AIM: To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) or conbercept combined with macular laser grid photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion( RVO) . ·METHODS: Fifty cases ( 50 eyes ) with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion were selected and assigned to 2 groups: intravitreal injection of TA or conbercept, and laser photocoagulation after 7d. Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , fundus examination, optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were examined before intravitreous injection and 14d, 1 and 3mo after laser, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were examined 3mo after treatment. The postoperative results at each time point were compared with preoperative values. · RESULTS: Two kinds of treatment compared with preoperative, the BCVA all increased in various degrees. At 14d after intravitreous injection, 1 and 3mo after laser, the ratio of vision improved in TA group was 76%, 80%, 68%, conbercept group was 88%, 92%, 88%, BCVA of two groups in each period all had varying degrees of increase than preoperative. The best BCVA acquired at 1mo after treatment. The macular thickness after treatment was significantly lower than preoperative in two groups. At preoperative, 14d, 1 and 3mo after treatment, the macular thickness in TA group was 557. 5 ± 150. 9,301. 7±120. 1, 262. 7 ± 131. 2, 338. 1 ± 146. 5μm; the macular thickness in conbercept group was 569. 4 ± 135. 9, 282. 3 ± 133. 5, 259. 5 ± 116. 4, 307. 8 ± 122. 6μm. The macular thickness of the two groups were significantly different between preoperative and postoperative. · CONCLUSION: The combination of intravitreous injection of TA or conbercept with macular laser grid photocoagulation can be an effective method in the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO, conbercept treatment is more effective and security.

Objective To discuss the effects of implants of different thread face angles on the primary stability of immediately loaded implant using the 3-dimensional finite element analysis with the models of the immediately loaded implants. Methods Using the commercial code of Pro/E software, Hypermesh software, and ABAQUS software we created 3-dimensional finite element models. The micromotions of the finite element models with different screw face angles (V-shape, buttress, square-shape and inverse buttress) were computed with the ABAQUS software. Results Concerning different thread face angles, the micromotion of buttress implant was the minimum and the micromotion of inverse buttress implant was the maximum with vertically loading; the micromotion of inverse buttress implant was the minimum and the micromotion of buttress implant was the maximum with horizontal loading. Conclusions Different screw-types have great influence on vertical interfacial micromotions but little influence on horizontal interfacial micromotions. There are two angles which are formed by top /bottom edge and the implants. The larger are the angles, the smaller are the vertical interfacial micromotions, but the weaker of the strength. Thus in designing the screw-type implants, we should consider the angles of thread faces and the strength.

AIM: To evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human retinal pigment epithelial cells ( RPE) when co - cultured with human marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( hMSCs ) in condition of hypoxia and hyperglycemia so as to explore possible mechanisms of diabetes aggravating choroidal neovascularization ( CNV) preliminarily.
METHODS:Both hMSCs and RPE cells were co-cultured in a transwell system. The experiment was divided into four groups: 21% O2 with 5. 56mmol/L glucose ( control group, A ), 21% O2 with 30mmol/L glucose ( hyperglycemia and normoxia group, B ) , 5% O2 with 5.56mmol/L glucose ( normoglycemia and hypoxia group, C ) and 5% O2 with 30mmol/L glucose ( hyperglycemia and hypoxia group, D) . Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the proliferation of RPE cells in each group at 12, 24 and 48h respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to observe apoptosis of RPE cells at 24h. Additionally, we assessed migration
capabilities of RPE via transwell assay under the condition of hyperglycemia and hypoxia by co-culturing of hMSCs.RESULTS:In this co-culturing system, at 12, 24 and 48h, group B (1. 61±0. 41, 1. 80±0. 34;1. 91±0. 35), C (1.34±0. 46, 1. 94±0. 40, 2. 14±0. 41) and D (1. 98±0. 47, 2.26±0.42, 2. 55±0. 40) showed significantly higher proliferation rate than group A (0. 92±0. 45, 1. 27±0. 32, 1.59±0. 41, P<0. 05). The migration capabilities of RPE in group B (149. 5±9. 19), C (140±9. 90) and D (170. 5±7. 78) increased dramatically compared with group A ( 114. 5±7.78, P<0.05) at 24h, whereas there was no significant difference of apoptosis ratio among four groups (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:By coexistence with hMSCs, the synergy of hyperglycemia and hypoxia can improve migration and proliferation of RPE cells, and have no effect on apoptosis of RPE cells within short period.

