8 after PKC activation in DRGs is involved in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain in rats.

Objective:To explore the clinical and CT imaging features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia (CIP) and to improve the early diagnostic ability of CIP.Methods:From June 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021, the clinical data and chest CT images of 2 067 patients with advanced malignant tumor treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with CIP were enrolled according to the guidelines for CIP diagnosis, and the incidence, time from the start of medication to the onset of CIP, medication cycle, imaging features, imaging patterns, CT grade and outcomes were analyzed. χ 2 test was used to compare the incidence of CIP in patients with or without basic lung disease. Results:Among 2 067 patients with malignant tumors treated with ICI, 67 patients developed CIP, the incidence of CIP was 3.2%. The incidence of CIP was significantly different between 386 patients with basic lung disease (7.00%, 27/386) and 1 681 patients without basic lung disease (2.4%, 40/1 681) (χ 2=21.32, P<0.001). The time from the start of medication to the onset of CIP was 7-367 d (median 52 days), and the duration of medication was 1-12 cycles (median 2 cycles). The imaging features of CIP presented as ground glass opacities in 54 cases (80.6%), solid nodules in 26 cases (38.8%), consolidations in 25 cases (37.3%) and irregular reticular opacities in 24 cases (35.8%). The main radiologic pattern was organizing pneumonia (OP, 34 cases, 50.7%), and followed by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) pattern (14 cases, 20.9%). According to CT grading, there were 26 cases in low risk grade, 17 cases in moderate risk grade and 24 cases in high risk grade. Of 43 low-and medium-risk grade cases, 25 were OP pattern, accounting for 58.1%, and among 24 high-risk grade patients, 13 were DAD pattern, accounting for 54.2%. Forty-three of the 52 patients were initially untreated, of which 23 patients progressed, 17 had lesion shrinkage, and 3 had resolution, and relapsed in 8 cases after resolution or drug withdrawal. Conclusions:The imaging manifestations of CIP are mainly ground glass opacities, nodules, consolidations, and irregular reticular opacities. The radiologic patterns are mainly OP and DAD. OP is the most common pattern in low-moderate risk grade CIP and DAD is the most common pattern in high risk grade CIP. Patients with basic lung disease are more likely to get CIP.

Objective To analyze the infiltration abundance of macrophage M2 in breast cancer tissues and explore the correlation between VSIG4 and macrophage M2 and the potential mechanism of regulating the invasion and migration of breast cancer patients. Methods We downloaded the RNA-seq data of TCGA-BRCA and assessed the infiltration abundance of immune cells in the samples by CIBERSORT, and established a prognostic risk prediction model. Then, we analyzed the effect of macrophage M2 and VSIG4 on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. In addition, we analyzed the signaling pathway associated with VSIG4 by gene set enrichment analysis and predicted its upstream regulation of miRNA. Results The infiltration abundance of macrophage M2, age, PR status and pathological stage were involved in the establishment of risk prediction model, and the model had a good prediction performance (AUC=0.816). High infiltration of macrophage M2 (HR=1.35, P < 0.05) and high expression of VSIG4 (HR=1.4, P=0.039) suggested poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. VSIG4 could be regulated by upstream miR-29a-3p and significantly correlated with Toll-like receptor, cell adhesion, production and release of cytokine. Conclusion VSIG4 is significantly associated with breast cancer patients' prognosis and infiltration of macrophage M2, regulated by the upstream miR-29a-3p and promotes the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. It can be used as a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer.