Objective To study the feasibility of trans-supraorbital keyhole approach microsurgery for sellar tumors.Methods The operation was conducted under combined intravenous general anesthesia and the patient was maintained at a dorsal position.A skin incision was made along the lateral eyebrow at 3.5~4.0 cm in length.The frontal muscle periosteous flap was draged upwards and the orbicularis muscle periosteous flap was dragged downwards.Then the tempotal muscle was dragged laterally.The position of the keyhole was located behind the temporal line.By using a milling cutter,a bone window 2 cm ? 3 cm in size was made medially.The inner margin of the supraorbital skull was shaped to expand the visual field of microsurgery.The cerebral dura mate was opened curvily,with the base directing to the orbital margin.The frontal lobe was elevated gently and the cerebrospinal fluid was drained.The tumor was fully exposed and resected.Results Total resection of tumor was achieved in 22 cases,and part of posterior tumor membrane remained in 2 cases of craniopharyngioma.Hypoadrenocorticism occurred in 1 case of ACTH adenoma after operation and a hormone replacement therapy was required. Temporary postoperative diabetes insipidus occurred in 8 cases and was relieved after 1 week.The postoperative urinary volume decreased significantly in 9 cases of preoperative diabetes insipidus.Visual disorder on the operational side was aggravated after operation in 1 case of tuberculum sellae meningioma,and was gradually improved after 1 week.No recurrence was observed under MRI examination in 18 cases at 3 months after operation.Conclusions Trans-supraorbital keyhole approach microsurgery is feasible,and it gives minimal operational trauma,thorough resection of tumor,and good cosmetic outcomes.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Mice ; Myoblasts ; cytology ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have mainly been caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. CVA16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. Based on an analysis of the complete VP1 coding region, all CVA16 strains can be divided into genotypes A, B1, and B2. Furthermore, genotype B1 can be divided into subgenotypes B1a, B1b, and B1c. After 2000, no reports of genotype B2 virus strains have been reported. All of the CVA16 strains reported in mainland China have belonged to subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Most CVA16-associated infections cause only mild symptoms; however, some CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to control the transmission and infection rate of this virus. A number of research groups are studying various vaccine types, including inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and DNA vaccines, amongst others. In this review, an overview is provided of the research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of CVA16.
Animals ; China ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN) and its rare pulmonary complications.Methods Clinical symptoms,treatment and prognosis of 1 child with TEN caused by carbamazepine were analyzed.Radiological images were reviewed to evaluate the manifestations and the outcome of chronic pulmonary complications associated with TEN.Results The patient had high fever shortly after a dosage increment of carbamazepine.A confluent erythematous exanthema developed rapidly into painful blistering with skin erosion,denudation and involvement of conjunctive and oropharyngeal mucosa.The diagnosis of TEN was made.The mucocutaneous damage was gradually recovered with steroid plus intravenous immunoglobulin for 3 weeks.However,the patient presented with respiratory failure in the recovery phase of TEN.The computer tomography revealed pulmonary bullae and pneumothorax in the right lung.Lung parenchyma was squeezed and pulmonary bullae ruptured with pneumothorax and atelectasis,which were absorbed gradually through thoracic drainages.The patient′s lung function and pulmonary bullae were partly improved during a 7-month follow-up.Conclusions TEN is a severe form of blistering skin di-sease which is characterized by an extensive loss of epidermis and mucous membrane.Chronic pulmonary complications may occur in recovery phase of TEN.Pulmonary bullae,which might be caused by mucous damage and respiratory obstruction,is a rare complication of TEN.

Objective:To investigate the effect of IL-35 on inflammatory response and T cell response in allergic rhinitis.Methods: 37 patients(observation group) with allergic rhinitis and 35 healthy volunteers(control group) after allergen detection of allergic rhinitisin in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Jan 2016 were selected as study subjects.The peripheral blood of observation group and control group were collected,and the serum levels of IL-35 were detected by ELISA.The animal model of allergic rhinitis in mice was established,the peripheral blood of mice was collected,and the serum level of IL-35 and IgE were detected by ELISA.The eosinophils that infiltrated in nasal mucosa were detected after tissue biopsy in mice.The mouse spleen cells were isolated and the ovalbumin antigen was added in the culture medium,IL-35 was or was not added into the culture medium,the ovalbumin specific T cell responses was detected.The cytokines IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in culture supernatant of ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by ELISA.The expression of IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Real-time PCR.The activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Western blot.Results: The serum level of IL-35 in observation group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).The results showed that the number of eosinophils which infiltrated in AR mice nasal mucosa was significantly higher than normal mice(P<0.05),while the serum level of IL-35 in AR mice was significantly lower than normal mice(P<0.05).Ovalbumin specific T cell reactivity assay showed that IL-35 could significantly inhibit the T cell response.ELISA and Real-time PCR results showed that IL-35 could significantly down regulate the expression of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23 and TNF-α,and up regulate the expression of IL-2,IL-10 and IL-27.The Western blot results showed that IL-35 can inhibit the activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway of ovalbumin specific T in cells.Conclusion: IL-35 can regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory response and inhibit T cell response,thus reducing allergic rhinitis,the mechanism may be through regulation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway activation.

Objective To observe the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy combined with motor imagery on unilateral spatial neglect (USN) in stroke patients. Methods Fifty stroke patients with USN were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n = 27 ) and a control group ( n = 23 ). Both groups received routine physical therapy training, including with the Bobath technique and low frequency electrotherapy, while the treatment group received constraint-induced movement therapy and motor imagery in addition. All the patients were assessed with 4 scales of the regular USN assessment ( cancellation tests, line bisection tests, clock drawing tests,copying drawing tests) and with the Barthel index (BI) before and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, both groups' average USN assessments and Barthel indices improved significantly. Furthermore, both the USN results and the Barthel index scores in the treatment group were, on average, significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusion For USN stroke patients, constraint-induced movement therapy combined with motor imagery improves the symptoms of USN and ADL ability significantly better than routine physical therapy treatment alone.

Objective To observe the function of immature CD8α+ dentritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Methods The bone marrow and spleen of C57BL/6(H-2b) and Balb/c (H-2d) mice were got to prepare immature CD8α+ DCs and spleen lymphocytes,and treated by mytomycin. MTT test was used.MLR group, MLR plus variable density syngeneic CD8α+ DC group, MLR plus variable density allogeneic CD8α+ DC group,MLR plus variable density CD8α+ DC supernatant group,CD8α+ DC plus syngeneic T cell group and negative control group were established. MLR group was set up by responder cell ratio of 0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,to build the MLR plus syngeneic and allogeneic CD8α+ DC experimental groups. Culture supernatant from different density (1 × 105/ml - 5 × 106/ml) of CD8α+DCs was added into MLR to build CD8α+ DC supernatant group. CD8α+ DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells to build CD8α+ DCs plus syngeneic T cells group. 2 × 105/well responder cells served as the negative control group. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the DCs could both suppress MLR (P＜0. 05), and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0. 05). When CD8α+ DCs were increased, the suppressive effect was enhanced. When CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞0. 2, the inhibitory effect could be observed, and this effect reached the peak when the ratio was 1.0. The CD8α+ DCs had weak ability to stimulate syngeneic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and certain stimulating effect could be seen only when CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞2 (P＜0. 05). Its culture supernatant also showed suppressive effect (P＜0. 05), and the supernatant with a cell density of 5 × 105/ml showed the maximum effect. IL-10 concentration in the concentration was 1.0 ± 1.2 pg/ml. Conclusion The in vitro function of immature CD8α+ DCs was immunosuppression/tolerance,and they could secret high level of IL-10. The CD8α+ DCs and their culture supernatant could suppress MLR in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with transition zone biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSA total of 489 patients with suspected PCa underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and SWE-guided prostatic biopsy. We evaluated the role of SWE combined with transition zone biopsy in promoting the detection rate in comparison with the results of biopsy pathology.

RESULTSThe pathological results confirmed 221 malignant and 268 benign cases. Based on systematic biopsy, SWE combined with transition zone biopsy achieved a detection rate of 45. 19% , significantly higher than that of systematic biopsy alone (33.13%) (P < 0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SWE were significantly better than those of TRUS (P < 0.05). The mean elasticity (Emean) of SWE was remarkably higher for malignant than for benign lesions ([40.1 ± 9.5] vs [21.6 ± 8.3] kPa, P < 0.05). With 28.5 kPa as the threshold of the Emean value, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 899, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 88.71% and 86.23%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSWE combined with transition zone biopsy could significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer.

Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; methods ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND:It is reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC)transplantation might be a promising treatment for liver fibrosis.But the mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the hepatic stellate cells apoptosis induced by BMSC transplantation,and to study the mechanism of BMSC in treating hepatic fibrosis in vivo.METHODS:CCl_4 subcutaneous injection was performed to induce rat liver fibrosis.After 8 weeks of CCU injection,20 rats which underwent successful model establishment were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,10 in each group.The experimental group received MSC transplantation via tail vein injection,and the control group were given DMEM instead.The rats were killed and the livers were harvested at three time point,the day of MSC transplantation,3 days after transplantation,and 7 days after transplantation.The hydroxyproline content was detected by HE and Masson staining,and the expression changes of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry.The apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells were determined by α-SMA and TUNEL(terminal dUTP nick-end labeling)dual-staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks of CCU injection,the hydroxyproline content increased and histology indicated progress of liver fibrosis.At 7 days after MSC transplantation,the hydroxyproline in the liver was decreased,and the liver fibrosis was alleviated in the experimental group but aggravated in the control group.Immunohistochemistry indicated that α-SMA positive cells were increased at 8 weeks after CCU injection.At day 7 after transplantation,α-SMA positive cells in the experimental group were significantly less than control group(P ＜ 0.05).At 3 days after transplantation,the hepatic stellate cells apoptosis in the experimental group was significantly aggravated compared with control group(P ＜ 0.05).This suggested that MSC transplant was an effective treatment for liver fibrosis.MSC inducing hepatic stellate cells apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: There is no accepted treatment for liver fibrosis recently. Bone marrow meaenchymal stern cells (BMSCs) used in the treatment of liver fibrosis has been reported as an effectively treatment, but the mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To study the regulation of hepatic stellate cells mediated by human BMSCs in vitro.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Center for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University and the Central Laboratory of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June to December 2008.MATERIALS: Human bone marrow masenchymal stem cells were collected from normal youth volunteers; Human hepatic stellate cells and normal liver call line L-O2 were supplied by the Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS: The purified human BMSCs and hepatic stellate calls were set up in Transwell co-culture system. The incubation density was 2×104cells/well. L-O2 was set up instead of human BMSCs as negative control. Hepatic stellate cells cultured alone served as blank control group. The culture was performed for 72 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of hepatic stellate cells and results of immunocytochemical staining. Apoptosis of hepatic stellte calls was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot were used to assay the expression of α-actin.RESULTS: Activated hepatic stellate cells presented fiat and thin shape under an inverted microscope. Fat drop was lack in cytoplasm, a -actin located in hepatic stellate calls, with the presence of high tension fibers. Compared with the L-O2 + hepatic stellate cell and hepatic stellate call groups, the apoptotic rate of hepatic stellate cells was significantly increased in the BMSC + hepatic stellate cell group (P < 0.05). α -actin expression was significantly down-regulated.CONCLUSION: Human BMSCs can inhibit activation of hepatic stellate ceils and promote them apoptosis, which may be the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism of BMSCs.