Literatures on knee osteoarthritis treated by acupuncture both in China and abroad published in the mainstay periodicals in recent 10 years were selected, and analyses were done in the following aspects: (1) Randomization, (2) Control group, (3) Sample size, (4) Intervention measurements, (5) Intervention periods, (6) Evaluation on therapeutic effects, (7) Follow-up assessment, (8) Adverse effects, (9) Ratio of the lost case. The result indicates that differences can still be found on the trial designation in China and abroad. The domestic research design should be more comprehensively and strictly.
Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo provide reliable data on articular cartilage lesions in different age group of patients with symptomatic knees requiring arthroscopy, and to analyze the characteristics of articular cartilage lesions.

METHODSFrom November 2004 to September 2005, 568 patients were under arthroscopy in orthopaedics of Chinese PLA General Hospital. There were 242 males and 326 females, with a mean age of (43.0 +/- 11.2) years (ranged, 12 to 80 years). Surgery information including causes of injury, onset of symptoms, meniscus lesions, cruciate ligament pathology, articular cartilage lesions were collected by a special Data Management software. All the patients were divided into two groups : youth group and middle-aged group. The data of articular cartilage lesions of patients in the two groups were collected.

RESULTSThere were 923 articular cartilage lesions in 389 patients, and 13 lesions were iatrogenic. In youth group, 212 lesions were found in 121 patients, and the main cause of lesions was menisci menisci injury (57/121 cases). In middle-aged group, 711 lesions were found in 268 patients,and the main cause of lesions was osteoarthritis (218/268 cases). The articular cartilage lesions located majorly in the lateral femoral condyle, medial femoral condyle and patellae in patients of the two groups. The major depth of the lesion was grade IV (330 lesions) in middle-aged group and grade III (71 lesions) in youth group,respectively.

CONCLUSIONArticular cartilage lesions are common in patients under arthroscopy, and articular cartilage lesions of different age group of patients are different, so the best treatment method should be chosen regarding to age factors of patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

The change of yield and contents. of active compositions were studied while the fibrous roots were decayed naturally. HPLC method was used to detect the contents of active composition. The results show that fibrousroots could decrease the production of plant by 38.60% (20 g) and 30.99% (40 g), respectively. Treatment 1 could increase the contents of dihydrotanshinone and cryptotanshinone of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba by 26.08% and 22.64%, respectively. Compared with the comparison, treatment 2 decreased the contents of ihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone II(A) of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba by 60.87%, 79.24%, 84.61% and 88.99%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total contents of the liposoluble constituents reduced by 86.27%. The different concentration of fibrousroots could increase the content of salvianolic acid B by 4.98% (20 g) and 23.64% (40 g), respectively. Meanwhile, the content of rosemary acid was increased by 4.98% (20 g) and 23.64% (40 g), respectively. The content of water-soluble constituents positively correlated to the mount of added fibrousroots, and the change was significantly. The result indicted that the decay of fibrousroots has a significant impact on the growth and the content of the active composition of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba under the condition of continuous cropping. Fibrousroots could decrease the content of biomass and liposoluble constituents significantly, which maybe one of the main factors to S. miltiorrhiza f. alba continuous cropping obstacle formation.
Benzofurans ; analysis ; Biomass ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development

The experimental SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (Con group),diabetic ulcer model group (DM group) and Celastrol group (Cel group).Except the control group,diabetic ulceration rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin along with skin scald.And then,each group was treated by spraying the saline solution on the affected skin with (Cel group) or without (Con group and DM group) Cel (q.d.×14 d).Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic analysis was applied to detect metabolic characteristics,accompanied by healing rate calculation and HE and Masson staining to study therapeutic effect of celastrol on accelerated healing of skin wounds of diabetic ulceration rats,which could be used to elucidate therapeutic effects of celastrol on the rat diabetic ulceration and its mechanism.The results showed that celastrol could induce epithelial regeneration of the rat ulcer wound,regulate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the distribution of collagen fibers,and promote the healing of the ulcer wound.About 20 endogenous potential differential metabolites were screened and identified by partial least square analysis.Metabolic pathway analysis was carried out to show that celastrol can significantly recovery the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle,promote its energy supply,accelerate the protein synthesis,improve mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress,and accelerate the self-repair ability of skin tissue.Celastrol can promote the healing of ulcers skins of the diabetic rats,which contribute to experimental basis of the drugs for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) during unloading period of dental implants.

METHODSAn animal model of dental implants was established in Beagle dogs. Bone remodeling was tested at 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the placement of implants. RANKL and OPG mRNA expression were quantified by real-time PCR. Then mandibular bones were resected and some sections were observed.

RESULTSThe most prominent period of bone remodeling occurred at 7 day after the placement of implants (OPG/RANKL mRNA, 2.15 ± 0.1). The expression of RANKL and OPG increased in a time-dependent manner in both soft and hard tissue. After 7 days they gradually decreased.

CONCLUSIONSBoth OPG and RANKL were expressed in peri-implant tissues, and the changing tendency of RANKL and OPGmRNA was consistent with the change of bone remodeling. The active stage for bone remodelling in peri-implant tissues during unloading period is about 7 days after implantation.

Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; genetics ; Dental Implantation ; Dogs ; Male ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnostic method for early renal injury in the workers exposed to mercury (Hg).

METHODSThe contents of urinary Hg were determined by chemical method. Urinary microalbumin (mALB), beta(2)-microglodulin (beta(2)-MG) and retinol binding protein (RBP) levels were measured with total quantitative enzyme immunoassay. The activities of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) were determined by rate methods. Urinary creatinine (Cr) was measured by using picric acid method.

RESULTSThe levels of urinary BRP, beta(2)-MG, NAG and gamma-GT in exposed workers [(439.7 +/- 201.4), (141.4 +/- 56.3) micro g/g Cr and (12.3 +/- 5.7), (60.3 +/- 18.5) U/g Cr respectively] were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels were increased gradually with the increasing contents of urinary Hg. The positive detection rate for single or two combined indexes was rather lower whereas that for 4 combined indexes was as high as 85.5%. A positive correlation was noted between the contents of urinary Hg and urinary BRP, beta(2)-MG, NAG and gamma-GT (r: 0.466, 0.379, 0.323, 0.311, P < 0.05). Urinary RBP was correlated to urinary beta(2)-MG, NAG and gamma-GT (r: 0.362, 0.354, 0.332, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombined detection of urinary RBP, beta(2)-MG, NAG and gamma-GT is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of early renal injury in the workers exposed to Hg.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Adult ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Creatinine ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; urine ; Male ; Mercury Poisoning ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; urine ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; urine

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effects of opposing needling and routine acupuncture for treatment of poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome.

METHODSSixty cases were randomly divided into an opposing needling group and a routine acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. In the two groups, Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), etc. were selected, with on the healthy side selected for the opposing needling group and on the affected side selected for the routine acupuncture group. The motor function of the affected limb was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer scale, activity of daily living by ADL scale, and pain by VAS, and the edema degree was investigated before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere were significant differences before treatment and after 2 therapeutic courses in the scores of Fugl-Meyer for the upper limb motor function and the ADL score for activity of daily living (both P<0.05), with the opposing needling group being significantly better than the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05); after treatment, both the edema degree and the pain scores significantly decreased (both P<0.05), with the opposing needling group in improvement of the edema degree being better the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05), and with no significant difference between the two groups in improvement of pain (P>0.05); the total effective rate was 93.3% in the opposing needling group and 90.0% in the routine acupuncture group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical therapeutic effect of the opposing needling is better than that of routine acupuncture therapy for treatment of poststroke shoulder hand syndrome.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ; etiology ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications