Objective To study the expression of HDAC2 in lung of smoke cessation and smoking cessation rats,Methods Forty SD rats were divided into five groups randomly:normal control group (group A),1-month smoking group (group B,),2-month smoking group (group C),1-month smokingcessation group(group D),2-month smoking-cessation group(group E).Group B rats were exposured to cigarettes for 1 month,C,D,E were exposured to cigarettes for 2 months.At 1 month,group B were sacrificed,at 2 month,group C were sacrificed,group D was smoking cessation for 1 month and group E for 2 months.Pathomorphological changes of the small airway were analyzed,and then study the HDAC2 in rats'lung tissue.Results Compared with group A,the levels of HDAC2 in group B,group C,group D,group E were decreased (P ＜ 0.01),but smoking groups levels were lower than smoking-cessation groups.In smoking groups,group C was lower than group B.In smoking-cessation groups,group D was lower than group E.Conclusion It shows that the levels of HDAC2 in rats' lung tissue decrease after smoking exposure.It can recrease after quitting,but still cant back to normal.

Objective To investigate the selection of the types of anastomosis of bilioenterostomy and evaluate the therapeutic effects.Methods From 1990 to 2000,536 patients with obstructive jaundice underwent bilioenterostomy in our hospital.The patients included 279 cases(52%) of hilar strictures with hepatolithiasis,108 cases(20%) of end stage periampullary tumors,96 cases(17%) of proximal cholangiocarcinoma and 53 cases(12%) of congenital choledochus cyst.The types of anastomosis included extra or hilar hepatic bilioenterostomy in 302 cases(56%),intra hepatic duct anastomosis with different type of hepatectomy in 222 cases(42%),of which 44 cases(8%) were anastomosed by roud ligament approch,27 cases(5%) through gallbladder fossa.Results The short term and 1～9 years long term follow up indicated that the jaundice of different patients can be completed relieved by suitable type of bilioenterostomy.Conclusions The good therapeutic effects of bilioenterostomy come from the correct selection of the anastomosis methods.

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs in children and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods Clinical data from 16 patients with primary small vessel vasculitis were collected and their pathological,antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA),pulmonary lesion manifestations,image and misdiagnosis were further analyzed.Results Among 16 cases,9 cases were microscopic polyarateritis(MPA) and 4 cases were Wegeners granulomatosis(WG) and 3 cases were Churg-Strause syndrome(CSS).The ages of onset were from 3 to 14 years old with average age of 7.5 years old.Seventy-five percent(12/16) were ANCA positive.The patients with lung involvement had cough,chest pain,dyspnea,hemoptasis and asthma.Findings on lung X-ray films were variable.Some showed multiple patch shadows,others showed single or multiple masses or nodular shadows with or without cavity formation.After the treatments with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide,10 cases turned better;including 8 cases with normal on lung X-ray films.Three cases given up;3 cases died.Conclusion It is very difficult to make diagnosis of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs and should be paid more attentions to this issue.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective To established a bacteriemia model of BALB/c mice after infection with a ST-239 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain, which was isolated and identified from Shanghai Huashan Hospital. Methods We monitored the clinical signs and gross observations of MRSA-infected mice, and examined the histopathology among different groups. Results This isolated MRSA strain ST-239 can induced a typical bacteriemia in BALB/c mice, including the severe mortality and extensive histopathologic injury. However, higher survival rate and slight inflammatory injury were observed in vancomycin-treated mices. Conclusion The solid results obatined in this model will benefit us to study the pathogenic characteristics and patholgenesis in MRSA-induced bacteriemia, and propeled us to seek a safety cure approaches in the future.

Objective To compare the differences and characteristics of the dose distribution of the two optimization methods in the three dimensional brachytherapy,and provide the basis for clinieal treatment.Methods Excel 2007 was used to generate random number.And a total of 21 patients of cervical cancer were selected from those who have completed the treatment.Inverse simulated annealing optimization (IPSA) plans were designed for graphical optimization (GO) plans.The dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters of the targets (V100％,V150％) and the organs (D1 cm3,D2cm3) of the two methods were analyzed.Results The targets dose of both plans could meet the prescription requirements.There was no statistically significant difference in the dose parameters of all targets (P ＞ 0.05).The closes of D1 cm3 and D2cm3 in the bladder of IPSA plan were significantly lower than that of the GO plan (t =3.596,3.490,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the dose parameters of rectum (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions For cervix brachytherapy,the GO and IPSA have no effect on targets dose,but IPSA optimization can reduce the maximum dose of bladder.

Objective:To examine the expression and function of thrombonspondin-1 (TSP-1) in oxygen-induced retinopathy in new-born mice, and to investigate its role in retinal neovascularization. Methods:A total of 40 C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided equally into a model group (n=20)andanormalcontrolgroup(n=20).Miceinthemodelgroupwereexposedto75%oxygentoestablish the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. On the 7th, 9th, and 11th day after the birth of mice, 5 mice were randomly selected each time from the 2 groups to examine the expression of TSP-1 mRNA with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After that, 5 mice were selected on the 11th day to observe the retinal neovascularization by fluorescein angiography retinal flatmount. Results:On the 11th day, fluorescein angiography retinal flatmount showed that the retinal blood vessels presented mean network distribution in the normal control group, while in the model group, a lot of dilatated areas in the retinal main vessels surrounded the optic disc. Meanwhile lots of new blood vessels were found surrounding the optic disc with irregular distribution but well distributed peripherial retinal small vessels, which was typical of early stage OIR. There was no signiifcant difference in the retinal TSP-1 mRNA level between the model group and the normal control group in the postnatal 7-day mice (P>0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in the model group was signiifcantly lower in postnatal 9-day and 11-day mice (P<0.05, P<0.01) , and the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in postnatal 9-day mice was lower than that in the postnatal 11-day mice(P<0.05).
Conclusion:In the early stage of OIR model (retinal vascular growth and development stage), the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in the retinal tissue is gradually decreased, implying that TSP-1 (as a negative regulatory factor) may be involved in the formation of retinal neovascularization in the early stage.

Objective To express human inducible eostimulator (ICOS) extracellular region and IgG Fc fusion protein, and analyze their function in allogenie lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Methods Human ICOS extraeellular region and IgG Fc fragment were cloned into a soluble expression vector. ICOS-Ig fusion protein was expressed and purified in CHO cells. To monitor primary MLR, Balb/c spleen T cells were isolated as responder cells, and irradiated C57BL/6 spleen cells as stimulator cells. 50 μg/ml ICOS-Ig or IgG was added to primary MLR cultures. The cells responsive rates were detected by 3 H-TdR methods. ELISA tested supernatants for eytokines (IL-2,IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ). T cells of each group in primary MLR were cultured as responder cells for secondary MLR, and irradiated C57BL/6 (donor) or C3H (third party) spleen cells as stimulator cells. Similar indexes were detected in secondary MLR. Then vital dye CFSE was used to study alloreactive T cell proliferation in vivo. CFSE-labeled C57BL/6 spleen cells were transferred to irradiated Balb/c mice. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected with 0. 2 mg IgG, ICOS-Ig or CsA each day.At the 3rd day after transfection, the spleen cells of the mice were harvested to detect CD4+ CFSE+ and CD8+ CFSE+ by FACS. Results In primary MLR, ICOS-Ig inhibited allogenic T-cell proliferation with inhibition rate being (58 ± 8)% in 50 μg/ml, and increased IFN-γ secretion. In secondary MLR, ICOS-Ig specifically inhibited the proliferation of donor spleen cells with inhibition rate being (42±8)%, and in ICOS-Ig group the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were lower and the level of IFN-γ higher than in IgG group. However, ICOS-Ig didn't inhibit the proliferation of third-party spleen cells. In the CFSE dye assay, CFSE intensity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ICOS-Ig and CsA groups was stronger than that in control group (P < 0. 05), while CFSE intensity in combined treatment group were even stronger than that in ICOS-Ig and CsA groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion ICOS-Ig could inhibit allo-reactive T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and induce donor-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness specifically.

To observe the clinical outcome of implanting AcrySof lQ Toric intraocular lens to correct corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery, and to evaluate the result and rotational stability of AcrySof lQ Toric after cataract surgery.
●METHODS: A retrospective study of 26 eyes in 21 cataract patients with corneal astigmatism. All patients implanted AcrySof lQ Toric intraocular lens. The preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ), best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ), preoperative corneal astigmatism, anticipated residual astigmatism, total astigmatism, postoperative residual astigmatism and Toric lens axis were detected and measured.
●RESULTS: All patients' visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity improved significantly. The mean refractive cylinder decreased significantly after surgery from (2. 05± 0. 57)D to (0. 55±0. 33)D (t = 13. 574, P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between preoperative ( 0. 47 ± 0. 19)D and postoperative corneal astigmatism (t = 1. 149, P > 0. 05 ). Three months after surgery, there was no significant difference between preoperative (2. 01±0. 58)D and postoperative (-1. 89±0. 53) D corneal astigmatism (t =1. 908, P> 0. 05). The rotation of intraocular lens were <20°, the mean rotation was 3. 65°±2. 86°.
●CONCLUSlON: The AcrySof lQ Toric lens make cataract patients enjoy the better UCVA including good rotational stability in the correct of corneal astigmatism. The AcrySof lQ Toric implantation is an effective option for the correct of preexisting corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery.