OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status about fungal infections in hospital and to provide the evidence to clinical treatment by identification,and susceptibility test for 62 strains of fungal infection in target population.METHODS The positive sample of blood culture was detected by Bio-Merieux Bact/Alert 3D fully automated microbial detect system,and the fungus identified by Bio-Merieux API 20C Aux yeast system,VITEK identification system,or YBC identification card.The susceptibility test perform by ATB Fungus 2 INT tip.The fungal strains were cultured with Sabouraud medium.RESULTS Among the 62 fungal strains,61 were Candida which accounted for 88.7%,from them C.albicans was predominan,accounted for 35.5%.Susceptibility rate to fluconazole,amphotericin B,itraconazole and flucytosine was 91.0%,100.0%,91.0%,and 100.0%.The distribution of fungi was higher in ICU accounted for 50.0% than in other wards.CONCLUSIONS The rate of the Candida especially C.albicans infection is increasing in Beijing Hospital.The result of susceptibility test showed that the fungi are good susceptibe to antifungal drugs.Highly resistant strain is rare,therefore,the clinics should choose the appropriate antifungal agents and minimize the incidents of resistance of fungal infections according to the culture and in vitro susceptibility of fungus.

[Objective]This paper summarizes the latest literature,which can offer more choices for making liposome drug.[Methods]This article summarizes the application of liposomes in al aspects and new preparation methods and modification methods and their respective advantages. [Results]Liposome as a new type of drug carrier,which has similarity with biological membrane,has many good qualities and changes the traditional way to give medicine. [Con-clusion]Liposome has the broad application after nearly forty years of research.

Objective To investigate the influences of age and sex on the expression of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and its titer level.Methods The serum ANA in 993 people aged 60 years and over were detected and titer of positive serum were analyzed. They were divided into different groups according to age and sex. Two hundred healthy cases aged less than 60 years were collected as control group. Results The serum ANA positive rate was increased with age and it was significantly higher in people aged 60 years and over than aged less than 60 years (29. 1% vs. 14.0%, x2=5. 074, P=0. 025). The serum ANA positive rates were 24.1%, 30. 5% and 33.6% in people aged 60-69 group, aged 70-79 group and aged above 80 group. Among people aged 60 years and over, the positive rate was 35.8% in female group, which was higher than in male group (22. 4%) (x2= 21. 179, P=0. 05). The titre levels of the positive samples were increased with age. In control group, the samples with 1 : 100 titre was 57.1% among the positive samples, which was higher than in the elderly group (36. 3%). And in control group, the samples with 1 : 3200 titre was 0 among the positive samples, which was lower than in the elderly people group (7.6%). The ANA preliminary screening in people aged 60 years and over showed that the titre level was less than 1 : 320-1: 1000 in female and less than 1 : 100-1: 320 in male. Its specificity could be up to about 90%. Conclusions The serum ANA positive rate in people aged 60 years and over is affected by age and sex. The positive rate is higher in female than in male and it is increased with age. It suggests that 1 : 320 to 1 : 1000 could be taken as ANA preliminary screening critical value in female and 1 : 100 to 1 : 320 in male.

Objective To explore the application value of uric indicant monitoring on patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods 9 6 health examination people were selected who with glucose tolerance impairment diagnosis standard population in Jan to Feb 2015 in LaiZhou,There were no significant differences in age and sex composition between the two groups in 48 cases of experimental group and 48 cases in control group.There were no other diseases,and no drugs were taken to con-trol blood glucose.IGT patients in the experimental group using uric indican monitoring to establish personal diet guide, while the control group used normal health education guidance,the two groups respectively before experiment and at the end of detecting urinary indican,fasting blood glucose,2h glucose tolerance levels,and were compared.Results According to the findings of the two groups follow up and the experimental data collected during one year,at the end of the experiment the IGT patients in the experimental group levels of urinary indicant was (50.7±6.2 mg/L vs 78.5±7.9 mg/L),fasting blood glucose was (6.34±0.11 mmol/L vs 6.91±0.29 mmol/L),2h glucose tolerance was (7.81 ± 0.52 mmol/L vs 9.57 ± 1.13 mmol/L)which was lower than the control group.There was significant difference between two groups (t=2.0,2.6, 3.06,P<0.05).Compared with IGT in the experimental group at the end of the experiment,the level of uric indican was (50.7±6.2 mg/L vs 78.3±8.1 mg/L),fasting glucose was (6.34±0.11 mmol/L vs 6.78±0.19 mmol/L),2h glucose tol-erance was (7.81±0.52 mmol/L vs 9.33±0.93 mmol/L)was lower than before the start of the level (t=2.01,2.28, 2.83,P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.In terms of the outcome of the various stages of diabetes, IGT patients in the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (χ2=10.85,P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Through the determination of uric indican to guide the glucose tolerance decrease in patients with a reasonable diet,is conducive to glucose tolerance in the patients with impaired on blood glucose control,can effectively reduce the glucose tolerance decrease (IGT)conversion to diabetes mellitus (DM),change to a positive direction.

Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between the esophageal length of the adult Chinese people and their height, sitting height, sex or age. Methods The length from the upper end of esophagus to the dentate line of the cardia was measured by watching esophageal cavity with endoscope. A total of 613 cases (378 males and 235 females) were studied. Results ① The average length of esophagus was (24.8?2.1)cm for male and (22.8?1.9)cm for female. The difference between male and female was statistically significant (P

Objective To study the differences in levels of plasma cytokine profiles including interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between healthy controls and people with smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors at different ages,and to investigate the correlation of plasma cytokine profiles with age,smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors.Methods The concentrations of IL-6,IL-10,TNF-alpha and CRP in 350 healthy volunteers,60 cigarette smokers and 65 people with smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors were detected by ELISA.All subjects were grouped by age,gender,smoking and alcohol drinking behavior.The differences in the levels of plasma cytokine profiles among groups were analyzed by statistics software SPSS18.0.Results The concentrations of IL-6 and CRP in 25-39years,40-49 years,50-59 years and over 60 years groups were (1.1±0.7) ng/L,(1.5±0.1) ng/L,(1.7±0.2) ng/L,(2.1±0.1) ng/L and (3.1±1.0) mg/L,(4.4±±0.6) mg/L,(6.2±1.7) mg/L,(8.0±0.8) mg/L,respectively.The concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were significantly increased with age (F=1.60,7.50,P=0.012,0.043),while the concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-alpha were not correlated with age (F=4.20,4.80,P=0.178,0.421).There were no significant differences in the concentrations of IL-6,IL-10,TNF alpha and CRP between males and females (P＞0.05).The plasma CRP level was higher in smoking group than in control group [(6.8±0.6) mg/L vs.(3.1± 0.4) mg/L] and was highest in smoking-alcohol group [(9.5±0.5) mg/L vs.(6.8±0.6) mg/L,(3.1±0.4) mg/L,F=8.40,P=0.046].Compared with the control group,IL-6 level was increased and IL-10 level was decreased in smoking group and smoking-alcohol group.There were no significant differences in levels of IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-a among the three groups (F=2.90,4.30,4.80,P=0.089,0.672,1.231).Conclusions The plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP are significantly increased with age,but the plasma levels of IL-10 and TNF-a have no correlations with age.The plasma levels of IL-6,IL-10,TNF-a and CRP are not affected by gender.CRP level is significantly influenced by smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors,which should be taken into consideration to establish the reference values.

Patients with advanced lung cancer should be given proper hospice care .Doctors should not only practice protective medicine on the foundation of laws and regulations , informing the patients about their conditions tactfully , but also try their best to provide the patients with optimal therapeutic strategies , taking the patient's physi-cal tolerance, economy, etc.into account and achieving the goal of humanized and individualized therapy .Mean-while, the construction of professional medical -nursing institution is in urgent need .Only providing general nurs-ing in multiple aspects of illness , mental health , social functions , can we relieve the pain both physically and men-tally, and improve the patient's quality of their terminal times .

Objective To obtain highly purified astrocytes and identify the cells in each stage to support further studies.Methods The cerebral cortex of a neonatal SD rat was isolated and prepared into single cell suspension.The obtained cells were purified by differential adherence and shook at a constant temperature.By inverted phase contrast microscopy and HE staining,cell morphology was observed.The immunofluorescence staining with anti-mouse GFAP was used to identify the cells.Results The primary cortical cells developed rapidly at 3 d after culture and covered the flasks at 9-12 d.At this time,the cells showed stratification and the astrocytes lay at the lower layer.GFAP positive rate was only about (67.2 ±7.1)%.After the first passage,GFAP positive rate increased obviously (84.0±6.0)%. However, oligodendrocytes and microglias could not be removed completely,and the cells also showed stratification.Through 3 times of passages,we obtained many single species of astrocytes showing satellite shape with 2 or 3 processes,big cell body and round or oval-shaped nuclei leaned to one side.Immunofluorescence staining showed that nearly all of the cells were strong positive and the positive rate reached as high as (97.6 ± 2.4 )%.Conclusion Through differential adherence and shaking at a constant temperature,more astrocytes of high purity and in good state can be obtained.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of salidroside (sal) on the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspases-3 proteins in cultured rat subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cells (NSCs) exposed to hypoxia injury.

METHODSPrimarily cultured SVZ NSCs from adult SD rats were incubated with salidroside (120 and 240 µmol/L) for 24 h prior to exposure to hypoxia. The cell viability was assessed with MTT assay, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in the cells.

RESULTSSalidroside pretreatment of the cells for 24 h resulted in an obvious resistance to hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and decrement of cell viability (P<0.05). Salidroside also antagonized the effect of hypoxia exposure in lowering Bcl-2/Bax ratio apoptosis of rat neural stem cells and decreased the expression of caspases-3 protein (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside can significantly resist hypoxia-induced. The neuroprotective effect of salidroside may be related to the modulation of expressions of apoptosis-related proteins.

Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Neural Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between behavioral changes and cell proliferation in subventricular zone (SVZ) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in adult rats. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a behavioral test group (n = 19) and a bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) immunohistochemical staining group (n = 21). ICH was induced by stereotactial injection of collagenase type VII into straitum. Proliferating cells were labeled by injection intrapenitoneally of bromodeoxyuridine in a pulse protocal. Rats were killed on day 2, 7, 14, and 28 after the ICH. Behavioral test and bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical staining were performed.Behavioral change was tested by forelimb placing test, Berderson's grade and corner turn test in rats. Cell counting of bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactive cells in SVZ was performed. RESULTS: There were marked neurological deficits by day 2 after the ICH, with progressive recovery of function over 4 weeks. A significant increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactive cells in the ipsilateral and cortralateral SVZ was observed from 2 to 14 days with a peak at day 7 after the ICH compared with the sham group.The bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactive cells decreased to control level 28 days after the ICH. CONCLUSION Proliferation of cells in SVZ corresponds well with behavioral recovery after the ICH, which indicates SVZ cells may be involved in the repairing process after the ICH.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebral Ventricles ; pathology ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley