As pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity,Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the identification of pathogens,regulation of adaptive immunity and signal transduction.With more exploration of the mechanism of microbial keratitis and the acute or chronic rejection after penetrating keratoplasty,the induction and regulation of TLRs on the corneal immune response is increasingly concerned.Up to now,more and more studies of immune signal pathway of TLRs in mediating inflammatory response of bacterial keratitis,fungal keratitis,viral keratitis and graft rejection have been documented.To regulate the expression of TLRs is undoubtedly available for lightening and arresting the immuno-inflammatory response.Here,the current knowledge about TLRs,their signal transduction pathway and their regulation on corneal immunity are summarized,aiming to discuss their significant effects and the potential therapeutic targets.

Objective To determine the value of MR cholangiography(MRC)in the preoperative evaluation of biliary anatomy of living liver donors.Methods Fifty eight consecutive donors underwent MRC examinations and living liver transplantation.MRC was performed on a 1.5 T scanner with breath-hold rapid acquisition of T_2WI slab and breathing-gating 3D FSE T_2WI.Images of MRC and IOC were compared and classified according to the modified Huang's classification.Results Thity four(58.6%)liver donors showed normal biliary anatomy on IOC,and 24(41.4%)donors revealed variant bile anatomy.MRC correctly depicted biliary anatomy in 91.4%(53/58)donors.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRC in distinguishing normal and difierent types of variant biliary anatomy were 83.3%(20/24),100%(34/34),100%(20/20),89.5%(34/38)respectively.Conclusion MRC can accurately assess the biliary anatomy in living liver donors and may guide the preoperative planning of liver transplant.

Objective:To observe the difference of results of treadmill exercise test (TET) between male smokers and non-smokers .Methods:A total of 200 men with long-term smoking ≥20 cigarette per day were screened from outpatients and treated as smoking group .Another 200 men with similar age ,who didn’ t smoke at all ,were regarded as non-smoking control group (control group) .There were no medical history for hypertension ,hyperlipidemia ,diabetes ,and were nega-tive for electrocardiography and color echocardiography (exclude left ventricular hypertrophy etc .organic heart disease) in two groups .TET results and incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within two years were compared between two groups .Results:Compared with control group ,there were significant rise in TET positive rate (37. 5% vs .57. 5% , P<0.001) and incidence rate of AMI (8.5% vs .17.5% ,P=0.007) within two years in smoking group .Conclusion:Risk of suffering from coronary artery disease is more high in smokers among men .

Objective To investigate the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC)of intravenous injection in the radiology department. Methods The data from 1352 cases of intravenous injection in the radiology department were analyzed retrospectively. Results The bulge in region of the intravenous injection have been found in 28 cases, regional cyanochroia in 52 cases, allergic response in 25 cases, hypoglycemia response in 58 cases. Conclusion It is important to strengthen the QA and QC of intravenous injection in the radiology department.

Objective To investigate the water quality of finished water of the centralized water supply system in Shenzhen according to 106 indexes of water quality standards of China.Methods The collection and preservation of water samples was according to the standard examination methods for drinking water-collection and preservation of water samples (GB/T 5750.2-2006).The sanitary quality of the finished water samples collected from 35 centralized water supply systems in cities were determined and evaluated according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006) in May of 2008.Results The average qualified rate of drinking water was 82.9% (29/35) in Shenzhen.Among 106 indexes,4 indexes (such as turbidity,aluminum,manganese and free chlorine residue) exceeded the standard limits in degrees in some centralized water supply system.Conclusion According to the results of the present paper,it is considered that the water quality of the product water from the centralized water supply system in Shenzhen is good.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of prostate stromal cells from different zones of normal prostate tissue on the growth of prostate cancer cells and their action mechanisms.

METHODSWe extracted stromal cells in the fresh normal prostatic tissue derived from the peripheral zone (PZ) or transitional zone (TZ), amplified them in vitro, and used the supernatants of the cells as conditioned media to culture hormone-resistant prostate cancer DU145 cells. We measured the growth curve of the tumor cells using the CCK8 method, determined the number and viability of the cells by trypan blue staining, evaluated their invasiveness by scratch test, and detected the effects of the stromal cells on the key enzymes in the glycolysis of the tumor cells by Western blot.

