Objective To investigate the clinical application of detecting serum PPAR-γmRNA,MMP-9mRNA in the diagnosis of ruptured intracranial aneurysm.Methods The expression of serum PPAR-γmRNA,MMP-9mRNA were detected for 87 cases of patients with intracranial aneurysm,including ruptured group and non-ruptured group,respectively,with 57 cases and 30 cases of patients.The control group should be established to compare the changes of the above indicators.Results The expression of serum PPAR-γmRNA in the ruptured group,the non-ruptured and the controls group were 0.23±0.03,0.59±0.11 and 0.87±0.15,which of MMP-9mRNA were 0.93±0.17,0.63±0.13 and 0.25±0.05.Compared with those in the controls group,the expression of serum PPAR-γmRNA in the ruptured group significantly lowered (t=23.79,P＜0.01),which of MMP-9mRNA raised (t=25.63,P＜0.01).There were statistically significant differences.The expression of PPAR γmRNA in the ruptured group were lower than those in the unruptured group,which of MMP-9 mRNA were higher (t=15.32,16.27,P＜0.01).To establishing the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) in evaluating the clinical significances of the two markers to use the rupture group and non-ruptured group as the dependent variable,the AUC of the expression of serum PPAR-ymRNA,MMP-9mRNA were 0.858 (95 ％ CI:0.775 ～ 0.940,P =0.000),0.842 (95 ％CI:0.756～0.929,P=0.000).As the dependent variable in the control group and unruptured group,the AUC of the expression of serum PPAR-γmRNA,MMP-9mRNA were 0.827 (95％CI:0.734～0.920,P=0.000);0.818 (95％CI:0.722 ～0.914,P=0.000).Conclusion Detection of serum PPAR-γ mRNA,MMP-9 mRNA can be applied in assessment of occurrence and progression for the intracranial aneurysm,and to provide evidences for the early detection of ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

OBJECTIVETo repair cartilage defects at non-weight-bearing area of the femoral condyle in rabbits with invitro amplified cartilage cell using calcium alginate column scaffold combined with calcium alginate gel injection, and to study repair effects of combination with different form of the same material.

METHODSTwenty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly. The wounds of rabbits in the Group 1 were repaired with injection of calcium alginate gel; the wounds of rabbits in the Group 2 were repaired with in planting of calcium alginate column scaffold; the wounds of rabbits in the Group 3 were repaired with in planting of calcium alginate column supporter firstly, and then injection of calcium alginate gel at the surrounding; and Group 4 is control group, the rabbits in the group were repair and without any support. The repair effects were demonstrated with Xij, and the effects of all animals were studied with statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe Xij scores of each rabbits were calculated, and the scores in four groups were compared. The statistical results showed that combination therapy was better than other methods (F = 69.0, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe calcium alginate with column shape has better shaping effects and certain mechanical strength. The calcium alginate gel has better stick nature and can be used to integrate artifical material with normal structure. They can be used together, which meeting the desire of repair and integration in cartilaginous tissue engineering.

Alginates ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; surgery ; Collagen Type II ; analysis ; Female ; Gels ; Glucuronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Hexuronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering

Objective: To evaluate the associative role of depression and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOEε4) in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and its progression to objective cognitive decline. Methods: After literature search in electronic databases, studies were selected by following precise eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the role of APOEε4 and depression in SCD or its progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Results: APOEε4 positivity was not different between SCD and normal individuals but was significantly higher in individuals with SCD plus than in normal individuals [odds ratio: 2.39 (95% CI: 1.87, 3.05); p<0.00001] and in SCD converters than in non-converters [odds ratio: 5.19 (95% CI: 2.36, 11.42); p<0.00001]. Depression was significantly higher in individuals with SCD [standardized mean difference: 0.63 (0.45, 0.82); p<0.00001] and SCD plus [standardized mean difference: 0.83 (0.43, 1.22); p<0.0001] than in normal individuals. However, depression was not different between SCD and MCI or between SCD converters and non-converters. Age of SCD converters was higher than non-converters [mean difference: 2.95 years (0.58, 5.31)]. Conclusion Whereas APOEε4 positivity was higher in SCD plus and SCD converters, depression was higher in SCD and SCD plus but was not different between SCD and MCI.

