How to select and organize the content of course is an important component in curriculum reform. The special part for medicine in medical physics has characteristics of medical college, and is essential. The integration of this part is difficulty in curriculum reform of medical physics. In detail, the corresponding part of physics for medicine is integrated into a topic, which followed the part of classical physics. We adopted the method of special-topic teaching. Based on teaching experiences and in combination with the practical condition of the medical college, this paper selects and recombines some course content for medicine from medical physics, which is adopted by five-year medical students. Furthermore, some teaching requirement and guidance suggestion are presented.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drainage blood autotransfusion after total knee or hip arthroplasty.[Methods]Drainage blood in the first 6 hours postoperation was collected and reinfused using the ContavacTM CBCⅡ system in 30 patients taken total knee or hip arthroplasty.The efficacy was evaluated basing on the amount of the allogenic transfusion,the decreasing of the hemoglobin level and the morphology of the red blood cells in the drainage blood.The safety was evaluated basing on whether the patients had autotransfusion complications including fever,hemolytic reaction,coagulation disorders,pulmonary embolism and systemic infection.[Results]The volumes of total blood drainage,autotransfusion and allogenic transfusion were(946?433)ml,(622?313)ml and(233?348)ml,respectively.The average hemoglobin level of drainage blood was 99.67g/L and no apparente haemolysis happened.However,the hemoglobin level significantly decreased after operation in the peripheral blood.Only one rheumatoid arthritis patient had an abnormal fever during autotransfusion process,no other complication was observed.[Conclusion]Drainage blood in the first 6 hours postoperation is valid blood content.Drainage blood autotransfusion is an effective and safe way to slow down the hemoglobin reduction and reduce allogenic blood transfusion in patients being treated with total knee or hip arthroplasty.

This paper deals with the program for the course content concordance of medical physics for the five-year medical students based on the course theory,in combination with the practical condition of the medical college,and by means of the study of course theory,course objectives and the textbook.

Objective To observe the changes of PECAM-1,Bcl-2 and Bax expressed by ischemic cerebrum of adult rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were made by operation with Longa suture method in Wistar rats. The expression levels of PECAM-1,Bcl-2 and Bax at the 6th,12th,18th,24th,48th,72nd hour after MCAO were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Results The expression levels of PECAM-1,Bcl-2 and Bax in cerebrum were significantly increased after MCAO. The expression levels of Bcl-2 we、re up to the peak at the 12th hour after MCAO, while the levels of Bax and PECAM-1 were up to the peak at the 24th and 48th hour after MCAO. At the 72nd hour after MCAO, the expression levels of PECAM.1.Bcl-2 and Bax were still higher than that in the control group(all P＜0.001).Conclusions PECAM-1,Bcl-2 and Bax participate in the different pathological stages of focal cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the surgical approach of Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.Methods A total of 148 cases with Siewert Ⅱ,Ⅲ type patients were prospectively studied.The patients were divided into two groups,including transthoracic approach group (58 cases) and transabdominal approach group(90 cases).The results of surgery were compared.Patients were followed up for 2 years and survival rate were compared.Results In transthoracic approach group and transabdominal approach group,operative time ((329.5 ± 84.3) min vs.(202.4± 84.5) min,t =15.431,P ＜ 0.001),the positive rate margin stump (8.62％ vs.1.11％,x2 =5.763,P =0.012),pleural effusion (13.79％ vs.2.22％,x2 =10.462,P ＜0.001) and pulmonary infection rate (15.52％ vs 1.11％,x2 =12.574,P＜ 0.001) were significantly higher than transabdominal approach group,and number of lymph node dissection ((16.7 ± 4.3) vs.(22.6± 5.5),t =6.321,P =0.004) was significantly less than transabdominal approach group.In incidence of blood loss,tumor diameter,anastomotic leakage (or bleeding) and discharge time,there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).One-year survival rate of transthoracic approach group was 73.24％,and 2-year survival rate was 53.43％.Oneyear survival rate of transabdominal approach group was 78.42％,and 2-year survival rate was 57.51％.Survival rate of two groups showed no significant difference (P =0.453,0.311).Conclusion Transabdominal surgical approach in Siewert Ⅱ,Ⅲ patients is better than transthoracic approach,can better carry out abdominal lymph node dissection,does not destroy the integrity of the chest,and avoid the occurrence of related complications.

In order to study the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group, chronic hypoxic group and hypoxia plus L-arginine (L-Arg) group. The animal model of HPH was developed. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by inserting a microcatheter into the pulmonary artery. The HIF-1alpha mRNA expression levels were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and semiquantitative RT-PCR. It was found that after 14 days hypoxia, the mPAP in normoxic control group (17.6 +/- 2.7 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was significantly lower than that in chronic hypoxic group (35.8 +/- 6.1 mmHg, t=0.2918, P<0.05) and mPAP in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that in hypoxia plus L-arginine group (24.4 +/- 3.8 mmHg, t=0.2563, P<0.05). ISH showed that the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA in the intraacinar pulmonary arteriolae (IAPA) in normoxic control group (0.1076 +/- 0.0205) was markedly weaker than that in chronic hypoxic group (0.3317 +/- 0.0683, t=3.125, P<0.05) and that in chronic hypoxic group was stronger than that in hypoxia plus L-arginine group (0.1928 +/- 0.0381, t=2.844, P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the content of HIF-1alpha mRNA in chronic hypoxic group (2.5395 +/- 0.6449) was 2.16 times and 1.75 times higher than that in normoxic control group (1.1781 +/- 0.3628) and hypoxia plus L-arginine group (1.4511 +/- 0.3981), respectively. It is concluded that NO can reduce the mPAP by the inhibition of the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA, which may be one of the mechanisms through which NO affects the pathogenesis of HPH.
Anoxia/metabolism ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Nitric Oxide/*pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis ; Transcription Factors/genetics

Neurocytoma, a rare brain tumor, is characterized by a mass located mainly in cerebral ventricles. It is prone to be misdiagnosed as oligodendroglioma or ependymoma due to their similar histopathological features in clinical practice. This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of central and extraventricular neurocytoma. The clinical and histopathological data of 17 patients (male: female=7:10; age: 4-41 years; mean age: 27.4 years) with central or extraventricular neurocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. These patients showed typical radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of neurocytoma. The tumor tissue was found to be composed of small uniform cells with round nuclei and clear cytoplasm resembling that of oligodendroglioma and ependymoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the tumor tissues were positive for neuronal markers such as synaptophysin (SYN) and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). It was concluded histopathological features of neurocytoma overlaps with some tumors in the central neural system. Immunopositivity for SYN and NeuN can help differentially diagnose neurocytoma.

The distributioa of Se in Hb and the effects of Se intake and its chemical forms oil the distribution were studied. The results showed that Se in human Hb was all located in globin and divided equally in a and ? chains. However, a part of Se could fall from Hb during the process of isolation when more Se as SeMet was taken and "excess" Se appeared in Hb. It was implicated that there were at least two kinds of linkage between Se and Hb --tight and loose.Regarding the components of amino acid in ? and ? chains, we assumed that a tight linkage between Se and Hb was in the form of SeMet, which was incorporated into Hb by dietary Se during the synthesis of Hb; the loose linkage was formed by a part of "excess" Se and CyS, especially No.93 CyS in ? chain, being unstable sclcnotrisulf ide or selenopersulfide, which broke easily by reduction during isolation. They might be utilized first by human body when Se was required.

0.05). The production of TNF-? in LPS group was higher than that in control group (61 ng/L vs 156 ng/L, q=5.12, P

Objective To investigate the occurrence, prevention and management of surgical complication of contralateral C7 nerve root transfer through the prespinal route to repair the brachial plexus nerve root avulsion injury. Methods From Feb. 2002 to Aug. 2009, 425 patients were performed the contralateral C7 nerve root transfer through the prespinal route with this procedure. There were 379 males and 46 females,with the average age of 21 years (range, 3 months to 56 years). The contralateral C7 nerve root was sectioned at the distal of the middle trunk in 15 cases, at the distal of the anterior and posterior division in 410 patients. The surgical complications related to the health C7 nerve root section and the make of tunnel through the prespinal route and others were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence rate of complication was 5.2%(22/425). The surgical complications related to the make of prespinal route including 2 cases had the severe bleeding during the operation because of vertebral artery injury; transitory laryrecurrent nerve palsy occurred in 5 cases, the pain and numbness occurred on the donor upper limber in 4 cases when the patients swallowed. The complications related to the section of contralateral C7 nerve root including the extension of finger and thumb was dysfunction in 5 patients after the operation, 3 cases had the severely pain on the health upper limber, Horner's sign occurred on donor side in 2 children suffered birth palsy, and C6 nerve root was mistaken sectioned as C7 in 1 case. Other serious perioperative complication including the thromboses of the cerebral trunk occurred in 1 case 42 hours postoperative and died in hospital 38 days after the operation. Conclusion The procedure of contralateral C7 nerve root transfer through the prespinal route is safe. The effective method to prevent this complication occurrence is to expose the origin segment of vertebral artery when making prespinal route.