Islet transplantation is effective in treating diabetes, however, its clinical use is highly restricted by a series of influencing factors. This review elucidates the non-immune factors including islet purification, instant blood-mediated inflammatory response and revascularization deficit on the development of islet transplantation, and also highlights the application and perspective of islet xenotrasplantation in the treatment of diabetes.

BACKGROUND:Studies have confirmed that the surface treatment methods such as silane coupling agent and sand blasting could improve bonding strength of zirconia ceramics and resin binder. In addition, the increase of micro cracks on the surface of zirconia ceramics can also improve the bonding strength of zirconia ceramics and resin binder. But there is a lack of related studies addressing whether repeatedly sintering would have an impact on shear bond strength of zirconia ceramics.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of decorative porcelain temperature firing on the shear bond strength between dental zirconia ceramics and resin binder.
METHODS:Twenty pieces of zirconia ceramics specimens were selected from 40 tablets, and then randomly divided into five groups according to the number of sintered times:control group (without sintering), sintering groups for 2, 4, 6, 8 times. Heat starting temperature was 500 ℃, and final temperature was 1 000 ℃ with a heating rate of 55 ℃/min. The vacuum time was 7 minutes. During the sintering, the final temperature was constant. Unsintered ceramic pieces were bonded using resin binder. Universal testing machine was used to test the shear strength of the interface between the two pieces of zirconia ceramics. The interface after shearing was characterized by scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The shear strength of sintering groups for 4, 6, 8 times was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Shear strength of specimens sintered twice was slightly higher than that of specimens without sintering, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Shear strength of specimens sintered 8 times was slightly higher than that sintered 4 and 6 times (P<0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, there was no crack on the surface of non-sintered zirconia ceramics. After 2 times sintering, the surface appeared to have fine cracks. After sintering 4 times, visible cracks were increased. After six rounds of sintering, the surface began to have significant changes;cracks rose along with slight gaps and a smal amount of adhesive residues were found. After sintering for 8 times, cracks and voids were obviously increased on the sintered surface and adhesive residues were found. It indicated that after sintering for 4, 6 and 8 times, zirconia ceramics could have a good shear strength binding to resin adhesives;with the increasing of sintering times, the shear bond strength could be increased.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of posterior spinal cord shifting after two different types of laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy.Methods From June 2004 to September 2007,65 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reviewed in this study,including 41 males and 24 females with an average age was 56.3 years(range,39-75).Among them,33 patients underwent selective laminoplasty and 32 patients underwent open-door laminoplasty.There were no significant differences of preoperative JOA scores and cervical curvature index between two groups.After one year follow -up,the posterior shifting of spinal cord,Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) recovery rate,loss of curvature index and axial symptom for each patient were calculated.ResultsAll cases were followed up for average 34 months(range,26-47).There was significant difference of the postoperative posterior shifting between the two groups,which was(1.4±0.6) mm in selective laminoplasty group and(3.3±1.2) mm in opendoor laminoplasty group,respectively.The average JOA recovery rate was 60.5％±21.3％ and 61.1％±17.9％ in selective laminoplasty and open-door laminoplasty group,respectively.There was no significant difference of JOA recovery rate between the two groups.Loss of cervical curvature indices was 3.3％±1.7％ and 3.1％± 2.4％ in selective laminoplasty and open-door laminoplasty group,respectively,with no significant difference between the two groups.The rate of patients with evident axial symptoms was 18.2％ and 33.3％ in selective laminoplasty group and open-door laminoplasty group,and the difference of the scores of cervical axial symptom was statistically significant.ConclusionThe degree of the postoperative posterior shifting of the spinal cord in open-door laminoplasty group was greater than that in selective laminoplasty group.The posterior shifting of the spinal is correlated with cord,axial symptom but not the recovery rate and curvature index.

