Objective To compare the durability and cost-effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water(SAEOW),ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) in two conditions,i.e.,continuous machine cleaning and continuous manual cleaning.Methods The maximal numbers of endoscopes which were disinfected by the three disinfectants at its minimal effective concentration,as well as the corresponding costs were compared.The cost-effectiveness of three disinfectants were evaluated with revenue-incremental cost analysis.Results The number of endoscopes disinfected by ortho-phthalaldehyde was larger than that by two other disinfectants,140 ± 2 by machine wash and 226 ± 1 by hand washing;followed by glutaral disinfectant,88 ± 2 and 108 ± 2 by machine wash and hand wash,respectively;slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water disinfected the least endoscopes,34 ± 2 and 39 ± 1 by machine wash and hand wash.There were significant differences among these three disinfectants (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with GA,one more Yuan invested to OPA yielded 2.24 yuan more under the condition of machine wash and 3.14 yuan more under the condition of hand wash.Compared with GA,one Yuan invested in SAEOW produced 47.14 yuan by machine wash and 45.6 Yuan by hand wash.Conclusion Under full workload,orthophthalaldehyde shows the best durability among the three disinfectants,while slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water shows the highest economic benefit.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism for change in permeability in brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Monolayers of bEnd.3 were exposed to LPS,in the presence or absence of exoenzyme C3 transferase. We monitored the monolayer barrier integrity by transendothelial electrical resistance assay (TEER),activity of RhoA by pull down assay,NF-κB by luciferase reporter assay,and F-actin dynamic structure by Rhodamine-phalloidin staining. Results Incubation of monolayers with LPS caused substantial barrier hyperpermeability. Under the had been treated for 3 and 12 h with LPS (P＜0.05). Such effects could be inhibited partly by pretreatment of RhoA inhibitor exoenzyme C3 transferase. LPS activated RhoA and NF-κB at 0.5 h. The C3 transferase could significantly reverse the NF-κB activation (P＜0.05). The F-actin rearrangments displayed in a time-dependent manner and occurred originally after the stimulation of LPS for 3 h,which could be diluted by the pretreatment of C3 transferase as well. Conclusion LPS induces the disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton and brain microvascular endothelial barrier integrity,in part,through RhoA and NF-κB activation. The mechanism underlying this pathophysiological effect of RhoA is to influence the disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton by regulating NF-κB activites.

Objective To perform a preclinical test of a delineation software based on atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS),to evaluate its accuracy in the delineation of organs at risk (OARs) in radiotherapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),and to provide a basis for its clinical application.Methods Using OARs manually contoured by physicians on planning-CT images of 22 patients with NPC as the standard,the automatic delineation using two different algorithms (general and head/neck) of the ABAS software were applied to the following tests:(1) to evaluate the restoration of the atlas by the software,automatic delineation was performed on copied images from each patient using the contours of OARs manually delineated on the original images as atlases;(2) to evaluate the accuracy of automatic delineation on images from various patients using a single atlas,the contours manually delineated on images from one patients were used as atlases for automatic delineation of OARs on images from other patients.Dice similarity coefficient (DSC),volume difference (Vdiff),correlation between the DSC and the volume of OARs,and efficiency difference between manual delineation and automatic delineation plus manual modification were used as indices for evaluation.Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman correlation analysis were used.Results The head/neck algorithm had superior restoration of the atlas over the general algorithm.The DSC was positively correlated with the volume of OARs and was higher than 0.8 for OARs larger than 1 cc in volume in the restoration test.For automatic delineation with the head/neck algorithm using a single atlas,the mean DSC and Vdiff were 0.81-0.90 and 2.73％-16.02％,respectively,for the brain stem,temporal lobes,parotids,and mandible,while the mean DSC was 0.45-0.49 for the temporomandibular joint and optic chiasm.Compared with manual delineation,automatic delineation plus manual modification saved 68％ of the time.Conclusions A preclinical test is able to determine the accuracy and conditions of the ABAS software in specific clinical application.The tested software can help to improve the efficiency of OAR delineation in radiotherapy planning for NPC.However,it is not suitable for delineation of OAR with a relatively small volume.

Objective To study their chemical components of xianglingcao(Crotalaria ferruginea) and identify their chemical structures.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and compared with the published data.Results Ten compounds were isolated and identified as vomifolilol(Ⅰ),genistein(Ⅱ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅲ),5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-flavone-7-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅳ),octadecoic acid(Ⅴ),octacosanol(Ⅵ),?-stitosterol(Ⅶ),?-daucosterol(Ⅷ),stigmasterol(Ⅸ),and ?5,22 stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅹ).Conclusion The ten compounds are obtained from xianglingcao for the first time.

