The chemical properties and nutritive value of five of tissue fat, the retro-peritoneal fat (Ⅰ), bone marrow fat (Ⅱ), bone marrow fat+worm wax (pai la) (400:1) (Ⅲ), scrapped fat from the inner surface of the skin (Ⅳ) and the omentum fat (Ⅴ), have been investigated. Fat Ⅰ, the ordinary lard habitually used in Chengtu is used as a control.The melting point of Ⅰ(35.4℃), Ⅲ (37.4℃) and Ⅴ (38.4℃) are higher than those of Ⅱ (25.7℃) and Ⅳ (25.7℃). The addition of a small quantity of worm wax into the bone marrow fat can obviously raise the melting point of the latter, and thus improving its organolyptic properties.The saponification values of the five kinds of fats are about the same, and there is significant difference in their iodine values. The degree of unsatura-tion of fat Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ are higher than those of Ⅰ and Ⅳ.The ash contents of the fat Ⅳ and Ⅴand the acid value of the fat Ⅰ are somewhat lower.Feeding experiments with albino rats show that there is no difference in the digestibilities and the growth promoting effects of the five kinds of fats incorporating with the soy bean basal diet.It is concluded that the use of the by-products from the butcheries for the preparation of the edible fat are not only entirely permissible but also economically beneficial.The addition of worm wax into the bone marrow fat for the improvement of the organolyptic properties (color, consistency) is a economical waste.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of human gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice with different expressions of growth hormone receptor (GHR). Methods Immunocytochemical method was used to pick out one GHR-positive and one GHR-negative cell line. Then the cells were subcutaneously injected into 24 nude mice separately. The nude mice bearing two different kinds of human gastric caicinoma were equalges of body weight and tumor volume of nude mice were recorded. Serum concentrations of VEGF in peripheral blood were analyzed by ELISA. VEGF protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results We chose SGC-7901 as GHR positive group, and MKN-45 as the negative one. For nude mice bearing GHR + SGC-7901 xenografts, the tumor volumes were significantly larger in rhGH groups than in control group (P ＜ 0.05), and the high-dose rhGH group revealed greater effect (P ＜ 0. 05).Body weights were not significantly different among three groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Serum VEGF concentration was (252.94 ± 15.32) ng/L in the high-dose rhGH group, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(49.94 ± 5.73) ng/L] and low-dose rhGH group [(167.60 ± 9.54) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05). Moderate positive staining with VEGF was observed in the control group, while VEGF staining was strong in rhGH administration groups. The relative expression of VEGF mRNA for the high-dose rhGH group was 0. 6470 ± 0. 0447, which was significantly higher than that in control group (0. 3230 ± 0. 0258)and low-dose rhGH group (0. 412 ± 0. 0351)(P ＜ 0.05). While for nude mice bearing GHR-MKN-45 xenografts, the body weights of the rhGH-administrated groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05), while tumor growth, serum VEGF concentration, and the expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in tumor tissue were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions rhGH can promote tumor growth and increase the expression of VEGF in the GHR-highly-expressed SGC-7901 xenograft tumor model. However, such effects do not exist in GHR-negatively-expressed MKN-45 xenograft tumor model. The existence of GHR may be a key target where rhGH influences the secretion of VEGF.

Objective To elucidate the influence of fetal genotype in both non-diabetic gravidas and pregnant women on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through analysis of the genotype discrepancy between maternal and fetal Pro12A1a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) genes.Methods Pregnant women,who delivered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from October 2005 to February 2007,and their newborn babies were selected,and were divided into GDM and control group.The GDM group consisted of 55 gravidas with GDM and 40 newborns born to the GDM mothers,and the control group consisted of 173 healthy gravidas and their 50 neonates.Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect the distribution of PPARG2 Pro12Ala alleles in all subjects.The concentrations of plasma fasting blood sugar (FBS) and several bio-markers of lipids,including total cholesterol,triglyceride,apoprotein A,high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein,were also tested for the mothers.Results (1) No significant difference was found in the frequencies of Pro/Pro genotype between the GDM mothers and control mothers (94.6% vs 90.8%,P > 0.05),nor between the GDM offspring and control offspring (95.0% vs 94.0%,P >0.05) or between the GDM mothers and GDM offspring (P > 0.05).The same was shown in the frequencies of Pro/Ala genotype both between the GDM mothers and control mothers (5.5% vs 9.2%,P >0.05) and between the GDM offspring and control offspring (2.5% vs 3.0%,P > 0.05).(2) Within both GDM and control group,the maternal FBS and various lipids concentrations of Pro/ Pro genotype gravidas showed no significant difference compared to those of Pro/Ala genotype mothers (P > 0.05).(3) Based on the four possible PPARG2 genotype pairs between the mothers and fetuses,Pro/Pro mother and her Pro/Pro fetus,Pro/Ala mother and her Pro/Ala fetus,Pro/Ala mother and her Pro/Pro fetus,and Pro/Pro mother and her Pro/Ala fetus,less Pro/Pro pairs and more Pro/Ala pairs were found in the GDM group than in the control (72.5% vs 92.0%,P=0.014; 27.5% vs 6.0%,P< 0.05).Conclusions Neither the maternal nor the offspring's Pro/Ala genotypes is associated with the genesis of GDM.However,the discrepancy of PPARG2 Prol2Ala polymorphism between mother and her fetus implies a possible cause of GDM.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of the molecular targeted drug sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC). Methods Fifteen patients with histopathological confirmed mRCC,including 10 males and 5 females,were enrolled in the study.The median age was 56(range from 37 to 73 years).Fourteen cases of clear-cell RCC and 1 papillary RCC were diagnosed.Thirteen patients had prior nephrectomy,and 6 patients were treated with cytokines previously.All of the patients were given sunitinib at a dosage of either 50 mg daily(4 weeks on/2 weeks off)or 37.5 mg daily continuously.Objective response rate(ORR),progressive-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated,and adverse events were also observed. Results The median follow-up was 13 months(2-24 months).According to RECIST,partial response could be evaluated in 8 patients and stable was found in another 5 patients.Only 2 patients were confirmed disease progression.The ORR was 53% with the disease control rate of 87%,However,the median PFS and OS were not yet available due to the short-term follow-up.During the treatment,the most common adverse events experienced by patients were hand-foot syndrome 11/15(73%),changes in hair color 10/15(67%),mucositis 9/15(60%),alopecie 9/15(60%),diarrhea 8/15(53%)and neutropenia 8/15 (53%). All of adverse events were manageable and reversible. Conclusions Sunitinib as a single agent in the treatment for Chinese mRCC patient is efficient and the side effects are reversible. Further long-term follow-up and expanded samples should be expected to confirm the efficacy and safety of sunitinib.

Objectives To isolate the cardiogenic fraction, which can enhance cardiogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from Geum iaponicum.The therapeutic effeet of the isolated cardiogenic fraction was further tested in a rat myocardial infaretion (MI)model.Method Bioassay guided fractionation method was used for the isolation of the cardiogenic fraction,named as heart repair fraction(HRF).MI was induced by a permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery.The rats exhibiting similarly decreased values of left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF) and fraction shortening(LVFS)were used.The rats in test group(n=10)were subject to HRF treatment(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)through gastric gavage daily for 4 weeks.Water alone(2 ml/d) was given through gastric gavage to rats in the control group(n=10).The cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at different time points.Masson trichrome staining was used for evaluation of the infarct size.Morphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to investigate the HRF mediated myocardial regeneration.Results LVEF(66.2%±6.9%)and LVFS(46.8%±5.8%)were significantly increased two weeks post HRF treatment compared with the values(LVEF:55.7%±6.0%and LVES:36.4%±5.2%)in control rats(a11 P<0.01).The improved heart function was further restored 4 weeks post HRF treatment(P<0.01).Furthermore,the treatment of acute MI with this HRF significantly reduced the infarct size(19.0%±6.1%)compared with that(31.1%±8.6%)in control rats(P<0.01).Substantial regeneration of cardiomyoeytes in infarcted region of the HRF treated heart was also observed that replaced a considerable part of the infarcted heart tissues resulting in remarkable reduction of the infarct size.Conclusion The properties of this HRF isolated from Geum japonicum in stimulating substantial regeneration of myocardium in infarct region with consequently improved cardiac function appear to be new and represent a new approach for the treatment of MI.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in intervening diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) based on calcium-activated chloride channel. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal control group (group A), a model group (group B), an EA group (group C) and a metoclopramide group (group D), with 10 rats in each group. A single intraperitoneal injection of 2％ streptozotocin (STZ) combined with 8-week high-glucose high-fat diet was used to establish a DGP rat model. After intervention, gastrointestinal propulsive rate was observed; the expression level of transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) was examined by immunohistochemistry; the Ca2+ concentration in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) was detected by immunofluorescence; and whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to detect the current intensity of calcium-activated chloride channel (ICaCC) in ICCs in gastric antrum. Results: After modeling, the blood glucose levels in group B, group C and group D were significantly increased compared with group A (all P<0.01); after intervention, compared with group B, the blood glucose levels in group C and group D were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the intra-group comparison of blood glucose level between after modeling and after intervention found significant difference only in group C (P<0.01). The gastrointestinal propulsive rates in group B, group C and group D were significantly different from that in group A (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the gastrointestinal propulsive rates were markedly higher in group C and group D than in group B (P<0.01, P<0.01). The expressions of TMEM16A in group B and group C were decreased compared with group A (P<0.01, P<0.05); the expressions of TMEM16A in group C and group D were increased compared with group B (P<0.01, P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ was significantly lower in group B than in group A (P<0.01); the fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ was significantly higher in group C and group D than in group B (P<0.01, P<0.05). ICaCC in ICCs in group B was significantly decreased compared with group A; ICaCC in group C and group D were increased compared with group B. Conclusion: EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) can significantly improve gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats by up-regulating the ICaCC in ICCs.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of statin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable period. Methods 83 patients with COPD in stable period were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, treatment group (n = 41) and control group (n = 42).The control group received conventional routine therapy, and treatment group was given rosuvastatin calcium 20 mg once per day on the basis of routine treatment. The levels of sera C-reactive protein (CRP), pulmonary function (FEV1、FEVl%pred), and COPD assessment test (CAT) were observed at the time points of 0 week and 12th week, 24th week and 48th week were compared between two groups. Results At 12th week after the treatment, sera CRP levels, FEV1, FEV1%pred and CAT scores in either control group or treatment group showed some extent of improvements as compared to those at the time point of 0 week, and there was statistical difference of sera CRP levels and CAT scores between two groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference of FEV1, FEV1%pred between two groups (P > 0.05) .24th week and 48th week after the treatment; sera CRP levels, FEV, FEV1%pred and CAT scores in two groups all significantly improved and were statistical different between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Statin can alleviate inflammatory reaction, improve pulmonary function and life quality of patients with COPD.

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience and early -stage follow -up results of simple transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)to guide right jugular internal vein for closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), and to investigate its feasibility.Methods A total of 24 ASD patients(12 male,12 female)treated by transcatheter ASD closure under solely guidance of TEE were summarized in Children Heart Center,People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2015 to February 2016.Mean age,body weight and average diameter of the 24 cases of ASD were 5 -18 (12.4 ±5.6)years old,16 -60 (34.1 ±9.6)kg,5 -20 (11.0 ±2.5)mm,respectively.All patients were treated by right jugular internal vein transcatheter closure under solely guidance of TEE.The efficiency of imme-diate post -operation under TEE was estimated,and follow -ups were done at 24 hours,1 month,3,6 and 12 months after the procedures by transthoracic echocardiography,X -ray examination and electrocardiogram.Results A total of 23 patients were treated successfully under solely guidance of TEE.The diameter of devices was (14.5 ±3.6)mm.The procedural time was(20.5 ±7.2)min.One patient who had 2 ASD was treated by traditional thoracic surgery,because the small ASD had 5 mm residual shunt after the procedures.There were 3 cases with trivial residual shunt after the pro-cedures immediately.All patients could move at once after operation.The average follow -up time was(5.6 ±1.2) months.No patients suffered from residual shunt,occluder malposition,peripheral vascular injury,pericardial effusion or cardiac perforation during the follow -up.Conclusions For some selected patients,simple TEE guiding right jugular in-ternal vein for closure of ASD is applicable.The method not only prevents injury from radiation,but also shortens the in -bed time and avoid the lower limbs braking,with good early -stage follow -up results are desirable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy combined with psychological intervention for treating depression after cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty persons diagnosed with depression after cerebral infarction were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training and psychological intervention, but the treatment group also received microcurrent transcranial electrical stimulation treatment.All the patients were evaluated with Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD) and the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and given Barthel index (BI) scores before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of any of the measures before treatment.After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups had improved significantly, but the improvements on all measures were significantly better in the treatment group.Conclusion Cranial electrotherapy combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve symptoms of depression and cognitive function in patients with post-stroke depression, and play an important role in improving their daily life.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and factors of ADR caused by Chinese patent medicine(CPM)and to provide reference for rational drug use and safety evaluation in the clinic. METHODS:158 cases of ADR caused by CPM collect-ed from our hospital during Jan.2009-Dec.2014 were analyzed. RESULTS:The occurrence of ADR caused by CPM was related to patient’s age,route of administration,category of drugs,irrational drug-use and so on. The incidence of ADR in patients over the age of 60 was the highest (31.01%),the largest number of ADR were caused by intravenous injection (79.11%),ADRs were most likely caused by blood-regulating preparation and dissipate blood stasis preparation (79.75%);ADR manifested as lesion of skin and its appendents(43.01%),followed by gastro-intestinal injury(16.06%)and whole-general injury(10.36%). The severe ADR was anaphylactoid reaction;after symptomatic treatment,the prognosis is good. CONCLUSIONS:According to syndrome differentiation and individual difference,CPM should be used rationally,and great importance should be attached to drug use moni-toring to reduce the incidence of ADR.