RESULTSThe conditioned medium with the PZ-derived stromal cells promoted, while that with the TZ-derived stromal cells inhibited the growth of the tumor cells. The former significantly increased, while the latter markedly decreased the expressions of the key enzymes hexokinase 2 (HK-2), pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM-2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the glycolysis of the tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONProstate stromal cells from different zones exert different influences on the growth of tumor cells, which may be associated with their different effects on the glycolysis of tumor cells.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Background: Endoscopic surgery of Western medicine has developed rapidly in treating ureteral calculi while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy also has its advantage, thus the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy may have an even better efficacy in dealing with this problem. Objective: To observe the clinical effects of sequential therapy of Quantong Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, combined with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy on ureteral calculi. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A total of 151 patients with ureteral calculi (stone diameter of 3 to 21 mm) from Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included, of which 106 patients with stone diameter of 3 to 10 mm were treated with Quantong Recipe for the first two weeks. Twenty patients with unexpelled stones and 45 patients with stone diameter of more than 10 mm were treated with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. The 65 patients except one open operation were divided into regular treatment group (32 cases) and regular treatment combined with Quantong Recipe group (32 cases) after lithotripsy. The efficacy was assessed after one week. Main outcome measures: Cure rate in the patients with stone diameter of less than 10 mm after two-week Quantong Recipe treatment was calculated, and clearance rate in the patients with residual stone for ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy after one-week Quantong Recipe treatment was also observed. Results: After taking Quantong Recipe for two weeks, the stones in 86 patients were completely discharged, and the stones in 6 patients were not completely discharged, but the unexpelled stones had moved down more than one segment of ureteral stenosis; the total response rate was 86.79% (92/106). The 64 patients with stones unexpelled or with stone diameter of more than 10 mm were treated with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy, and the clearance rate of residual stone was 93.8% in regular treatment combined with Quantong Recipe group, and was 71.9% in regular treatment group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sequential therapy of Quantong Recipe integrated with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy demonstrates a significant advantage of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy in treating ureteral calculi.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of the cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis in patients aged 90 years and older. Methods A total of 92 patients,aged 90 years or older,admitted to our hospital from July 2009 to July 2014 were respec-tively enrolled in this study. All participants underwent CTA to assess the presence and severity of atherosclerotic stenosis with intracranial and extracranial cerebral artery. The association between atherosclerotic stenosis and related risk factors were analyzed. Results The preva-lence of cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis was high in the cohort. The frequency of stenosis with intracranial artery was higher than the frequency with extracranial artery (86. 2% vs 44. 8%). The most common positions of cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis were the middle cerebral artery (43. 1%),the posterior cerebral artery (43. 1%),and extracranial vertebral artery (32. 8%). The mean age,body mass in-dex,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,and fasting blood glucose of stenosis group are significantly different from the non-stenosis group in single factor analysis (P<0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed body mass index was the independent risk factor of cere-bral artery atherosclerotic stenosis(β=1. 326,OR=3. 765,P<0. 05). Conclusion The prevalence of cerebral artery atherosclerotic steno-sis was high in the patients aged 90 years and older. Body mass index was the independent risk factor. The weight control should be pay atten-tion to prevent cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis and stroke.

Objective To compare eradication rates,safety and compliance of minocycline quadruple and tailored therapies in patients retreated for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection.Methods Between January 2014 and June 2014,135 patients with dyspepsia (18-70 years) and H.pylori infection after at least one previous eradication treatment at a tertiary hospital were randomly assigned to a 10-day treatment with minocycline quadruple therapy versus tailored triple regimen of PPI,amoxicillin and a third antibiotic.In the group of tailored therapy,medications were adjusted based on clarithromycin sensitivity and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C19 genotype.Eradication status was assessed 4-12 weeks after treatment.Results Although H.pylori eradication rates were higher in the minocycline therapy group than that in the tailored therapy group in intention-to-treat [84.1％ (95％ CI 75.0％-93.2％) vs 75.8％ (95％ CI 65.1％-86.5％),P =0.245] and per-protocol [88.3％ (95％ CI 80.3％-96.3％) vs 79.7％ (95％CI 69.7％-89.7％),P =0.197] analyses,the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant.The incidence of adverse effects and compliance between the two groups were also comparable.Conclusions The tailored therapy in this study had a poor eradication efficacy in the retreated patients with H.pylori infection.Minocycline quadruple therapy achieved a relatively satisfactory eradication efficacy and may be an alternative choice for the retreatment of H.pylori infection.Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-TRC-13003975.

Background and purpose:Stromal tumor is one of the common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. There is certain understanding about the typical cases. However, the diagnosis of those occurring in rare location or with rare imaging findings is often difficult. This research summarized this kind of cases,in order to increase the radiological knowledge of the disease.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed clinical, radiological and pathological data from 550 patients who had stromal tumor conifrmed by pathology in our hospital. Those with incomplete data were eliminated. Forty-nine patients were selected for further study according to the typical imaging findings.Results:Among these 49 patients, 9 were pathologically confirmed to have extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, while 40 patients had gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Among the patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 22 were found in rare locations, 12 in retroperitoneal space, 3 in omentum majus and mesenterium, 5 in esophagus, and 2 in prostate. Obvious cystic degeneration was found in 16 patients. Bulky calciifcation, such as lfake or annulus, was found in 7 patients. The analysis result of risk-stratiifcation showed 19 patients were conifrmed as high-grade among the patients with tumors found in rare locations, 15 as high grade among those with obvious cystic degeneration, and 7 as high-grade among those with extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Conclusion:Rare stromal tumor often occurs in the locations, such as retroperitoneal space, omentum majus and mesenterium. Obvious cystic degeneration and bulky calciifcation can be seen. The risk-stratiifcation of these patients often showed high-grade. Comprehensively analyzing its clinical features and imaging ifndings can help improve the diagnostic accuracy.