Background: Lateral compartmental osteoarthritis (LCOA), a major complication after medial mobile?bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), is highly associated with the increased stress of the lateral compartment. This study aimed to analyze the effects on the stress and load distribution of the lateral compartment induced by lower limb alignment and coronal inclination of the tibial component in UKA through a finite element analysis. Methods: Eight three?dimensional models were constructed based on a validated model for analyzing the biomechanical effects of implantation parameters on the lateral compartment after medial Oxford UKA: postoperative lower limb alignment of 3° valgus, neutral and 3° varus, and the inclination of tibial components placed in 4°, 2° valgus, square, and 2° and 4° varus. The contact stress of femoral and tibial cartilage and load distribution were calculated for all models. Results: In the 3° valgus lower limb alignment model, the contact stress of femoral (3.38 MPa) and tibial (3.50 MPa) cartilage as well as load percentage (45.78%) was highest compared to any other model, and was increased by 36.75%, 47.70%, and 27.63%, respectively when compared to 3° varus. In the condition of a neutral position, the outcome was comparable for the different tibial tray inclination models. The inclination did not greatly affect the lateral compartmental stress and load distribution. Conclusions: This study suggested that slightly varus (undercorrection) lower limb alignment might be a way to prevent LCOAin medial mobile?bearing UKA. However, the inclination (4° varus to 4° valgus) of the tibial component in the coronal plane would not be a risk factor for LCOA in neutral position.

Background: The lateral pillar of the femoral head is an important site for disease development such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The femoral head consists of medial, central, and lateral pillars. This study aimed to determine the biomechanical effects of early osteonecrosis in pillars of the femoral head via a finite element (FE) analysis. Methods: A three?dimensional FE model of the intact hip joint was constructed from the image data of a healthy control. Further, a set of six early osteonecrosis models was developed based on the three?pillar classification. The von Mises stress and surface displacements were calculated for all models. Results: The peak values of von Mises stress in the cortical and cancellous bones of normal model were 6.41 MPa and 0.49 MPa, respectively. In models with necrotic lesions in the cortical and cancellous bones, the von Mises stress and displacement of lateral pillar showed significant variability: the stress of cortical bone decreased from 6.41 MPa to 1.51 MPa (76.0% reduction), while cancellous bone showed an increase from 0.49 MPa to 1.28 MPa (159.0% increase); surface displacements of cortical and cancellous bones increased from 52.4 μm and 52.1 μm to 67.9 μm (29.5%) and 61.9 μm (18.8%), respectively. In addition, osteonecrosis affected not only pillars but also adjacent structures in terms of the von Mises stress and surface displacement levels. Conclusions: This study suggested that the early?stage necrosis in the femoral head could increase the risk of collapse, especially in lateral pillar. On the other hand, the cortical part of lateral pillar was found to be the main biomechanical support of femoral head.

MISA (MicroSAtelite) software was employed to screen SSRs in 68 787 contigs of Swertia mussotii transcriptome sequences. 5 610 SSRs were distributed in 5 099 contigs which accounted for 7.41% of 68 787 contigs. There are 220 kinds of SSR motifs existing in S. mussotii transcriptome. On average, SSRs occurred every 12.60 kb in length. In the SSRs, the tri-nucleotide repeat motif was the most abundant (45.99%), followed by the di-nucleotide (41.62%). AT/TA and AAT/TTA were the main types of motif in di-, tri-nucleotide repeats. The repeat numbers of SSRs which from S. mussotii transcriptome SSRs were mainly from 5 to 10 and motif length of them mostly ranged from 12 bp to 30 bp. A total of 30 651 contigs were annotated, and only 1 447 SSRs were occurred in protein-coding regions. In the six repeat motifs, tri-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant in coding regions (928). There are abundant SSRs in S. mussotii transcriptome with high frequency and various types, indicating their usefulness in theory. This research may lay the foundation for designing the targeted SSR primers and developing SSR molecular markers by mining the information of SSRs loci in S. mussotii transcriptome sequences data.
Data Mining ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Swertia ; genetics ; Transcriptome

