OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of4major caffeine metabolites and to discuss the significance of which in the evaluation of the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2.METHODS:The caffeine metabolites in the urine like5-acetylamino-6-formamido-3-methyluric acid(AFMU),1-methyluric acid(1U),1-methylxanthine(1X)and1,7-dimethyluricacid(17U)were determined by RP-HPLC gradient elution method,the ratios of metabolins(AFMU+1X+1U)/17U was calculated,the frequency distribution histogram was drawn and the activity of CYP1A2was evaluated.RESULTS:The mean value of the ratio of the metabolins in the subjects was4.27,which was in normal distribution.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and rapid,which is suitable for the determination of caffeine metabolites in urine and the study of the activities of CYP1A2.

Adult ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; virology ; Male ; Nose Neoplasms ; virology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; virology

A 54-year-old female presented with indurated nodules and plaques on the left chest and back for 32 years.Skin examination showed little finger- to soybean-sized,slightly whitish indurated nodules with little mobility arising on skin-colored indurated plaques following Blaschko's lines on the left chest and back.The lesional skin was sclerotic and atrophic,and the lesions were distributed unilaterally.Serum levels of calcium,phosphate,alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were normal.Histopathological examination revealed fibrous scar with flake-like calcification.The diagnosis was idiopathic calcinosis cutis following Blaschko's lines.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between EGFR mutations and pulmonary tuberculosis in lung adenocarcino-ma. Methods:We detected EGFR mutations in 506 patients with lung adenocarcinoma by PCR amplification and sequencing and ana-lyzed the relationship between the mutations observed and pulmonary tuberculosis. Survival analysis was performed using the Ka-plan-Meier method with log-rank tests. Result:A total of 218 patients showed EGFR mutations;of these patients, 25 had a clinical his-tory of pulmonary tuberculosis. Compared with lung adenocarcinoma patients with no history of tuberculosis, patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis showed higher incidence rates of EGFR mutations, especially of exon 21 (P=0.047, P=0.002). Higher incidence rates of EGFR mutations, especially of exon 21, were observed in patients with lung cancer and tuberculosis in the same lobe or the same side of the lung than in those who had lung cancer and tuberculosis in opposite sides of the lung (P=0.02, P=0.03). Survival analy-sis showed that adenocarcinoma patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis have 2-year survival rates lower than that of adeno-carcinoma patients with no history of the disease (P=0.039). In patients adenocarcinoma associated with tuberculosis patients without EGFR-TKIs treatment, the 2-year survival rates of EGFR mutation patients and those without EGFR mutation showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.948). At the same time, we got the same results in adenocarcinoma associated with tuberculosis patients with EGFR-TKIs treatment (P=0.425). Conclusion:Lung adenocarcinoma patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis have high-er incidence rates of EGFR mutations, and EGFR mutations are not related to disease prognosis.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging new biomedical imaging technique integrated with the high spatial resolution of ultrasonic imaging and high contrast of optical imaging for real-time molecular imaging.PAI is well-suited for in vivo cellular/molecular signatures imaging in cancer diagnosis, therapy management and treatment response, with a promising potential in clinical and translational medicine.This review summarizes the current state of PAI application research on cancer theranostics, and gives insights on future translational medicine research.

Animals ; Cattle ; Chickens ; DNA ; genetics ; Dogs ; Genome ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; RNA ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Swine ; Yin-Yang

Objective To investigate the expressions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transcription factor forkhead box P3(FOXP3)in gallbladder adenocarcinoma; and to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of IDO and FOXP3 protein,and clinicopathology and lymph node metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The expressions of IDO and FOXP3 in 51 cases of primary gallbladder cancer,90 cases of chronic cholecystitis,and 20 cases of normal gallbladder tissues were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression rates of IDO and FOXP3 in gallbladder carcinoma were 72.5％ (37/51) and 60.8％ (31/51),in normal gallbladder mucosa were 5％ (1/20) and 20.0％ (4/20),in cholecystitis and gallstone were 11.1％ (10/90) and 32.2％ (29/90),respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＜0.01).The positive expression rates of IDO and FOXP3 were 7.1％ and 14.3％ for simple hyperplasia,17.7％ and 35.3％ for atypical hyperplasia,40％ and 35％ for gallbladder carcinoma (stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ),and 77.4％ and 64.5％ for gallbladder carcinoma (stages Ⅳ-Ⅴ ).There were significant differences among the four groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＜0.01).There were significant differences among the Nevin stage groups,lymph node metastasis group and gallbladder stone in IDO and FOXP3 expressions.However,there were no significant differences among the sex groups and the age groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＞0.05).In gallbladder carcinoma,the expression of IDO had a positive correlation with FOXP3 expression in lymphocyte (γ=0.406,P=0.003).Conclusion In gallbladder cancer,a high-expression of IDO and an expression of FOXP3 in lymphocyte are closely related with immune tolerance of gallbladder carcinoma.The results provide a reference for clinical use of immunotherapy in gallbladder cancer.

Objective To understand the status of mycoplasma infection and drug susceptibility to provide reference basis for clinical rational drug use.Methods The reagents kits produced by Shanghai Aopu Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.were adopted to per-form the mycoplasma culture,identification and susceptibility test.Results Among 1 745 specimens,896 cases of mycoplasma in-fection were detected with the total detection rate of 51 .35%,including Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu)infection in 841 cases (48.19% ),Uu combined Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)infection in 92 cases(5.27% )and Mh infection in 17 cases(0.97%).The de-tection rate was 9.46% in males and 41 .89% in females,the infection rate in females was obviously higher than that of males.The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the sensitive rate to doxycycline,josamycin and minocycline was higher than 95%, while the resistant rate to norfloxacin and lincomycin was higher than 75%.Conclusion Mycoplasma infection in this hospital is dominated by Uu.Doxycycline,josamycin and minocycline can be used as the empirical medication to treat mycoplasma infections in this hospital.But before clinical treatment,the mycoplasma culture and the drug susceptibility test should be performed as possible for rational and standardized medication.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a kind of protease family, its activity can be inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), especially by TIMP-3.OBJECTIVE: To fully isolate and purify natural TIMP-3, and to create enzyme-linked immunoassay of TIMP-3.DESIGN: Single-sample observation SETTING: Central Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College MATERIALS: Human placenta from Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fengtian Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College (Informed consent was obtained from the relatives of patients) and MMP-1 from Research Institute. Fuji Chemical Industries, Ltd.METHODS: This experiment was conducted in the Central Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between March 2001 and May 2002. Firstly,4 mol/L urea Tris-buffer solution (pH8.0) was used to prepare homogenate solution of placenta. Secondly, homogenate solution was performed chromatography through CM52 positive ion-exchange resin and Sephacryl S200 gel filtration. Thirdly, relative molecular weight and purity were detected by SDS- polyacrylamidedel gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Fourthly, Western blotting was used to identify the characters of purified protein. Fifthly, the inhibitory rate of TIMP-3 to MMP-1 was measured with immumofluorescence method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The relative molecular mass of protein showed by PAGE. ② Results of Western blot. ③ The inhibitory rate of TIMP-3 for MMP-1. ④ The recovery rate of TIMP-3 following purification.RESULTS: ①The isolated and purified TIMP-3 from human placenta consisted of non-glycosylated and glycosylated protein, with relative molecular mass of 24 000 and 27 000, respectively. ② The inhibitory concentration of non-glycosylated and glycosylated TIMP-3 was 1.1×1010 mol/L and 1.2×1010 mol/L respectively to MMP-1. The inhibitory concentration of placenta-derived TIMP-3 was significantly higher than that of recombinant TIMP-3 for MMP-1. ③ The recovery rate of TIMP-3 was 23.4% following two-step chromatography.CONCLUSION: Extracellular matrix of human placenta-derived TIMP-3 consists of non- glycosylated protein and glycosylated protein; Two kinds of purified TIMPs-3 have remarkable inhibitory concentration for MMP-1, and significantly higher in comparison with recombinant metalloproteinase inhibitory factor-3.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant neoplasm with dismal prognosis. The risk of recurrence and metastasis remains high even for patients who have undergone radical dissection. Therefore, adjuvant therapy after "curative" resection is crucial. However, consensus on the optimal management of pancreatic cancer after surgery has not been reached. Both chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation therapy have been advocated. Yet, based upon the results of published phase Ⅲ trials, the consensus and standard strategy of adjuvant treatment after pancreatic cancer surgery is still undo" debate. According to the results of GITSG and RTOG trials, the mainstream in North American is adjuvant chemoradiation. However, based on the results of ESPAC-1 and CONKO-001 studies, the oncologists in Europe usually recommend chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, the superiority of gemcitabine over 5-FU in the adjuvant setting is largely unclear. This article reviewed the main results of the clinical trials in the field of adjuvant treatment of pancreatic cancer.From the authors' view, both the standard dosage of gemcitabine (CONCO-001) and chemoradiation (RTOG-9704) after resection of pancreatic cancer could be considered as candidates for adjuvant strategy. However, the optimal therapy will have to be determined by trials with larger number of patients.