43℃) and low pH (pH

OBJECTIVETo establish a perceived fatigue evaluating model during simulated load carriage that is based on objective variables through analyzing the characteristics and trends of shoulder force, shoulder pressure, waist pressure, back pressure, and perceived fatigue, and to provide an analytical technique for research on load carriage.

METHODSA 50-min simulated walking (at a speed of 5 km/h and a slope of 0%) experiment including 14 healthy male adults was conducted under four levels of backpack payloads (25, 29, 34, 37 kg). Shoulder force and trunk pressure were sampled simultaneously and analyzed with time- and frequency- domain methods. Multivariable linear regression was used to build a perceived fatigue evaluating model during load carriage.

RESULTSThe perceived fatigue evaluating model based on shoulder force, trunk pressure distribution ratio, load, and body mass index (BMI) was established. Its adjusted determination coefficient (aR2) was 0.709 and the absolute percentage error (APE) at the end of the experiment was less than 20%. The goodness of fit of the model based on frequency-domain independent variables was much higher compared with the model based on time-domain independent variables. The addition of BMI that represents the individual differences to the model obviously improved the goodness of fit.

CONCLUSIONThe perceived fatigue evaluating model established in this study does not rely on the physiological changes of individuals, and thus can be used to establish an evaluation system for human load carriage with dummy as a substitution for human in experiments and to provide a scientific basis for efficient human load carriage.

Aim To study the function of VR1 in chronic pain, to construct VR1 siRNA expression vectors and to study their silencing effect in the DRG neurons of rats were detected.Methods The hairpin sequences of siRNAs targeting VR1 gene of rat were designed, and two pairs of oligonucleotide sequence were synthesized. The annealed oligonucleotide fragments were cloned into linearized pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti expression vector and identified by PCR and DNA sequencing.Then, they were co-transfected by lipofectamine into 293T cells.The silencing effects of the lentivector-mediated VR1 siRNAs on the expression of VR1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR after intrathecal injection in rats.Results DNA sequencing showed that the oligonucleotide fragments were correctly cloned into linearized pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti expression vector and the expression of VR1 mRNA in L4-L6 DRG neurons was inhibited significantly by pRNAT-U6.2/Lenti-siVR1 after intrathecal injection in rats.Conclusion The lentivector-mediated siRNAs are successfully constructed and they inhibit the expression of VR1 mRNA in the DRG neurons of rats, which may provide a potential tool for the further study and treatment of chronic pain.

Fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21) is a recently discovered metabolic regulation factor, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and increasing insulin sensitivity. FGF-21 is expected to be a potential anti-diabetic drug. Expression of FGF-21 as inclusion bodies has advantages for high yield and purity, but the bioactivity of the protein is almost totally lost after denature and renature. That is why FGF-21 is currently expressed in soluble form. As a result, the yield is considerably low. In this study, we used SUMO vector to express SUMO-human FGF-21 (SUMO-hFGF-21) in form of inclusion body. We optimized the culture conditions to increase the yield of the bioactive human fibroblast growth factor-21. We applied the hollow fiber membrane filtration column to enrich the bacteria, wash, denature and renature inclusion bodies. After affinity and gel filtration chromatography, we examined the hypoglycemic activity of FGF-21 by the glucose uptake assay in HepG2 cells. We also detected the blood glucose concentration of type 2 diabetic db/db model mice after short or long-term treatment. The results show that the yield of ihFGF-21 was 4 times higher than that of shFGF-21. The yield was 20 mg/L for ihFGF-21 vs. 6 mg/L for shFGF-21. The purity of ihFGF-21 was above 95%, while shFGF-21 was 90%. Compared with the traditional method of extracting inclusion bodies, the production cycle was about three times shortened by application of hollow fiber membrane filtration column technology, but the bioactivity did not significantly differ. This method provides an efficient and cost-effective strategy to the pilot and industrial production of hFGF-21.
Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; biosynthesis ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; Inclusion Bodies ; metabolism ; Mice ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins ; biosynthesis

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on type 2 diabetic mice model and to provide mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect. Type 2 diabetic animal model was established with high calorie fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Mice were then randomized into 5 groups: model control, FGF21 0.25 and 0.05 μmol x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups, insulin treatment group. Ten age-matched normal KM mouse administered with saline were used as normal controls. Serum glucose, insulin, lipid products and the change of serum and liver tissue inflammation factor levels between five groups of mouse were determined. The results showed that blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, and inflammatory factor average FGF-21 of type 2 diabetes model group and normal control group were significantly higher (P < 0.01), while compared with insulin group, no difference was significant. Average blood glucose, insulin, blood lipid and inflammatory factor of FGF-21 treatment group compared with type 2 diabetes group was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and insulin group has no difference with the model control group. The results of OGTT and HOMA-IR showed that insulin resistance state was significantly relieved in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that FGF-21 significantly remits type 2 diabetic mice model's insulin resistance state and participates in the regulation of inflammatory factor levels and type 2 diabetes metabolic disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of thrombus aspiration catheters combining tiroifban medication for myocardial tissue reperfusion recovery in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: A total of 105 STEMI patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from 2011-05 to 2013-05 were studied, there were 73 male and 32 female with the mean age of (58.39 ± 10.37) years. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A, the patients received thrombus aspiration catheters with intravenous tiroifban, n=53 and Group B, the patients received tiroifban and PCI, n=52. The basic clinical features, myocardial tissue perfusion level, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at post operative and in-hospital period were recorded, the cardiac function was examined by echocardiography at 6 months after PCI in both groups.
Results: The basic clinical features were similar between 2 groups. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial (TIMI) 3 lfow rate was higher in Group A than that in Group B (92.45% vs 55.77%), P=0.000. TIMI 2 and TIMI 0~1 lfow rates were lower in Group A than that in Group B (7.55%vs 26.92%), P=0.008 and (0%vs 17.31%), P=0.002. The adjusted TIMI frame was lower in Group A (27.26±5.50) vs (38.98±5.42), P<0.001. The echocardiography at 6 months after PCI indicated that Group A had higher LVEF than that in Group B (0.55±0.06) vs (0.47±0.06), P<0.001;lower left ventricular end diastolic diameter (50.77±5.45) vs (54.76±5.34), P<0.001;less angina and target vessel revascularization (16.98%vs 40.38%), P=0.008 and (9.43%vs 17.31%), P=0.008. The incidence of MI, acute heart failure, cardiac death and non-target vessel revascularization were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05.
Conclusion:Thrombus aspiration catheters combining tiroifban medication may obviously improve the myocardial tissue reperfusion and the short-term cardiac function in STEMI patients after PCI, it could reduce the incidence of no-relfow without increasing MACE.

Objective To investigate the effect of transplanted bone marrow stromal cells on the cells in the subventricular zone of the rats with permanent focal cerebral ischemia and analyze cell types.Methods Permanent focal cerebral ischemia models were established with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and divided into three groups: MCAO alone,intravenous infusion of 1ml PBS at 24 hours after MCAO,and intravenous infusion of 2?106 BMSCs 24 hours after MCAO.Then,the groups were subdivided into 7-day and 14-day groups after MACO.Neurological functions were detected by Zausinger evaluation;meanwhile,5-bromodeoxyuridine was injected to label the proliferating cells in the subventricular zone,and double-immunofluscent technologies were used to identify the cell type.Results On the 7th day and the 14th day after MACO,neurological functional scores of BMSCs-treated group were higher than those of the other two groups(P

Objective To report surgical outcomes of managing comminuted fractures of the inferior patellar pole with separate vertical wiring plus anchor suture fixation.Methods From January 2010 to January 2015,37 patients with comminuted fractures of the inferior patellar pole were treated with separate vertical wiring and anchor suture fixation.They were 15 men and 22 women,from 32 to 76 years of age (average,55.1 years).The intervals from fracture to surgery ranged from 2 to 3 days (average,2.1 days).According to the AO classification,all the fractures were type 34-A1.The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores,ranges of motion (ROM) of the knee,Bostman scores and postoperative complications were recorded at 6 weeks,3,6 and 12 months and the final follow-up postoperatively.Results The follow-up time for the 37 patients averaged 16 months (range,from 12 to 23 months).The fracture union time averaged 10 weeks after surgery (range,from 8 to 13 weeks).At postoperative 6 weeks,3,6 and 12 months and the final follow-up,respectively,the average VAS scores were 2.5,1.1,0.3,0.2 and 0.2 points,the average ranges of motion 109.5°,123.7°,128.6°,129.1° and 132.5°,and the average Bostman scores 23.7,26.9,29.1,29.4 and 29.6 points.No patient reported delayed union,nonunion,loss of reduction,wire breakage,wound problem or irritation from the implant.Conclusion Separate vertical wiring combined with anchor suture fixation is a useful technique for comminuted fractures of the inferior patellar pole,for it is easy to perform,allows early functional exercise and leads to fine curative outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel drug-coated balloons (DCB)in treating acute coronary syndrome in patients with high bleeding risk.Methods A total of 35 inpatients with acute coronary syndrome and high bleeding risk who were treated in our hospital from March 2017 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the control group (n=20) treated with normal balloon dilatation and the experimental group (n =15) treated with DCB treatment.The age,major cardiac adverse events(MACE)within 3 months,fatal hemorrhage events,all-cause mortality,attributable mortality,target lesion revascularization rate(TLR),coronary artery stenosis degree before intervention,and coronary artery stenosis degree at once and 3 months after surgery,were used for comparison and for statistical analysis between the control and the experimental group.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the indexes as the followings:MACE within 3 months after surgery(25.0％ vs.6.7％,x2 =2.03,P =0.15),fatal hemorrhage events (10.0 ％ vs.6.7 ％,x2 =0.12,P =0.727),all-cause mortality (20.0％ vs.6.7％,x2 =1.24,P =0.27),attributable mortality(10.0％ vs.0.0％,x2 =1.59,P=0.21),TLR(14.3％ vs.0％,x2 =3.08,P =0.08).However,the incidence of fatal hemorrhage and MACE,all-cause mortality,attributable mortality and TLR were relative low in the experimental group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Drug-coated balloon treatment is safe and effective in treating acute coronary syndrome in patients with high bleeding risk.

Objective To develop a kit of time?resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA)for detection of Schistosoma japonicum protein SjP38,and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods The anti 9G7 SjP38 monoclonal antibody was used as the capture anti?body coated with 96?hole plate,and the Eu3+labeled 1A6 monoclonal antibody was used as the detection antibody to establish the TRFIA SjP38 kit. In addition,the accuracy,sensitivity,precision,stability and coincidence rate to pathogenic diagnosis of the kit were evaluated. Results This established kit possessed high accuracy,wide linear range from 2 to 1 250 ng/ml,high sensitivity with the minimum detectable concentration of 0.14 ng/ml,and good precision(the coefficient variation of the intra?and inter?assay were 3.6%to 4.6%and 5.1%to 6.7%,respectively). The stability tests showed that the reagents could be stable for six months at 4℃,7 d at 37℃. The positive and negative corresponding rates to the pathogen detection method were 95%and 100%respectively. Conclusion All the performance and detection indicators of the kit have reached the requirements of clinical test,but its clinical application still needs further validation.