OBJECTIVE Right ventricular (RV) remodeling is one of the essential pathological features in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RV hypertrophy or fibrosis are the leading causes of RV remodeling. Magnolol is a com?pound isolated from Magnolia officinalis. It possesses multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of magnolol on RV remodeling in hypoxia-induced PAH. METHODS ① Male SD rats (220 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): the normoxia group, the hypoxia group, the hypoxia plus Magnolol (10 and 20 mg·kg-1·d-1) group, and the vehicle group. Rats in the normoxia group were kept in a normoxia environment for 4 weeks, while rats in the hypoxia group were kept in a hypoxic chamber (10％ O2). The rats in the hypoxia plus magnolol groups were administered with magnolol at 10 or 20 mg·kg-1 (ip) once a day for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, the heart function was assessed by Doppler echocardiography, and then the rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg·kg-1, ip). The RVSP was measured by the right heart catheterization method. The heart tissues were collected and dissected to calculate the index of RV remodeling (RV/LV+IVS, RV/tibial length, or RV/body weight). Part of the RV samples was fixed with 4％paraformaldehyde for morphological analysis, while other samples were frozen at-80℃for molecular studies (measurements of ANP, BNP,α-SMA, and col?lagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ mRNA expression as well as p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 protein levels). ② To evaluate the effect of magnolol on hypoxia-induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, H9c2 or cardiac fibroblasts were divided into 7 groups: the control group, cells were cultured under normal conditions; the hypoxia group, cells were cultured under hypoxic condition (3％ O2);the hypoxia plus magnolol 10 mg·kg-1 group, magnolol10μmol·L-1 was added to the culture medium before the hypoxia treatment;the hypoxia plus magnolol 30 mg·kg-1 group, magnolol 20μmol·L-1 was added to the culture medium before the hypoxia treatment;the hypoxia plus TG-101348 group, TG-101348 (a specific inhibitor of JAK2) 1μmol·L-1 was added to the culture medium before the hypoxia treatment;the hypoxia plus JSI-124 group, JSI-124 (a specific inhibitor of JAK2) 1μmol·L-1 was added to the culture medium before the hypoxia treatment;and the hypoxia plus vehicle group, an equal volume of vehicle (DMSO) was added to the culture medium before the hypoxia treatment. At the end of the experiments, the cells were collected for morphological and molecular analysis. RESULTS In vivo, male Sprang-Daley rats were exposed to 10％ O2 for 4 weeks to establish an RV remodeling model, which showed hypertrophic and fibrotic features (increases of RV remodeling index, cellular size, hypertrophic and fibrotic marker expression), accompanied by an elevation in phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3;these changes were attenuated by treating rats with magnolol. In vitro, the cultured H9c2 cells or cardiac fibroblasts were exposed to 3％ O2 for 48 h to induce hypertrophy or fibrosis, which showed hypertrophic (increases in cellular size as well as the expression of ANP and BNP) or fibrotic features (increases in the expression of collagenⅠ, collagenⅢandα-SMA). Administration of mag?nolol and TG-101348 or JSI-124 (JAK2 selective inhibitors) could prevent the process of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by the decrease in the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3. CONCLUSION Magnolol can attenuate RV hypertrophy and fibrosis in hypoxia-induced PAH rats through a mechanism involving inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analysis the curative effect of wrist scaphoid bone fracture,and explore the causes and preventive methods of misdiagnosis.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to September 2010,16 patients with wrist scaphoid bone fractures were treated with plaster cast and cannulated screws fixation. There were 10 males and 6 females,ranging in age from 26 to 44 years with an average of 35 years. Among them, 12 cases manifested swelling pain of radial lateral wrist, tenderness at snuffbox area, wrist pain aggravated when stretching wrist joint, thumb or forefinger; 4 cases manifested no obviously symptoms and limited movement; 9 cases were early diagnosed; 5 cases were treated by plaster cast; 4 cases were treated with cannulated screws fixation; Among 7 cases with misdiagnosis, there were 4 cases without obvious symptoms and they were dealt with activating blood to dissipate swelling and pain process in preliminary stage. Four cases were treated with plaster cast and 3 cases with cannulated screws fixation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 3 months to 39 months (averaged 21 months). Among 16 patients, 9 cases were early diagnosis, 7 cases were misdiagnosis and the rate of misdiagnosis was 43.8%. Seven cases with screws fixation were no wound infection. There was 1 case with occurred chronic pain and declining wrist mobility in both plaster cast and screw group, and both of them were misdiagnosed. According to curative effect rating criteria,these 2 cases were classified into moderate, other 14 cases were excellent.

CONCLUSIONWrist scaphoid bone fracture are easy to misdiagnose, so early diagnosis and treatment is particularly important. The main causes of misdiagnosis are nonspecific symptoms at early stage, combination with other injuries, lack of knowledge and ignorance of the further examination. Therefore, detailed inquiries and particular examination, multi-dimensional radiography and CT scan or MRI scan are the main measures for prevention.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Casts, Surgical ; Diagnostic Errors ; prevention & control ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scaphoid Bone ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of medium and long-chain triglyceride on the immune function of burn patients during early postburn stage and its possible mechanism.

METHODSThirty burn patients with TBSA exceeding 30% were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15 in each group). The patients in F group were supplemented orally with enteral nutrient Fresubin 750MCT containing medium (MCT) and long-chain triglyceride (LCT), and those in N group with Nutrition containing only LCT. All the patients were treated with nutritional support beginning from 24 PBH, continued for 10 days. The changes in plasma levels of IL-2, IL-4, PGE(2) and T lymphocyte transformation rate (LTR) in peripheral blood of patients in the two groups were determined on 1, 4, 7 and 10 postburn days (PBDs).

RESULTSThe plasma IL-2 level in all time points exhibited no difference in all patients (P > 0.05). The plasma level of PGE(2) on PBD 4 in F group was obviously lower than that in N group (P < 0.01). The plasma level of IL-4 on PBDs 4, 7 and 10 in F group were evidently higher than that in N group (P < 0.01). The T LTR in peripheral blood on PBDs 4 and 7 in F group was much higher than that in N group (P < 0.05 - 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEnteral nutrient containing MCT/LCT seemed to be superior to that containing only LCT in the improvement of postburn immune function in burn patients.

Adult ; Burns ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Dietary Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Time Factors ; Triglycerides ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of antisense p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (hereinafter referred to as p38α) on myocardial cells exposed to hypoxia and burn serum.

METHODSThirty adult SD rats were inflicted with 40% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back to obtain burn serum. The myocardial cells were isolated from 80 neonatal SD rats and cultured, then they were divided into 4 groups according to the random number table: normal control group (N, ordinary culture without any treatment), hypoxia+burn serum group (HB, exposed to hypoxia after being treated with 10% burn rat serum), hypoxia+burn serum+infection group (HBI, exposed to hypoxia and 10% burn rat serum after being infected with antisense p38α gene-carrying adenovirus), hypoxia+burn serum+empty vector infection group (exposed to hypoxia and 10% burn rat serum after being infected with adenovirus empty vector). At post hypoxia hour (PHH) 1, 3, 6, and 12, mRNA and protein expression levels of p38α in the latter 3 groups were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, cell viability was determined by methylthianolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was assayed at the same time point. At PHH 1, 6, and 12, apoptosis rate of myocardial cells was assessed by annexin V staining method. The indexes of group N were determined with the methods mentioned-above. Three wells were set at each time point in each group. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD- t test.

RESULTS(1) At PHH 1, 3, and 6, the p38α mRNA level was higher in group HB than in group N and group HBI (with t values from 2.725 to 4.375, P values all below 0.05). (2) At PHH 1, 3, and 6, the p38α protein level was higher in group HB than those in group N and group HBI (with t values from 5.351 to 7.981, P values all below 0.01). (3) At PHH 3, 6, and 12, the cell viability in group HB (0.115 ± 0.007, 0.104 ± 0.006, 0.094 ± 0.005) was lower than that in group N (0.141 ± 0.014) and group HBI (0.136 ± 0.009, 0.124 ± 0.010, 0.112 ± 0.007, with t values from 2.357 to 6.812, P values all below 0.05). (4) The LDH activity was up-regulated in group HB as compared with that in group N and group HBI at each time point (with t values from 22.753 to 201.273, P values all below 0.01). (5) At PHH 1, 6, and 12, the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells in group HB [(5.4 ± 0.7)%, (8.7 ± 1.1)%, (13.6 ± 1.7)%] was higher than that of group N [(3.1 ± 0.3)%] and group HBI [(4.3 ± 0.5)%, (5.1 ± 0.7)%, (7.2 ± 0.9)%, with t values from 2.345 to 9.700, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSAntisense p38α can protect the myocardial cells from the injury of hypoxia and burn serum.

Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Transfection