Upon the situation that the scale of international students studying clinic medicine is enlarging,we adopted the questionnaire designed by International Affairs'Office of Ministry of Education to investigate the general information as the reason why international students come to study in China,the entrance standard,the evaluation on teaching,the occupation selecting and the tuition fee etc.The essay aims to provide information for normalizing the education and constituting concerned policy.

Objective To explore the electronystagmography (ENG) changes and their clinical significance in aged patients with vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). Methods Sixty aged patients with VBI were selected as experimental group for testing of visuo-oculomotor system reaction, spontaneous nystagmus, caloric test and positional nystagmus. Forty normal aged persons as control group. Results In the experimental group, there were 11 cases (18.3%) who had spontaneous nystagmus and 46 cases (76.6%) with positional nystagmus. The positional nystagmus intension in those patients was 7.76?6.05?/s, which was much higher compared to the control group (P

group was also higher than that in the control group, Z=2.39, P<0.05,all which had significant difference, P<0.05.While no significant difference was found in the scores of the Geriatric Depression Scale or the Cornell Scale of Depression Disease between two groups, Z=1.21, P>0.05. Conclusions Reminiscence therapy improves cognitive function, the ability of self-care and social communicate of patients with mild to moderate dementia patients,so that it can improve further patients′quality of life.

In allusion to the constant development of degree students majoring in medicine recent years,the essay discusses the future development trend of medicine degree student on analysis of education demand of the neighboring countries and the contrast of different cultivate model and the quality standardization.

Objective To optimize human acellular dermal matrix(ADM) and evaluate its biological characters. Methods Human skin was treated with hypertonic saline followed by NaOH maceration(group A), hypertonic saline followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent(group B) or Dispase Ⅱ followed by Triton X-100(group C), the resulting ADM were sectioned, and then were stained by special immunohistochemistry method. The cytotoxicity of them were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry and then cell compatibility was analyzed by cell culture;The optimized ADM resulted was choosen for use. Fibrablasts(FBs)were transfected with adenovirus vector encoding green fluorescent protein gene(Ad-GFP)and the growth of them on the optimized ADM was observed by fluorescent microscopy. Results Collagen and elastic fibers can still be observed in three kinds of ADM. The cells in dermis can be disintegrated both in group A and C, but not in group B. The cytotoxicity scores of the ADM prepared in group A and B were grade 0 or grade 1, while that of group C was more than grade 1.The ADM prepared by NaCl-NaOH maceration had good biocompatibility. There was statistical difference in adhering number of NIH3T3 cells in group A and B. NIH3T3 cells grew well in group A and the resulted ADM was optimized. FBs transfected with Ad-GFP grew well in the optimized ADM. Conclusion The ADM prepared by NaCl-NaOH maceration was a good tissue engineering biomaterial with a little cytotoxicity and rich in resouce.

In the macrocosmic perspective,the development trend of the rights and obligations of doctors and patients is regarded as changes in the healthcare mode.In the microcosmic perspective,it is regarded as a clarification and emphasis of the informed consent of the patients as required by laws and regulations.However,medical workers tend to neglect their obligation of informing the patients of the medical expenses to be paid out of their own pocket.In this consideration,informing the patients in writing of their self-payment in medical expenses is obligatory and important,i.e,the self-payment agreement is highly important in clinical work.This paper analyzed the legal at-tributes of self-payment agreement in the aspects of both the informed consent and the signing of the medical service contract,with discussions of the tining of signature,in the hope of inspiring and helping medical workers in their clinical practice.

This paper identified misunderstandings of the measures taken in China to overcome the problems incurred by off-label uses (namely reliance on drug makers to modify their medicine specifications,on medical institutions to enhance their regulation and management of off-label uses,and on informed consent to avoid risks).Based on such findings,the paper named defects found with such measures,and puts forward feasible ideas and methods to make such off-label uses legitimate and reasonable.These include clarification of the legal status of the medicine specifications,encouraging authoritative guidance for off-label uses,and determining the subject of evaluation to approve the off-label uses as reasonable.Such efforts aim at helping off-label uses out of the legal difficulties.

A variety of views and approaches were found in the appraisal and judgments of the people's courts in various provinces and cities,on medical disputes involving absence of a hand or foot of newborns,which result in different or event contradictory court decisions.This study made an analysis of the characteristics,nature,and classification of such cases as well as countermeasures of medical institutions,with recommendations on rational and appropriate handling of such cases,for the purposes of legitimate rights maintenance of both doctors and patients,and promotion of mutual understanding between the two parities,and establishment of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

ObjectiveTo observe the functional recovery of shoulder joint and the reduction of posterior dislocated humeral head in children with shoulder joint internal rotation contracture and humeral head posterior dislocation secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy treated by a modified surgical procedure through the anterior combined posterior approach of the shoulder. MethodsNinteen patients,ranging in age from 2.5 to 8.5 years (average 5 years),suffered posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint secondary to internal rotation contracture in brachial plexus birth palsy. The gleno-humeral joint deformity was confirmed by X-ray and CT examination and classified as type Ⅳ in 15 eases and typeⅤin 4 cases according to the modified water's criteria.The surgical procedure was as follows:the contracture soft tissue around the anterior of shoulder joint was released firstly through the anterior approach, and the posterior-inferior capsule of the shoulder was exposed and separated with the pseudoglenoid through the posterior approach,the humeral head was reduced by external rotation the arm,then the posterior-inferior capsule was retighten.A plaster cast was used to fix the shoulder at the neutral position of 0° for 4 weeks. ResultsAfter 12 to 36 months follow up(average of 20 months), the Mallet score of the shoulder was from 11.4 ± 1.7 (range 7-16)preoperative to 15.5 ± 1.8(range 13-19) postoperative,the difference was significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The central relocation of humeral head was achieved in 16 patients, but the humeral head was still dislocated to posterior in 3 cases.ConclusionsThe posterior-inferior capsule was separated with the pseudo-glenoid and retighten through the posterior approach,and reduction of the humeral head by soft tissue releaseing through the anterior approach can recover the concentric relationship of gleno-humeral joint and improve the function of shoulder joint with posterior dislocation secondary to internal rotated contracture deformity in brachial plexus birth palsy.

By software and signal analysis,visualization of medical NMR signals becomes possible.The T1,T2 resonance frequency value reflecting human tissue characteristics,and the FID,echo wave as well as other curves reflecting the intensity of signals,can contribute a lot to the teaching of the applied analysis of clinical NMR and MRI principles.