BACKGROUND:Compared with traditional autogenous bone graft, composite, as the carrier of seed cells, possesses advantages of fewer traumas and no limitation of donor site in repairing bone defect.OBJECTIVE: To observe the ability of the composite of β-tricalcium phosphate artificial bone-hyaluronic acid-type I collagen (β-TCP/HA/COL-I), as induced bone marrow stromal cell (MSC) carrier, to repair rabbit radial defect, and the feasibility with the composite as bone substitute material.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin HospitaL, Wuhan University.MATERIALS; The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University between September 2003 and July 2004. Thirty-one New Zealand big white rabbits, aged 6 months, with body mass of 1.5 to 2.0 kg were enrolled in this study. The rabbits were randomized into control group (n =4) and experimental group (n =27).METHODS : ①In vitro induction and culture of MSCs was performed on 31 white rabbits, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive ratio of induced MSCs was observed. The structure of β-TCP/HA/COL-I was observed under scanning electron microscope. ② A 2 cm radial defect was created through operation. Eight weeks later, composites of β-TCP/HA/COL-I/MSCs were implanted into one side of rabbits in the experimental group, and autogenous bone was implanted into the other side. Rabbits in the control group were untouched. ③All the animals in the experimental group were randomly sacrificed at postoperative 4,8 and 12 weeks, 6 rabbits at 4 and 8 weeks, 15 at 12 weeks; Animals in the control group were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Gross observation, X-ray photographing, haematoxylin-eosin (HE) dyeing, and assessment of inorganic ingredient were performed. Osteogenic area and biomechanical tests were performed at 12weeks. Repairing effects on bone defect in each group were compared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ALP positive ratio of induced MSCs; The structure of composite ofβ-TCP/HA/COL-I;Gross observation; X-ray photographing; HE dyeing and assessment of inorganic ingredient; Osteogenic area and biomechanical tests.RESULTS: All the 31 rabbits entered the stage of result analysis. ① The ALP positive ratio of cells reached 75% after induction and culture. ② Scanning electron microscope observation showed that 3 kinds of materials with abundant cellular structure distributed evenly. ③ The osteogenic area at 12 weeks was (72.5±3.6)% and (76.7±6.2)% in the experimental group and autogenous group, respectively (P ＞ 0.05). ④The maximum bending moment was (521.0±61.1) and (554.3±53.3)N·mm in the experimental group and control group, respectively; The maximum displacement at point of application of force was (0.816±0.071)and (0.870±0.103)respectively, without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). ⑤Inorganic ingredient in the composite was 75%, 57% and 42% at 4,8 and 12 weeks respectively, suggesting that the inorganic component in the material was gradually decomposed with the elongation of time. ⑥Results of gross observation,X-ray photographing, histopathological examination, biomechanical test showed that with the elongation of time, composite of β-TCP/HA/COL-I/MSCs could repair bone defect in the experimental group, while bone defect in the control group had not been repaired.CONCLUSTON: Composite of β-TCP/HA/COL-I /MSCs possesses the same effect on repairing bone defect as autogenous bone, so it may be used as autogenous bone graft substitute.

This article was aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and different processed products. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was screened with acarbose as positive control and by α-glucosidase inhibitory model in v itro . The results showed that the ex-tracts from the root of S. miltiorrhiza and different processed products had inhibitory activity. And the activity was higher than that of acarbose. In addition to the MeOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza carbon, the inhibitory activity of MeOH extracts from other processed products were higher than that of MeOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza. The in-hibitory activity of petroleum ether extracts of different processed products were close to S. miltiorrhiza. EtOAC extracts were lower than that of S. miltiorrhiza. The n-BuOH extracts were higher than that of S. miltiorrhiza. The inhibitory activity of extracts was positively correlated with concentrations, and it depended on the concentra-tion. It was concluded that the processed products of S. miltiorrhiza can strengthen α-glucosidase inhibitory activ-ity in different degrees.

Objective To compare the effects of propofol versus isoflurane on brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and explore the difference in the effects of the two anesthetics on the brainstem. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-50 yr without heating disorder, scheduled for elective surgery performed under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 15 each): propofol group (group P) and isoflurane group (group Ⅰ). SpO2, PET CO2, BIS and BAEP were continuously monitored before and during anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced by propofol administered by TCI or isoflurane inhalation. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg and SpO2 at 98%-100%. After intubation BIS was maintained at 70 and 50 respectively ,the latency of the wave Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅴ and the inter-peak latency (IPL) betwecn wave Ⅰ -Ⅲ , Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ -Ⅴ were recorded.Results In group P there was no significant difference in the latency of the wave Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ and the IPL between wave Ⅰ - Ⅲ , Ⅲ - Ⅴ and Ⅰ - Ⅴ between the baseline before anesthesia and at BIS 70 and 50. In group Ⅰ the latency of wave Ⅲ and Ⅴ and the IPL between wave Ⅰ - Ⅲ , Ⅲ - Ⅴ and Ⅰ - Ⅴ were significantly longer at BIS 50 than the baseline before anesthesia, while the latency of wave Ⅲ and Ⅴ and the IPL between wave Ⅰ -Ⅲ andⅠ -Ⅴ at BIS 50 were significantly longer than that at BIS 70. At BIS 50 the latency of wave Ⅴ and the IPL between wave Ⅰ -Ⅴ were significantly longer in group Ⅰ than in group P. Conclusion At comparable depth of anesthesia propofol exerts less depressant effects on BAEP indicating less depression of brainstem.

This study was aimed to assay the antibacterial activity of compounds from Rabdosia rubescens. Disc dif-fusion (K-B method) was used to screen the in vitro antibacterial activity. All kinds of chromatography were used to isolate the chemical constituent and structure was identified by MS and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that six compounds were isolated and identified as oridonin (1), rosmarinic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), salicylic acid (4), ferulic acid (5), vanillic acid (6). Oridonin had activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), β-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus (ESBLs-SA), and showed the highest ac-tivity (MIC is 3.125, 6.25 and 6.25 μg·disc-1, respectively), but was still weaker than that of berberine as positive control (MIC is 0.156 μg·disc-1). Ferulic acid had activity against SA and MRSA (MIC is 50 and 50 μg·disc-1, re-spectively). Salicylic acid had only activity against SA (MIC 50 μg·disc-1). It was concluded that oridonin, ferulic acid and salicylic acid were the main antibacterial activity compounds from R. rubescens.

Objective To Investigate the influence of high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic field (HIPEMF) on neural differentiation of neonatal rats neural stem cells in vitro.Methods Neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of 3-day-old neonatal rats and cultured with serum-free condition medium for 14 days.All the NSCs were then randomly classified into an experimental group which received the stimulation of HIPEMF (0.1 Hz,4 T,8 pulses) and a control group which received no special intervention.Differentiation of the culture was induced by addition of 10％ fetal bovine serum on the first day after intervention,the morphological changes of cells were observed under the microscope at different time points.The NSCs adhered to the wall and differentiated for seven days,the immunofluorescence was employed to observed and calculate the ratio of differentiated cells with astrocyte marker GFAP or neuronal markers TUJ1.RT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of the differentiated cells based on gene and protein levels,respectively.Results Immunofluorescence staining showed the number of TUJI positive cells in the experimental group(33.4％ ± 5.1％)was significantly more than the control group (26.5％ ± 7.0％),while the number of GFAP positive cells was decreased(23.9％ ± 5.0％) as compared with the control group(36.2％ ± 2.2％).RT-PCR showed that the TUJ1 mRNA expression levels in the experimental group was (1.682 ± 0.086) times of the control group.Western blot showed that the expression of TUJ1 (0.729 ±0.061) in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (0.590 ± 0.157),while the expression of GFAP in the experimental group (0.566 ± 0.056) was less than in the control group(1.034 ± 0.051).Conclusions HIPEMF facilitates differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons,at the cost of reducing astrocytic differentiation.

Traditional Chinese medicine industry is China's strategic emerging industry with great potential for self-innovation. Traditional Chinese medicine industry has successively experienced four stages which are the foundation (laying stage), the core status (establishing stage), the modern system (exploring stage), and the modernization system (constructing stage). Throughout the evolution of the self-innovation in traditional Chinese medicine industry, it presents distinct characteristics which we can explore the beneficial enlightenment.
Drug Industry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of conditioned medium of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells on mitochondrial function of cortical neurons and the protective effect of Tongluo Jiunao Injection (TJI) on it.

METHODSFour kinds of conditioned endothelial cell (EC) cultured medium were prepared, i.e. the N-CM medium prepared by EC cultured in the normal conditioned medium without any treatment; the NT-CM prepared by EC cultured in N-CM and treated with TJI 1 microl/ml for 10 h; the I-CM prepared by EC cultured in the non-glucose kreb medium under hypoxia condition; and the IT-CM by EC pre-treatce with TJI 1 microl/ml for 4 h and cultured as that of I-CM. The levels of neuronic mitochondrial activity, membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome C (Cyt C) were determined before and after the glucose-oxygen deprived model neurons of brain cortex being cultured with different kinds of conditioned EC cultured medium for assessing the effects of these media on mitochondria of injured neuron.

RESULTSAs compared with those of the normal neuron, the mitochondrial activity and MMP of all injured neurons decreased and Cyt C level increased significantly. But comparison of these indexes among neurons cultured with different conditioned EC culture media showed that the greatest extent abnormality revealed in the N-CM cultured neurons, which even greater than that in the model neuron; while that was less in the N-CM cutured neuron than in model neuron; as for those cultured in the NT-CM and IT-CM, i.e. the TJI treated cuture medium, the abnormal changes were reduced significantly when compared with those cultured in medium untreated with TJI (N-CM and I-CM), respectively (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe paracrine secretion of the brain microvascular endothelial cells has evident regulatory effect on survival of the injured neurons, which might possibly be related to its protective effect on neuron mitochondrial function, and TJI could enhance the protective effect.

Animals ; Capillaries ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; blood supply ; cytology ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; pharmacology ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats

Objective: To investigate the multi-imaging diagnostic values, especially MSCT technology in patients with congenital aortic diverticulum with its clinical application. Methods: The MSCT ifndings in 12 patients with congenital aortic diverticulum were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 9 patients with right aortic arch and 1 with left aortic arch, all of them having coexisted aberrant subclavian artery which initially dilated like aneurysm by diverticulum changing (Kommerell diverticulum), and there was 1 patient with incomplete double aortic arch with atresia of left arch combining retro-esophageal aortic diverticulum (RAD) and 1 patient with ducts diverticulum. Echocardiogram only made the suggestive diagnosis of speeding up blood lfow or right aortic arch in 4 patients. While MSCT accurately displayed the diverticulum for the location, morphology and with or without other complications. The post-eroanterior chest radiograph indicated “double aortic node” as the special sign in 8 patients. The echocardiogram, X-ray and MSCT for correctly diagnosing the aortic diverticulum were as 0, 72.7% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: MSCT is a rather ideal non-invasive diagnosing method for aortic diverticulum, meanwhile X-ray could also make suggestive diagnosis; if MSCT and X-ray joint with echocardiogram examination may provide the effective supplement for valve structure and hemodynamics condition in relevant patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of decreasing radiation dose and contrast media dose of abdominal CTA using low tube voltage setting combined with personalized contrast media application.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 3 groups,and there were 40 patients in each group.120 kV tube voltage was used in group A,and 100 kV tube voltage was used in group B and C.Personalized injection flow rate of contrast media which determined according to patient's body mass (injection flow rate =λ × body mass) was used for all groups,and the λ values for group A,B and C were 0.07,0.07 and 0.06 ml · kg-1· s- 1 respectively. CT dose index volume ( CTDIvol ) effective dose(ED) and contrast media dose were evaluated,and these parameters were all analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis.Image quality of abdominal aorta and branch arteries was rated using a three-point ordinal for all 3 groups,and image quality score was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsCTDIvol were (8.2±0.8),(6.0 ±1.0) and (6.1 ±1.1)mGy for group A,B and C,ED were (5.2 ±0.8),(3.5 ± 0.7) and ( 3.6 ± 0.6) mSv,and contrast media dose were (72.3 ± 10.3 ),(73.5 ± 11.3 ) and (61.6 ±9.4) ml,respectively.There were significant differences in CTDlvol,ED and contrast media dose among 3 groups ( F =66.094,77.812,15.919 ; P =0.000).Compare with group A,the ED of group B was decreased 32.7％,and the ED and contrast media dose of group C were decreased 30.8％ and 14.8％,respectively.Image quality was rated as excellent,good,and general for 20,19 and 1 patients in group A,25,15 and 0 patients in group B,and 23,17 and 0 patients in group C,respectively.There was no significant difference in image quality score among 3 groups ( x2 =1.492,P =0.474 ).ConclusionsThe radiation dose and contrast media dose can be decreased in abdominal CTA using low tube voltage and personalized contrast media apolication while image quality can be preserved.