Objective To detect beta-human papilloma virus (HPV) and determine its genotype in actinic keratosis (AK) lesions.Methods Tissue specimens were collected from the lesions of 39 patients with AK and normal skin of 40 healthy controls.A nested PCR was performed to detect alpha-HPV and beta-HPV DNA in these specimens.The genotype of beta-HPV was determined in beta-HPV DNA-positive specimens by a common PCR using specific primers targeting 12 HPV genotypes,including HPV 5,8,15,17,19,20,21,23,36,38,49 and 80.Results The detection rate of beta-HPV DNA was 84.6％ (30/39) in the patients with AK,and 30.0％ (12/40) in the healthy controls (x2 =6.76,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was observed in the detection rate of alpha-HPV DNA between the two groups (12.8％ vs.7.5％,x2 =0.91,P ＞ 0.05).HPV 38 was the predominant genotype of beta-HPV in these patients with a detection rate of 36％ (12/33),followed by HPV36.The prevalence of all the 12 genotypes of HPV was consistently low in the healthy controls.Mixed HPV infections were observed in 10 AK lesions,but in none of the healthy controls.No statistical difference was noted in the positivity rate of beta-HPV among patients at different ages,of different genders,with different occupations or clinical courses (x2 =0.53,0.94,0.81,0.73,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with healthy controls,the patients with AK showed a higher beta-HPV infection rate,with HPV38 as the predominant genotype.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Tanreqing injection in treating children's viral pneumonia.METHODS:In this retrospective study,sixty children with viral pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive Tanreqing Injection(treatment Group,n=30)or Ribavirin(control Group,n=30).The clinical effects and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of the two groups were compared,and the cost-effectiveness analyses were performed.RESULTS:The effective rate was 100% in the treatment Group versus 80% in the control Group;the incidence rate of ADRs was 3.33% vs.13.33%;the cost was 297.88 vs.399.95 yuan;and the cost-effectiveness was 297.88 vs.499.94,all showing significant differences between the two groups(P

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the researchers have studied the adjacent segment degeneration after cervical fusion. Several studies concerned the adjacent segment degeneration after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the correlative factors of adjacent segment degeneration after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.
METHODS:122 patients were included in the study from 126 patients who underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion that operated by the same treatment team and involved a single vertebral body and the two plates between February 2009 and February 2012. The final fol ow-up period was 3 years. According to the degeneration progress of adjacent segment degeneration, these patients were divided into non-progression group and progression group. The gender, age, preoperative adjacent segment degeneration, cervical range of motion, upper and lower vertebral range of motion, surgical segment, titanium mesh subsidence, plate-to-disc distance, and cervical curvature index were compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the correlative factors of adjacent segment degeneration.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) There were significant differences in preoperative adjacent segment degeneration, postoperative cervical range of motion, postoperative upper and lower vertebral range of motion, and postoperative cervical curvature index (P<0.05), which were included in logistic regression analysis. (2) Logistic regression analysis regression model:adjacent segment degeneration=0.317× postoperative cervical range of motion+3.374×preoperative adjacent segment degeneration+1.862 × postoperative lower vertebral range of motion-0.795×postoperative cervical curvature index-16.481. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative range of motion, postoperative cervical range of motion, postoperative lower vertebral range of motion and postoperative cervical curvature index were correlative factors of range of motion after adjacent segment degeneration (P<0.05). (3) These results indicated that preoperative adjacent segment degeneration, postoperative cervical range of motion, postoperative lower vertebral range of motion and postoperative cervical curvature index were correlative factors of adjacent segment degeneration. We should actively carry out effective measures to prevent the progress of the adjacent segment degeneration before, during and after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.

OBJECTIVE To know the basic situation of nosocomial infection control and management in all levels of hospitals in Anhui Province,and provide the theory basis for the future work.METHODS To investigate the students participating in the nosocomial infection management training class by using the questionnaire.RESULTS There were altogether 273 people from 217 hospitals accepting the investigation.From 217 hospitals there were 46 1st grade hospitals and 160 2nd grade hospitals and 11 third graed hospitals.In all the people engaged in the nosocomial infection management,83.88% were the females and 67.03% for nursing staff,the age of 30-50 years old was 79.84%,the middle professional rank accounted for 72.53%,and 79.86% people′s record of formal schooling was the technical college and below.CONCLUSIONS The basic situation of nosocomial infection management in majority hospitals of our Province is good,but in some hospitals,the function of the structure has not certainly obtained the full display.In order to adapt the development of the nosocomial infection supervisory work,promote it to be more perfect,personnel structure,resources arrangement,and administrative offices function should give enough reconstruction and construction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the surgical site infection(SSI)in clean surgical sites and the perioperative antibiotic usage.METHODS The incidence of SSI and the antibiotics usages in 842 cases during perioperative were analyzed retrospectively in 32 hospitals.RESULTS One case with nosocomial infection was found(0.12%).The use rate of antibiotics was 98.57%.Among 802 cases using prophylactic antibiotics,the antibiotics were given in 181 cases thirty minutes to two hours before operation.136 cases were given 24 h before operation.And 485 cases were given after operation;195 cases stopped using antibiotics after 24 h,472 cases stopped using antibiotics after 4-6 days and 135 cases stopped to use antibiotics after 7 days.CONCLUSIONS The major problem is excessive use of antibiotic in clean surgical site during perioperation,long duration of antibiotics prophylaxis,more expensive antibiotics and unnecessary combination of antibiotics,suggesting that it be important to strengthen the management of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice spiral CT image texture analysis in differentiating metastatic (MLN) from non-metastatic lymph nodes (NLN) in patients with rectal cancer.Methods Thirty five patiets with rectal cancer who were pathologically confirmed by total mesorectum excision were included retrospectively,with regional lymph nodes (short-axis diameter of larger than 3 mm)found in preoperative CT images.All the patients underwent preoperative abdominal and pelvic dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan.Regional lymph nodes were identified according to pathological findings,and were divided into MLN and NLN groups.The short-axis diameter,short-to long-axis diameter ratio of lymph nodes were manually measured and calculated,and the texture features,including skewness,kurtosis,variance,entropy and inverse difference moment,were analyzed.The above parameters between MLN and NLN groups were compared using independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test.ROC curve analysis was performed regarding the statistically significant parameters and the areas under curve (AUC) were calculated.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was accomplished to obtain the independent predictive factor of diagnosing regional lymph nodes.Results A total of 68 regional lymph nodes were obtained and consisted of 31 MLNs and 37 NLNs.The short-axis diameter,kurtosis,and entropy of the MLN group were significantly higher than those of the NLN group (all P＜0.05).Whereas,the short-to long-axis diameter ratio,skewness,variance,and inverse difference moment did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The AUC for distinguishing MLN from NLN of the short-axis diameter,kurtosis and entropy were 0.79,0.67,and 0.85,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only entropy (odds ratio=8.48,95％ confidence interval was 3.01 to 23.92,P＜0.01) was screened out as the independent variable,which suggested that the entropy was the unique predictor for characterizing regional lymph nodes of rectal cancer.Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT images texture analysis can facilitate the accurate differentiation between MLN and NLN in patients with rectal cancer,and especially the entropy has the optimal reference significance.

Objective To analyze the outcomes of different treatments in 126 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The follow-up data of 126 BCLC-B or C stage HCC patients who received different treatments were retrospectively studied.These patients were divided into six groups according to the treatment.Group 1:untreated; Group 2:TACE only; Group 3:TACE + Sorafenib;Group 4:liver resection ; Group 5:liver resection + TACE; Group 6:liver resection + TACE + Sorafenib.The survival times were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and the results were analyzed using the log-rank test.Results Among the non-surgery groups,the 1 year survival rate in Group 3 (62.5％,medium survival 16 months) was longer than Groups 1 and 2.For patients in the liver resection groups,the 1 year and overall survival rates were much better than the non-surgery groups.There were no significant differences in 1 year and 2 year survivals among Groups 4,5,and 6.However,the 3 year survival rate in Group 6 was much longer than Groups 4 and 5.The medium survival in Groups 4,5,and 6 were 24,24.5,and 28 months,respectively.Moreover,the medium survivals after post-hepatectomy recurrence in Groups 4,5 and 6 were 7,9.5,and 18 months,respectively.Sorafenib significantly prolonged survival after HCC recurrence.Conclusions Liver resection was still the best and the most effective treatment for patients with advanced HCC.Combining TACE with Sorafenib was a better treatment for patients with non-resectable HCC.Sorafenib effectively inhibited progression of post-hepatectomy HCC recurrence and significantly prolonged survival.Therefore,Sorafenib is a good approach in the prevention and treatment of HCC recurrence.