Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of "treating heart and brain diseases with same methods (Nao Xin Tong Zhi: NXTZ)" has great significance to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has been proven effective by a great deal of clinical researches. However, the underlying mechanism for this theory is still unclear. To provide insights into the potential mechanism of "NXTZ", this study attempts to deeply investigate the mechanism from two representative cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral apoplexy. First, various data resources were integrated to obtain different types of biomedical entities including drugs, targets, pathways and diseases. Then, three different approaches including text mining, biological network and enrichment analysis were utilized to recognize the potential common features between CHD and cerebral apoplexy, and the corresponding functions of drugs which could treat both diseases, thus unveiling the mechanism of NXTZ.
Brain ; drug effects ; Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; drug effects ; Humans ; Stroke ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate four methods for establishing animal models of human breast cancer bone metastasis. Methods Thirty-two female nude mice aged 4-6 weeks were divided randomly into four groups (n=8 in each group). 5×105 MDA-MB-231 cells were injected into the body via the left second mammary fat pads (group A), the tail veins (group B), the left heart ventricles (group C) and the left tibia marrow cavities (group D), respectively. Tumor formations in situ were recorded in group A. Deaths after the injection were recorded. The surviving nude mice 49 days after the injection were subjected to pathological examination to determine bone metastasis. Results The rate of tumor formation in situ of group A was87.5 %(7/8). One mouse in group C died after the injection of MDA-MB-231 cells. The bone metastasis rate in groups A, B, C and D was zero (0/8), 12.5 % (1/8), 71.4 % (5/7) and 100 % (8/8), respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the bone metastasis rate between group A and group C, group A and group D, group B and group C; and group B and group D. Conclusion Injections of tumor cells via the breast fat pads and tail veins were not suitablemethods to establish animal models of human breast cancer bone metastasis. The bone metastasis model could be established efficiently by injecting tumor cells into the left heart ventricles or the bone marrow cavity of nude mice.

Objective To analyze clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of the patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. Methods Clinical data of 125 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast treated at Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2008, were analyzed. The clinical characteristics, recurrence and survival of the patients were summarized. Results Median age of 125 patients was 45 years old (range, 27 to 76 years old). The patients with large tumor mass (≥ 3cm), positive local lymph node, more than Ⅱ stage and positive hormone receptor at diagnosis were 77 cases(61.6 %), 64 cases(51.2 %), 101 cases(80.8 %) and 112 cases(89.6 %), respectively. The median time of follow-up was 58 months (range, 11-222 months). Of the 125 patients, 32 had local recurrence and metastasis, and 18 died. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 82.2 % and 87.3 %, respectively. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that whether endocrine therapy or not was only a prognostic factor of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. Conclusion There is no difference in media age of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast at diagnosis from other pathologic type of breast cancer. These patients are usually with larger tumor masses, more lymph node metastasis and a higher proportion of positive hormone receptor. The prognosis of patients is not affected by clinicopathologic parameters.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in sepsis patients with different blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 252 sepsis patients, who were admitted in the Department of Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine) and met the inclusion criteria, were divided into lower level group (BUN<9.25 mmol/L) and higher level group (BUN≥9.25 mmol/L) according to BUN levels. The baseline data, complications, infection sites and other data were collected. TCM syndromes were judged according to the four diagnostic information of TCM and BUN levels. Variables with P<0.2 in univariate analysis were introduced as candidate variables, and the correlation between TCM syndrome elements and BUN was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results:The comparison of TCM syndromes showed that the proportion of blood stasis syndrome in higher level group was significantly higher than that of the lower level group [74.60% (94/126) vs. 53.17% (67/126), P<0.01)], and the proportion of toxic heat syndrome in the higher level group was significantly lower than that of the lower level group [52.38% (66/126) vs. 65.87% (83/126), P=0.029]. The comparison of TCM deficiency syndromes showed that the proportion of qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome in the higher level group was significantly higher than that of the lower level group [67.46% (85/126) vs. 45.24% (57/126), P<0.01; 11.90% (15/126) vs. 3.97% (5/126), P=0.032, respectively]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher blood urea nitrogen level was correlated with the increased incidence of qi deficiency syndrome ( OR=3.425, 95% CI: 1.934-6.068, P<0.01), yang deficiency syndrome ( OR=3.460, 95% CI: 1.160-10.325, P=0.026) and kidney deficiency syndrome ( OR=2.212, 95% CI: 1.173-4.173, P=0.014) in sepsis patients. Conclusion:Sepsis patients with higher blood urea nitrogen level have a higher proportion of blood stasis syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome and may be related to the increased incidence of qi deficiency syndrome, yang deficiency syndrome and kidney deficiency syndrome.

Histocytochemistry ; methods ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Immunohistochemical technique was an essential tool of conventional diagnosis,therefore,the application of immunohisto- chemistry in reformation of pathology laboratory teaching would boost pathological experimental teaching standards to a higher level.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated factors in Changsha county of Hunan province. Methods Using a stratified, multistage sampling, 1950 residents (older than 20 years old) from 3 towns of Changsha county were randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for the kidney damage indicators and the associated factors with CKD. Results Eligible data of 1727 subjects were enrolled in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender compenent, the prevalence of albuminuria was 8.5%, hematuria 5.1%, and reduced eGFR 1.5%. Approximately 14.6% subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage, and the awareness rate was 16.5%. Age, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes were independently correlated with albuminuria. Female, age, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were independently correlated with reduced renal function. Female was independently correlated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is 14.6% and the awareness rate is 16.5% in suburban adult population of the central south area of China. The spectrum and correlated factors of CKD in this county undergoing fast economic development are close to those of Guangzhou and developed countries.

Objective To evaluate the b value of diffusion-weighted(DW)MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Three diffusion-weighted sequences were implemented with 500,1000 and 2000 s/mm~2 b values respectively on 95 breast lesions in 83 patients.All lesions were confirmed by pathology.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and signal intensity (SI)were recorded and compared in different lesions(breast cancer,benign lesion,cyst and normal beast tissue)with the same b value and the same lesions with the different b values.Results(1)The mean ADC value and SI of breast cancer were 1.375?0.378 and 839.713?360.493 respectively with b= 500 s/mm~2,1.176?0.311 and 459.314?229.609 with b=1000 s/mm~2,0.824?0.198 and 243.825? 110.616 with b=2000 s/mm~2.The differences in the mean ADC value were significant between two type lesions(cancer and benign lesion,cancer and cyst,cancer and normal breast tissue)with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.But the significant differenee was only seen between cancer and benign lesions when b value was 2000 s/mm~2.(2)The one-side upper limits of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs were adopted as the point to separate the malignant from the benign lesions,the sensitivity was 70.92%, 70.73% and 69.77%,the specificity was 77.19%,75.70% and 54.76%,the accuracy was 77.12%, 74.32% and 62.35% respectively with b values of 500 s/mm~2,1000 s/mm~2 and 2000 s/mm~2.The areas under ROC eurves were Az_(500)=0.775?0.046(P0.05).Conclusion DWI MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.

Objective To develop a novel endoscopic classification system to determine the invasion depth of early esophageal cancer.Methods The esophageal lesion was endoscopicaUy stained with Lugol's iodine first,then methylene blue.According to the growth pattern,height and cup depth under endoscope,the lesions were classified into 5 types,including surface diffusion growth,intra-lumen growth,intra-wall growth,bi-direction growth and mix growth types.The lesions were then removed by endoscopic mucosa reection or surgery,the precise invasion depth of the lesion was determined pathologically and the results were compared with the endoscopy classification.Results The data of 44 cases of esophageal mucosal cancer and 34 cases of esophageal sub-mueosal cancer were included.With the criteria of mucosal cancer as surface diffusion growth,intra-lumen growth <5mm,bi-direetion growth <2mm and intra-wall growth <0.5 mm,the diagnostic specificity was 89.1%(41/46) and sensitivity was 93.2%(41/44).With the criteria of submucosal cancer as intra-lumen growth≥5 mm,hi-direction growth≥2mm,intra-wall growth≥0.5 mm and mix growth type,the diagnostic specificity was 90.6%(29/32) and sensitivity was 85.3%(29/34).The overall diagnostic accuracy in differentiating esophageal mucosal cancer from esophageal submueosal cancer by endoscopic classification was 89.7%(70/78).Conclusion This endoscopic classification system is effective in differentiating esophageal mucosal cancer from submucosal ones.