Targeted drug delivery can significantly increase the concentration of the drug in treatment site, and decrease the dosage of drugs, cost of treatment and the drug's adverse effects on the body. So targeted drug delivery is the hotspot of recent studies. This paper reviews the development of targeted drug delivery research in recent years, including three areas: passive targeting, active targeting, and physical and chemical targeting.
Animals ; Antibodies ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; trends ; Emulsions ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Magnetics ; Microspheres ; Nanoparticles ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Photosensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Prodrugs ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism

Objective To summarize and analyze the pathological characteristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTs).Methods The clinical data of 51 cases of SPTs were retrospectively analyzed.The immunohistochemical localizations of different markers (HSE,SYN,CD_(56),CD_(10),Nestin,Vim,a1-ACT,EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19) on 39 SPTs were studied.Results Pathological features included a combination of solid and cystic components with pseudopapillae formation and degenerative regions without glands.Among the 39 cases of SPTs,the expression rate of NSE was 97.4%,the expression rate of CD_(56),CD_(10) was 84.6%,the expression rate of Nestin and Vim was 64% and 87%,the expression rate of S100 was 79.5%,the expression rate of a1-ACT and a1-AT was 82.1% and 79.5%,while the expression rate of SYN was 12.8%;however there was low expression and weak positive reaction of EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19.Conclusions The typical pathological characteristics of SPTs may result from gradual degenerative changes induced anoxemia in some SPT's areas.The heterogeneity of SPTs on different antibody markers showed that the SPTs may be originated from pancreatic embryonic stem cells,and result from immature differentiation of the pluripotential stem cells during pancreatic genesis.

Four boys (2 months to 8 years old) were diagnosed with autosomal recessive form of osteopetrosis. Symptoms manifested in the first few months of life in 3 patients, and there was family history in 1. Primary symptoms included anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, recurrent infectious history and macrocephaly. The typical radiological images on plain radiogram were diffuse sclerosis, bone modelling defects at the metaphyses of long bones, "bone-in-bone" appearance, and "sandwich" vertebrae. Bone marrow biopsy showed markedly reduced platelets. Osteopetrosis refers to a group of rare, heritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density on radiographs. Diffuse sclerosis leads to crowding of the bone marrow, resulting in anemia and extramedullary hemopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is employed for the most severe forms associated with bone marrow failure and offers the best chance of longer-term survival.
Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Osteopetrosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography

Objective To investigate the pathogens spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of rash and fever illness (RFIs) from January 2010 to December 2017 in Pudong New Area, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control ofRFIs.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the pathogens of enterovirus, measles virus, rubella virus and others from 2 831 clinical samples, and statistical analysis was performed.Results Pathogens were found in 1 633 samples in total, accounting for 68.59%. The top 4 viruses in the pathogen spectrum were enterovirus (52.54%), measles virus (28.54%), rubella virus (13.04%), and varicella-zoster virus (3.37%). There was significnat difference in the detection rate of rubella pathogens among patients of different genders(P=0.026). In the pathogen spectrum of infections of different age groups, the detection rate of enteroviruses at the age of 3-6 years was higher than that of other age groups. The detection rate of varicella-zoster virus at the age of 6-18 years old was higher than that of other age groups. The detection rate of virus including measles virus, rubella virus, dengue virus and small DNA virus in age of 18 and older was higher than that of other age groups. There was significant difference in the detection rate of pathogens in different age groups (all P<0.05).The incidence of RFIs was the highest in spring (41.52%) and the lowest in winter (15.00%). There was a statistical difference in the detection rate of enterovirus, measles, rubella and dengue virus in different seasons (P<0.05).Conclusions Enteroviruses and measles viruses are the main pathogens leading to RFIs in Pudong New Area, and the activity level of RFIs pathogens should be monitored for a long time.

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. This paper reports three cases of SSADH deficiency in infants. The infants developed the symptoms including developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, hyporeflexia and seizures. The electroencephalogram (EEG) showed background slowing and focal spike discharges in all of 3 patients. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated abnormalities in 2 patients, including basal ganglia damage and increased T2-weighted signal in bilateral cerebral peduncles. Urinary organic acid analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed increased levels of 4-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in 3 patients. SSADH deficiency was definitely diagnosed based on the clinical manifestations and the results of urinary organic acid analysis in the 3 children. It was concluded that early urine organic acid analysis is essential for children presenting with mental retardation, neuropsychiatric disturbance or epilepsy of unknown etiology.
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Developmental Disabilities ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ; deficiency

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to assess weather the immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line Bend.3 displays the comparative barrier characteristics as the primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BEMC).

METHODSImmortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line, Bend.3 cells were cultured in transwell inserts and their restrictive characteristics were assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) permeability assays. Western blot and direct fluorescent staining methods were used to detect the tight junction protein expression and F-actin distribution.

RESULTSThe TEER in Bend.3 cells increased with the prolonged culture time and increased to 82.3+/-6.0 Omega cm2 10 days after culture, which was significantly higher than that 3 days after culture (37.3+/-3.1 Omega cm2; P<0.05). There were significant differences in the permeability rates for HRP 3 and 10 days after culture (4.3+/-0.20)% vs (2.2+/-0.05)% (P<0.05). Western blot indicated high level expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in Bend.3 cells 10 days after culture. F-actin was visualized around the cell membrane and presented scrobiculate linear fluorescence 10 days after culture.

CONCLUSIONSBend.3 cells have similar barrier characteristics to BEMC, and their barrier function may reach to the best effect 10 days after culture.

Actins ; analysis ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cell Line ; Electric Impedance ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins ; analysis ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein