Our experiments have shown that bee venom possesses effects of significantly increasing the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane,markedly decreasing the whole blood and plasma viscosities,accelerating erythrocyte microelectrophoresis speed and reducing erythrocyte rigidity index in rabbit. The results showed that bee venom can markedly change some of the parameters of hemorrheology,and possess certain effects in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

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Objective To explore the conventional MRI,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)characteristics and the pathological basis of angiomatous meningioma.Methods The conventional MRI,DWI and pathological manifestations of 7 cases with angioma-tous meningioma confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of the tumors and contralateral normal brain parenchyma were measured and compared with each other.Results Among the 7 ca-ses,5 cases were in the convexity of brain (4 cases in the frontal part and 1 case in the parietal part),and 2 cases in the parasella. 6 cases showed hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on T2 WI,and 1 case showed isointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI.The necro-sis within the tumor was seen in 2 cases.The flowing void phenomenon was seen in 6 cases.The significant peritumoral edema was seen in 5 cases on FLAIR.Significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1 WI was seen in all the cases.The average ADC value of the tumors (1.35×10 -3 mm2/s)was significently higher than that of the contralateral normal parenchyma (0.92 × 10 -3 mm2/s) (t=7.21,P <0.01).Mature vessel component was seen on pathological section in all the cases.For immunohistochemically analy-sis,the expression of vimentin (Vim)was positive in 6 cases and scattered positive in 1 case.The expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)was positive in all the cases.Conclusion The MRI features of angiomatous meningioma are closely correlated with rich blood vessels.The ADC value of the tumor is higher than that of the contralateral parenchyma,which is helpful for the diagno-sis.

BACKGROUND: Saving the humeral head is a challenge when the proximal humerus is fracture in orthopedic trauma, and how to obtain medial column support is a hot topic in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the general concept, clinical significance and function, the common injury mechanism of humeral calcar, and the progress using locking plate so as to improve the clinicians' understanding for the humeral calcar and to reduce the occurrence of surgical complications. METHODS: From 2004 to 2019, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer Link about the treatment and research progress of proximal medial wall of the humerus were searched by the first author. The key words were "proximal humeral fracture, Philos, intermedial screw, calcar screw, fibular allograft, middle support" in English, and "proximal humeral fracture, humeral spur, medial column, plate, fibular allograft" in Chinese. The references were retrieved by hand. Finally, 51 studies were used for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The range of the humeral calcar region is still unclear. There is no uniform classification standard for fractures involving the humeral calcar region. X-ray films show that calcar fracture patterns are often inconsistent with the actual fracture situation, which is often a complex fracture. Lack of understanding and paying litter attention to the humeral calcar region is the main reason of iatrogenic injury and the failure to get a good repair. (2) Treatment using the locking plate is still the preferred method for proximal humerus fracture. Meanwhile, it is a feasible method that using the screw, the allogeneic iliac bone graft, the bone cement or the medial plate to reconstruct the medial column if there is a "repairable medial wall". Getting anatomical reduction of the internal wall and effective support of the medial column during operation can help to reduce postoperative complications. However, the use of the medial buttress plate requires further research to verify. It is critical important to repair the rotator cuff for the medial column support. (3) The range of the humeral calcar region needs to be unified. Understanding the humerus calcar is essential for the treatment of proximal humeral fracture. Only by mastering the fracture mode of the humerus calcar and choosing the most appropriate surgical procedure before surgery, meanwhile, achieving anatomical reduction of the medial wall and the effective support of the medial column during operation can reduce the postoperative complications of the fracture. Repairing of the rotator cuff carefully during operation is indispensable for patients to obtain better shoulder function.

BACKGROUND:Animal models can be used to study specific scientific problems of intervertebral disc biology.Model of disc degeneration is mainly used to resolve the relevant disease mechanisms and scientific and security issues of the treatment.OBJECTIVE:To summarize currently used experimental animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration study,and to dynamically observe and confirm the pathological process of disc degeneration based on disc imaging,morphology,biomechanics and bi(o)chemicel changes.METHODS:Using "intervertebral disc degeneration,animal models,in vivo,in vitro" in English as the search words,Cochrane Library (No.1 2009),Cochrane Library Database of Controlled Clinical Trials (No.1 2009),MEDLINE from 1990 to March 2009,EMbase from 1990 to March 2009,Current Controlled Trials,and the National Research Register were retrieved.Literature was limited to English language.The disc imaging,morphology,biomechanical end biochemical composition and other indicators,as well as the pathological process of disc degeneration served as the evaluation indices.The articles related to the intervertebral disc cell culture models,the whole disc tissue culture model,mechanical model,injury model,biological model,genetically modified models,spontaneous models were included.The repetitive researches and those unrelated to animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The establishment of a reliable animal model can provide favorable conditions for studying the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration,at the same time,provides a good experimental vehicle for various researches about the repair treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration can be divided into two categories:in vitro models and in vivo models of disc degeneration and repair.The former can be assigned into disc cell culture models and whole disc tissue culture model;the latter is assigned into mechanical models,injury models,biological models,genetically modified models,spontaneous models and so on.The above models are commonly used in the study of the occurring mechanism of disc degeneration,as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of a variety of treatments.However,there is still no generally accepted animal models as an ideal disc degeneration model,various types of models reported have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Objective To discuss effective methods for treating hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage at the different sites. Methods Different operative methods were adopted in 85 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage at the different sites from January 2001 to August 2003 in this hospital. Small fenestration and hematoma clearance under local intensify anesthesia was conducted in 40 cases of hemorrhage under the cortex or in the lateral area of the basal ganglia and without brain hernia; small incision trepanation with suction and drainage of hemorrhage under local intensify anesthesia was used in 26 cases of hemorrhage in the medial area of the basal ganglia without brain hernia; craniotomy and hematoma clearance under general anesthesia was adopted in 11 cases of preoperative brain hernia and 6 cases of cerebellar hemispheric hemorrhage; lateral ventricle external drainage was adopted in 2 cases of brain stem hemorrhage involving into the fourth ventricle and also in these cases with ventricle involved. Results The overall mortality rate was 12 9% (11/85). There were no deaths in cases of hemorrhage without brain hernia,under the cortex, in the cerebellum, in the brain stem or in the lateral area of the basal ganglia.The mortality was 29 0% (9/31) in cases of hemorrhage in the medial area of the basal ganglia and 45 5% (5/11) in cases of preoperative brain hernia, respectively. Conclusions Small fenestration and hematoma clearance under local anesthesia is effective for hemorrhage under the cortex or in the lateral area of the basal ganglia and without brain hernia. Provided surgical treatment is early and adequate, the prognosis of cerebellar hemorrhage is excellent. Small incision trepanation with suction and drainage under local anesthesia exerts no appreciable effect on hemorrhage in the medial area of the basal ganglia.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of amlodipine in treatment of vasospastic angina systematically.METHODS:Literatures were retrieved from MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang database,etc.Data of literatures were analyzed using RevMan 4.2 software.RESULTS:3 RCTs were included in meta-analysis and 1 RCT was involved in descriptive analysis.Compared with diltiazem,amlodipine was similar to benidipine in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events;there was no statistical significance[OR=0.79,95%CI(0.57,1.10),P=0.16].Effective rate of amlodipine was significantly higher than isosorbide dinitrate,there were statistical significance[OR=7.33,95%CI(1.47,36.66),P=0.02].Compared with placebo,amlodipine could reduce occurrence times of angina significantly.CONCLUSION:Amlodipine is effective in treatment of vasospastic angina and can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with vasospastic angina.

Objective To determine the relationship between preoperative plasma D-dimer level and the lymphnode metastasis characteristics in colorectal cancer patients.Methods A total of 106 patients with colorectal cancer were studied in order to evaluate this relationship.Their preoperative plasma D-dimer levels were measured.Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.Results Significantly different plasma D-dimer levels were found with respect to histologic N(P ＜ 0.001).The number of lymph node metastases was found to have the strongest association with D-dimer level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation,P ＜0.001).The most useful cutoff of the plasma D-dimer levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 μg/mL.Conclusion Plasma D-dimer levels can help assess lymph node metastasis in patients with eophageal cancer and should be measured preoperatively.

Objective To observe the mechanism of the change in runx3 in gastric carcinoma its difference and with p53 mutation.Methods A total of 30 cases of gastric carcinoma were taken from clinical operation.PCR-SSCP method was used to detect mutations in exons 2,3,4 of runx3 gene in the gastric carcinoma.The methylation status of runx3 gene was examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR),PCR-SSCP method was used to detect mutations in exons 5,6,7,8 of p53 gene in the gastric carcinoma.Results Two cases with mutation were found,methylation of runx3 promoter region was confirmed in 87%(26/30) specimens of gastric carcinoma,53.3%(16/30)cases were confirmed with mutation in the p53 gene.The rate of methylation of runx3 was higher than the rate of mutation of p53(P

Objective To explore the expression of cell apoptosis regulatory elements in esophageal canceration course. Methods 60 specimens of esophageal carcinoma and corresponding adjacent no cancerous tissue were detected quantitatively by propidium iodide(PI) stain and indirect immunofluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) using flow cytometry(FCM) equipment. Results Expression of bcl-2 and c-FLIP in esophageal carcinoma was significantly higher, and Fadd, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 were significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (P <0.01). There was positive correlation between Fadd and Caspase-8 gene (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The expression of Fadd was positively correlated to Caspase-8. Comparing with normal epithelium and dysplasia tissue, DNA content and heteroploid cells were increased significantly in esophageal carcinoma. Conclusion During the esophageal canceration course, expressions of relevant cell apoptosis regulatory elements were abnormal. DNA content and heteroploid cells were increased significantly in esophageal carcinoma.