AlM:To discuss the feasibility of microcoria optometry in screening for children ametropia. METHODS: Totally 217 school - age children were selected, included 94 first-grade students ( 6 ~ 8 years old) and 123 fourth-grade students ( 9 ~12 years old ) . Refractive diopter was measured with automatic refractor RM-8000 to evaluate the accuracy of micocoria optometry in screening ametropia.RESULTS: After cycloplegia, both the mean sphere diopter and cylinder diopter in grade one students changed significantly (P<0. 05), the mean sphere diopter in grade four students changed significantly (P<0. 05), while the mean cylinder diopter had no statistical difference ( P>0. 05 ) in grade four students. Different refractive type: before and after mydriasis spherical myopia, spherical equivalent difference was 0. 263 ± 0. 618 and 0.216±0.653D, with statistical significance (P<0.01);ln hyperopia group, spherical myopia, spherical equivalent difference was 0. 947±0. 946 and 1. 039±0. 984D, with statistical significance ( P = 0. 000 ). The lenticular difference between the two groups were not statistically different ( P > 0. 05 ). Choosing small pupil computer optometry for ≤- 1. 00D, ≥- 0. 50D child myopia or hyperopia could get more accurate value of diagnostic cutoffs, Youden index was 0. 672 and 0. 580. CONCLUSlON: Microcoria optometry can be as a effective method of screening of children with ametropia, but if for optometry, school-age children must accept mydriasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing interventions on the quality of life after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer. Methods 56 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer who received radiotherapy were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. All the patients were given conventional nursing interventions, and those in the intervention group were given accurate evaluation, enhanced psychological guide, reasonable dietary guide, and special nursing for preventing and treating complications. All the patients were evaluated by using quality of life questionnaire core 30 items(QOL-C30). Results The scores of the dimensions of somatic function,psychological function, social function and material life after interventions in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Nursing interventions can improve the quality of life, and the therapy can be completed smoothly.

Objective To study the effect of tetracaine jelly on hemodynamics during extubation period in general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients who performed tracheal cannula and general anesthesia were divided into control group (50 patients) and experiment group (50 patients) by random digits table method.Control group:sterile paraffin oil was applied to the endotracheal tube.Experiment group:tetracaine jelly was applied to the endotracheal tube.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the anesthesia induction(T1),5 min after stopping infusion drugs (T2),1 min after tracheal extubation (T3),3 min after tracheal extubation (T4) and 5 min after tracheal extubation (T5) were observed.The resistant effect after waking and the number of sore throat,hoarseness were recorded.Results The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T1 and T2 had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T3-T5 in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [SBP:(122.3 ± 11.3),(120.0 ± 9.8),(112.0 ± 6.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(158.3 ± 15.0),(142.5 ± 13.5),(133.0± 14.5) mmHg;DBP:(75.0 ± 13.5),(75.8 ± 10.5),(58.3 ±4.2) mmHg vs.(111.0 ± 20.3),(106.5 ± 12.8),(63.8 ± 15.8) mmHg;HR:(81.9 ± 13.7),(83.6 ± 13.4),(60.7 ± 3.5) times/min vs.(113.5 ± 19.4),(117.5 ± 21.7),(71.8 ± 14.6) times/min](P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of tolerance in experiment group was higher than that in control group [96％(48/50) vs.56％(28/50)],the rate of sore throat and hoarseness were lower than those in control group [6％ (3/50) vs.48％ (24/50),4％ (2/50) vs.36％ (18/50)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetracaine jelly can reduce the cardiovascular response of tracheal extubation,enhance the tolerance of tracheal tube and decrease the morbidity of sore throat and hoarseness.

Hospital infection has become a global public health problem. The strain of anti-disinfectant, same as the antibiotic-resistant strain, will lead to the failure of the disinfection of the hospital, which will cause hospital infection. The bacterial resistance to disinfectants and resistance mechanism is not clear. Most of the studies focused on the cell research, the molecular research, non-physiological mechanism of resistance, in recent years, the selection pressure, outflow pump were studied. Currently, disinfectants abuse, improper handling and inadequate amount of disinfectant were considered as the main cause of the resistance development.

Objective To investigate the effect on cell cycle of hepatitis B virus x protein and ap- proach the molecular mechanism of x protein's carcinogenesis. Methods Gene transfection mediated by the lipofectamine was used to introduce the eukaryotic expression vector of HBV x gene into human hepato- cellular carcinoma cell line HepG2(HepG2X cell).The selective medium containing G418 was used to select the cell clones which the X protein was expressed constantly.Flow eytometry was used to detect the cycle of the cells;raf-1 protein was detected by Western blot.Results X protein could be expressed on 21?10~3 loca- tion in the transfected cells,while there were no protein expressed in the control cells.The proliferation of X cells increased significantly according to MTS method(P

Object\ To provide a basis for the further development, proper utilization and formulation of a standard for the medicinal materials Methods\ By macro and microscopic studies in combination with physicochemical identification The possible therapeutic value of other parts of the plant was briefly discussed Results\ Four obvious distinctive features were observed: ① Stem tuber showed a curved kidney like shaped ② Parenchymatous cells were polygonal shaped and densely packed together with limited intercellular spaces ③ Rich in compound starch grains, and ④ Crystalline calcium oxalate Clusters can be seen. The tubers had an absorbance peak in UV specturm at ? 241 nm , but its adventitious root was devoid of such absorbance peak Conclusion\ The distinctive features are clear and can be mastered easily The adventitious roots must be discarded when the tubers were used as medicine

Objective To study the utilization of preoperative ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(USFNA) for axillary lymphnode(ALN) metastasis in breast cancer and to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the technique. Methods Forty ALNs in 40 armpit negative palpation highly suspective breast cancer patients underwent USFNA. The cytopathological results were compared with the histopathological results of sentinel lymphnode(SLN) biopsy or axillary lymphnode dissection(ALND). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of USFNA for the ALN metastasis were analysed. Results All the 40 patients were confirmed with breast cancer by pathology. Sensitivity of USFNA was 52. 2%, specificity was 100%, PPV was 100%,NPV was 60. 7% and diagnostic accuracy was 72. 5%. 12(30% ) patients with positive cytology proceeded to ALND, avoiding SLN biopsy. Conclusions USFNA is a minimally invasive, highly specified technique for prediction of breast cancer ALN metastasis before operation.

Objective To observe the expression of caspase-3 and transposition of Omi/HtrA2 in H9C2 by erythropoietin and/or Omi/HtrA2 silencing to explore the related anti-apoptotic mechanisms.Methods The cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into control group,H/R group (anoxia 2 h and re-oxygenation 24 h), and different concentrations of EPO treatment groups.The release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in cell supernatant was measured in each group.Expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Omi/HtrA2 were measured by Western blot;then the transposition of Omi/HtrA2 between cytoplasm and mitochondria was observed.Specific siRNA interfering fragment was transfected into H9C2 cardiomyocytes by liposome method.Its silencing effect on Omi/HtrA2 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.The survival rate,release rate and expression of cleaved caspase-3 were measured.And the expression of Omi/HtrA2 was measured in cytoplasm and mitochondria in H9C2 (transposition of Omi/HtrA2 ).Results Compared with H/R group,the release of LDH and expression of cleaved caspase-3 were decreased; the transposition of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria to cytoplasm in H/R treatment groups was increased compared with control group,while that in EPO (20 IU/mL)group decreased.si-HtrA2 group transfected with siRNA showed a decreased release of LDH and expression of cleaved caspase-3 with all significant variances (P <0.05).Conclusion EPO exerts a cytoprotective effect by inhibiting the transposition of Omi/HtrA2 and hence the activation of caspases-3 pathway.

Objective To investigate the inhibitive activities of hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)poly(butylcynaoacrylate)nanoparticles(HBIG-PBCA-NP)to hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA secretions using HBV infected cell model in vitro.Methods HepG 2.2.15 cells were cultured with media containing HBIG-PBCA-NP or HBIG for several days,or cultured with HBIG-PBC-NP and HBIG for 2 days and without HBIG-PBCA-NP and HBIG from day 3.The supernatants at different time points were collected for quantitative detection of HBsAg and HBV DNA.The comparisons between groups were done by variance analysis.Resalts Secretions of HBsAg and HBV DNA in supernatants of HepG2.2.15 cultured with 0.1-10.0 IU/mL of HBIG-PBCA-NP and HBIG were inhibited significantly compared with control group.HBsAg titers and HBV DNA levels in supernatants of HBIG-PBCA-NP group and HBIG group cultured with media without HBIG-PBCA-NP and HBIG kept decreasing at day 5 and 7,then rebounded at day 9 and 11.HBsAg titera in supernatants of 0.1,1.0,5.0 IU/mL HBIG-PBCA-NP group were all significantly different from those in HBIG group at day 9[(31.31±1.98)μg/L vs(40.62±2.99)μg/L,(23.79±1.31)μg/L vs(36.51±2.12)μg/L,(19.91±1.74)μg/L vs(33.03±1.65)μg/L;F=412.24,P＜0.01].Couclusion HBIG-PBCA-NP can inhibit secretions of HgsAg and HBV DNA in vitro,which is more effective than HBIG.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic implantation of 5-FU Slow-release Particles for advanced gastroenteric tumor. Methods During the endoscopy procedure,slow-releasing 5-FU agents were implanted densely into the tumors and infiltrated area. Forty-five to sixty pieces of agents ( each piece equivalent to 1.67 mg 5-FU)were injected, which containing an average dose of 100 mg 5-FU. Results A total of 13 advanced gastric cancer patients were enrolled into this study. Significant effects were observed in 3 patients and good effects in 8 patients, but 2 cases with no effects. The total effective rate was 84.62%. The endoscopy examination showed that the size of tumors reduced in various degree at 1 - 2months after the implantation. No hemorrhage or perforation was observed. Parameters of hepatorenal function and routine blood test were stable after implantation. Conclusion Endoscopic implantation of 5-FU Slow-release Particles can relieve the symptoms of patients and limit tumor growth in advanced gastroenteric tumor with no marrow and hepatorenal functional impair.