Aortic Valve Stenosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Child ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Coronary Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

Background Minocycline possesses neuroprotective effect in a variety of animal models and clinical trials of central nervous system,but whether it works on optic nerve injury remains unclear.Objective This study aimed to observe the protective effects of minocycline on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the early stage of optic nerve crush and explore its mechanism.Methods One hundred and thirty-six clean C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group,normal saline solution group and minocycline group.The optic nerve crush injury models were induced in the left eyes of the mice in the normal saline solution group and minocycline group by a cross-action forceps for 3 seconds.Minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in the minocycline group firstly 45 mg/kg(0.4 ml) and followed by 22.5 mg/kg per day after 24 hours until sacrifice of the animals,and the equivalent volume of normal saline solution was injected in the same way in the normal saline solution group.The mice were euthanized at 4,7,11,14 days postoperatively and the left eyeballs were collected.Retinal flat mounts and DAPI staining was used to observe and compare the change of RGCs density among different groups and various time points.Apoptosis of mice RGCs were assessed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to detect the expression of CD11b mRNA in retinal microglials.Results DAPI staining in retinal flat mounts showed that the average RGCs density was (77.50±2.38)/0.01 mm2 and (70.00±2.94) /0.01 mm2 in the 4th and 7th day after modeling in the normal saline solution group,and those in the minocycline group were (88.75 ± 2.36) /0.01 mm2 and (81.00 ± 3.92)/0.01 mm2,with significant differences between the two groups (t4d =-6.708,P＜0.01 ;t7d =--4.491,P＜0.01).The apoptotic RGCs were (12±1)/mm and (4±1)/mm in the normal saline solution,which were significantly more than (4±1)/mm and (1±0)/mm in the minocycline group (t4 d =12.832,P＜0.01 ; t7d =3.455,P =0.026).However,no significant difference was found in apoptotic RGCs in postoperative 11 days and 14 days between the normal saline solution group and the minocycline group (P =0.708,0.777).The expressing levels of CD11 b mRNA in the retinal microglials were significantly higher in the 4th and 7th day in the normal saline solution group than those in the minocycline group (t4 d =8.312,P＜0.01 ;t7d=5.407,P＜0.01),but were not significantly different in the 11st and 14th day after modeling between the two groups (P=0.055,0.170).Conclusions Minocycline can play a neuroprotective effect on RGCs in the early stage of optic nerve crush in mice by inhibiting microglia activation and decreasing RGCs apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate clinical curative effect of levosimendan therapy on patients with refractory heart failure.Methods A total of 84 patients with refractory heart failure were randomly and equally divided into le-vosimendan group and routine treatment group.Both groups received routine antiheart failure medication,levosimendan group received levosimendan therapy while routine treatment received milrinone injection therapy additionally.Changes of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and plasma level of N terminal pro type B natriuretic peptide(NT -proB-NP)were compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant increase in total effective rate of LVEF[(0.36 ±0.18)% vs.(0.42 ±0.36)%],and in NT -proBNP[(975.14 ±247.01)ng/mL vs.(832.14 ±224.78)ng/mL].The effect before and after treatment of levosi-mendan group were more obviously (NT -proBNP:t =2.3 -230.2,P <0.02;LVEF:t =2.29 -215.2,P <0.01). Conclusion Levosimendan can significantly improve heart function,decrease NT -proBNP level in patients with re-fractory heart failure.

Objective To explore the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The literature about HRT in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were searched.Eleven papers were subjected to a Meta-analysis and a heterogeneity test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of HRT.Results HRT reduced the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in RA patients (P=0.016),the SMD was-0.22(-0.40,-0.04); improved bone mineral density (BMD) in RA patients (P=0.022),the WMD was 2.83(0.41,5.26); decreased clinical parameters for disease activity evaluations of RA patients (P=0.048),the SMD was-0.19 (-0.38,0.00); decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients,the SMD was-0.08 (-0.37,0.21),but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.591).Conclusion The findings from this Meta-analysis indicate that HRT can reduce the ESR level,improve clinical indexes and improve BMD level of RA patients.HRT may suppress disease activity and osteoporosis of RA patients,so it may be used as an auxiliary therapy in the treatment of RA.

To study the influence of the compatibility of ophiopogonis tuber and Chinese magnoliavine fruit with gastrodia rhizome on the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rat, three dosages of compound Tianma granule extract (equivalent to gastrodin 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) and one dosage of Tianma extract (equivalent to gastrodin 100 mg x kg(-1) were administered to rats by intragastric administration separately. Plasma samples were collected at different times and treated with methanol and acetonitrile to precipitate protein. The contents of gastrodin in plasma were determined by HPLC method. The mean plasma concentration-time curves of different medication administration teams were processed with WinNonlin 5.2.1 pharmacokinetic software. The pharmacokinetic parameters of different medication administration teams were analyzed with SPSS statistics 17.0 software. The results indicated that the in vivo kinetic process of gastrodin was fitted to first-order absorption un-compartment model at low, middle dosages and zero-order absorption un-compartment model at high dosage of compound Tianma granule extract. By comparison with the pharmacokinetic parameters of gastrodin (100 mg x kg(-1)) in Tianma extract, the significant decrease for Cmax and significant increase for MRT0-infinity in compound Tianma granule extract indicated that the compatibility of ophiopogonis tuber and Chinese magnoliavine fruit with Gastrodia rhizome can delay the absorption, reduce the elimination rate and prolong the action time of gastrodin in vivo.

Prognostic factors of differentiated thyroid carcinomas ( DTC ) were analyzed and the related literatures were systematically reviewed in order to justify the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for improving the patient′s survival.150 patients ( female,n =113 ; male,n =37 ) with histopathologically diagnosed DTC,including papillary thyroid carcinoma ( n =131,87.3％ ) and follicular thyroid carcinoma ( n =19,12.7％ ),were postoperatively followed up and their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were followed up for 4.15-31 years wherein 140 patients( 93.3％ ) survived but with relapse in 30 patients( 20.0％ ),and 10 patients( 6.7％ ) died.Surgical procedures consisted of near-total or subtotal thyroidectomy ( n =83,55.3％ ),partial thyroidectomy ( n =64,42.7％ ),and total thyroidectomy ( n =3,2.0％ ).Out of the patients receiving lymph node dissection ( n =63 ),45 patients( 71.4％ ) had detectable lymph node metastasis.Age of onset,tumor size at initial visit,and early metastasis showed the statistically significant difference between mortality group and survival group (P＜ 0.05 ),as well as between relapse group and relapse-free group( P＜0.05 ).Age of onset,tumor size at initial visit,and early metastasis are prognostic factors for DTC.

Objective To discuss the cognition of the nursing disputes in undergraduates and the college nursing students in internship in Changchun and to provide some basis for them to improve the nursing quality in clinic.Methods The investigation was carried out to survey the cognition of the nursing disputes in 266 undergraduates and the college nursing students in internship in Changchun,and the results underwent analysis.Results Most undergraduates and college nursing students held the opinion that at present the relationship between patients and nurses was on a tight rope.94 people accounting for 72.3％ in undergraduate students,89 people accounting for 65.4％ in the college nursing students.Relevant factors which caused nursing disputes were related with the different education backgrounds.Conclusions We should make clear the causes of nursing disputes,and put forward the corresponding proposals according to nursing students with different education degrees.

A poly( GMA-EGDMA) coated SPME fiber was prepared using an in-situ polymerization by direct bonding to the surface of a polydopamine-modified stainless steel wire. Then the fiber was modified by sulfuric acid. A novel solid phase microextraction coating coupled to high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) method based on the as-prepared fiber was developed for the determination of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products ( PPCPs) in water samples. The influences of extraction parameters, including pH, extraction time, extraction temperature and salt addition were investigated. 3 mL water sample was extracted by the as-prepared fiber for 60 min at 30 ℃, and then desorbed with mobile phase for 30 min, respectively. Desorption solution was analyzed by HPLC-DAD ( diode array detection ) . The results indicated that the extraction yield of the fiber was good for four PPCPs. The linear correlation coefficients were>0. 997 with the linear range of 2-200 μg/L. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0. 5-5 μg/L with RSD (n=5) of 4. 1%-11. 9%. The recoveries of four PPCPs at spiked level of 20, 50, 100 μg/L were within the range of 70. 6%-105. 5%. The results showed that this method was easy, green, accurate and precise, and could be used to assay the four PPCPs in real water samples.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between the polysomnographic findings and the degree of obstruction caused by adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy in children with clinical history of apnea. Method: Retrospectively studied the children who were diagnozed clinically of, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and underwented polysomnograph and endoscopy. Patients were divided nto OSAHS and non-OSAHS group according to polysomnographic findings. Result: Ninty-four children were involved in the study population, and 63 children of them were male. The mean age of the children at the time of inclusion in the study was 6.7 years. 36 children(38.3%) diagnosed OSAHS clinically had normal polysomnographic findings. No differences were found between children with PSG-documented OSAHS and others. Tonsillar and/or adenoid hypertrophy were not correlated to more severe apnea among enrolled children. Conclusion-There was no significant correlation between polysomnographic and clinical findings in children with OSAHS.

Objective To assecess the role of CT in the diagnosis and the reasons of misdiagnosis of biliary duct carcinoma.Methods 23 cases with biliary duct carcinoma pathologically comfirmed were reviewed.Results 2 cases were peripheral type,10 cases were major intrahepatic biliary duct type,7 cases were extrahepatic type and 4 cases ampullar type.The masses within biliary duct were showed by CT in 16 cases.The obstruction of biliary duct was cut off abruptly in 18 cases and narrowing sharply in 5 cases.The intrahepatic biliary duct indicated mild or marked expansion,of them,17 cases were showed as vine and 6 as segmental.The extrahepatic biliary duct were dilated in 11 and gallbladder dilatation in 7.4 cases were misdiagnosed and leaked diagnosis was in one cases by CT preoperation.Conclusion CT is valuable in diagnosis of biliary duct carcinoma,but it still has some limitations.