Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor. Animal models of pancreatic cancer included xenograft models, carcinogen induced models, genetically engineered models. Xenograft models are relatively reliable and feasible, but the growth pattern is different between serve immunodeficienct animals and human beings. Carcinogens induced models simulated the environmental factors to reconstruct the development of pancreatic cancer. But carcinogens could have other biological effects. Genetically engineered models could make the occurrence of pancreatic cancer at the molecular level. But it is difficult to control the transgenic product accurately. No model could meet all the needs of different experiments. It is important to choose a suitable animal model in different experiments.

Objective To study the expressions of the tumor suppressor gene TSH receptor( TSHR),P16, and RAS in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) , and the correlation between the occurrence of tumor and the aberrant promoter hypermethylation of three tumor suppressor genes. Methods RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of three tumor suppressor genes in tissues of 50 cases of PTC ,20 cases of nodular goiter,and 12 cases of thyroid adenoma. The promoter methylation status of three tumor suppressor genes was examined by methylation-specific PCR technique( MSP). Gene sequencing was used to test if the hypermethylation existed in the promoter of three tumor suppressor genes. Results In 68.0% (34/50) TSHR gene, 54.0% (27/50) P16 gene, and 60.0% ( 30/50 ) RAS gene in PTCs, hypermethylation in promoter region was detected, the respective results 21.9% (7/32) , 15. 6% (5/32) ,and 31. 3% (10/32) were found in control tissues. The rates of the three genes with promoter hypermethylation in PTC were significantly higher than those in control tissues ( all P<0. 05). The mRNA expressions of TSHR,P16,and RAS were significantly lower in PTC than those in control tissues (0. 41 ± 0.11 vs 0.63±0. 08,0. 51±0. 17 vs 0. 72±0. 22,0. 56±0. 10 vs 0. 67±0. 16, all P<0. 05). The sequencing confirmed that there was CC to TC transmission in the promoters of three tumor suppressor genes. Conclusions The methylation of three tumor suppressor genes in promoter region is a common molecule event and may be involved in the genesis and development of human PTC.

BACKGROUND: Presently, there is not an optimal cryopreservation protocol of the microcapsules, which has restrained the application of the microcapsules. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of ice crystal and the morphology of alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules cryopreserved at different solutions and different cooling rates, and to explore the optimal cryopreservationprotocol for ACA microcapsules. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Cryomicroecope in Shanghai University of Science and Technology (China) from February to April in 2008. MATERIALS: The high-voltage pulsing microcapsule shaping device was used to prepare ACA microcapsules.METHODS: The ACA microcapsules were preserved at different cooling rates (1 ℃/minute, 10 ℃/minute, 30 ℃/minute and 100 ℃/minute) by the cryomicroscopy system and then rawarmed at 50 ℃/minute. The protocols were repeated after the supplement of 10% dimethyl sulphoxide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The growth of ice crystals and the morphology of ACA microcapsules were checked at different cooling rates and in different solutions. The changes of forms and the rates of damage were checked after the microcapsules were rewarmed.RESULTS: The ice crystals grew into big crystals at the freezing process when the cooling rate was low than 10 ℃/minute and cryoprotector was not used. The growth of ice crystals would result in the distortion of microcapsules. It also could reduce the cryodamage of the microcapsules. The size of the ice crystals would grow down when raising the cooling rate and using thecryoprotector. The post-thaw ACA microcapsules were intact when dimethyl sulphoxide was used at a concentration of 10% and the cooling rate was higher than 30 ℃/minute (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mechanical damage occurs mainly during the growing of ice crystals at the time of microcapsules cryopreservation process. The growth of the ice could be restrained effectively by raising the cooling rate and using the cryoprotector.

OBJECTIVETo investigate therapeutic effects of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of soft tissue defect combined with tendon and bone exposure.

METHODSFrom October 2007 to February 2011, 397 patients (412 feet) with open ankle fracture and dislocation combined with soft tissue defected were treated by VSD. There were 301 males and 96 females with an average age of 36 years (ranging age from 20 to 73 years). According to AO classification, 74 feet were type I, 211 feet were type II, 108 feet were type III and 19 feet were type IV. The mean time from injury to operation was 5.6 h ( 2 to 12 h). The mean treatment time of was 10 months (4 to 19 months).

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-one patients were primarily healed, 97 patients were sutured at stage II. Split-thick skin grafting was performed at stage II was performed in 103 patients; free flap transplantation was performed in 25 patients. Three of the 34 patients with infection were removed steel plate; Eviscerate flap coverage wound was performed in 14 patients caused by the first metatarsal bone exposure; Toe amputation were performed in 22 cases caused by toes necrosis. Tarsometatarasl joints perforators' surgery was performed in 10 patients with forefeet necrosis. Thirty hundred and six patients were followed up from 3 to 20 months (averaged 10 months). The wounds healed well.

CONCLUSIONVSD for soft tissue defects caused by ankle injury is a simple and effective method, but can not replace debridement and transfer flap.

Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Fractures ; Debridement ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum ; Young Adult

Objective To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and efficacy of surgical treatment of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism. Methods From December 2002 to April 2013, 41 patients w ith moyamoya syndrome based on the disease of hyperthyroidism admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA w ere analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data w ere colected, including sex, age of onset, initial symptoms, progress symptoms, imaging features, Suzuki staging, and surgical efficacy, and they w ere compared w ith the clinical data of the patients w ith moyamoya disease treated at the same time. Results The ratio of male to female w as about 1∶4 in moyamoya syndrome patients w ith hyperthyroidism. The peak age of onset w as 25 to 34 years old. Compared w ith the patients w ith moyamoya disease at the same period, the proportion of patients w ith cerebral infarction as initial symptom w as higher in the moyamoya syndrome group ( 39.0% vs.24.2%; χ2 = 4.796, P =0.029), more patients had symptomatic progression (46.3% vs.25.4%; χ2 =9.207, P =0.002), and the proportion of of patients w ith cerebral hemorrhage as initial symptom w as low er ( 2.4% vs.14.6%; χ2 = 4.829, P =0.028). Thirty-seven patients w ho received encephalo -duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) w ere folow ed up for 43 ± 19 months. The results show ed that the clinical symptoms of 31 patients had different degrees of improvement. Conclusions Moyamoya syndrome of hyperthyroidism is more common in w omen. The risk of cerebral infarction is higher and more prone to have disease progression. The efficacy of EDAS is better for controling the progression of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism.

Objective To explore the effect of chemotherapy on serum IL-6 expression in cancer patients with T2DM. Methods Eighty patients were divided into the malignant tumor group with T 2DM (n=40) and the malignant tumor group without T2DM (n=40).All the patients were given two cycles of chemotherapy .2 ml of fasting venous blood in the morn-ing before and after the day of chemotherapy was collected .Then the serum was separated .Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure the level changes of serum IL-6.20 cases of healthy people were selected for compari-son.Results The expression of serum IL-6 in groups with or without T2DM was significantly higher than in the normal control group before the first cycle of chemotherapy (P<0.05).The expression of serum IL-6 was decreased in the different-cancer group with T2DM after the first cycle of chemotherapy .But the level was increased after the second cycle of chemo-therapy (P<0.05).The expression of serum IL-6 showed a continuous decrease after the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy in the group without T2DM(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The expression level of serum IL-6 declines after the first cycle chemotherapy in the malignant tumor groups with T2DM or without T2DM but rises in the malignant tumor group with T2DM after the second cycle chemotherapy .

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of different nutritional support mdoes on humoral immunity and outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal carcinoma.MethodsForty-six patients with middle or low thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.The patients were randomized into enteral nutrition group ( EN,n =23 ) and enteral combined parenteral nutrition group ( EN + PN,n =23 ) based on the nutrition support modes.Serum levels of immunoglobulin (IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE,κ/λ light chain) and comphments (C3/C4) were assayed and compared on the 1st pre-operative day and at 18 hours as well as 3rd and 7th day after operation.The clinical outcomes including infection-related complications and hospital stay were compared between two group s.ResultsThere was no significant difference in all humoral immunity indicators between two groups at the eachpost-operative time point.In both two groups,the levels ofIgG [ (8.90 ± 1.75),(7.53 ±1.41) g/Land (8.64±2.44),(7.48±2.16) g/L],κ [ (2.14±0.46),(1.78±0.41) g/L,and (2.15 ±0.63),( 1.86 ± 0.62) g/L] and λ light chain [ ( 1.34 ± 0.45 ),( 1.11 ± 0.31 ) g/L and ( 1.20 ± 0.32),( 1.08 ± 0.35 ) g/L] were significantly lower 18 hours and 3rd day after operation than the pre-operative levels [ (12.15±2.86)and (11.11±2.96) g/L,(2.90±0.77) and (2.77±0.79) g/L,(1.79±0.57) and (1.56±0.41) g/L] (P=0.000,P=0.000,and P=0.004,P=0.000,and P=0.000,P=0.000,and P=0.011,P=0.000,and P=0.004,P=0.000,and P =0.008,P =0.000),and returned to the preoperative levels by the postoperative 7th day (P＞0.05),except for the level of κ light chain 7th day after operation in EN group [ ( 2.42 ± 0.69) g/L] ( P =0.027 ).The levels of IgA,IgE,and C3 were not significantly different during the perioperative period ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The level of IgM was not significantly different during the perioperative period in EN group (P ＞0.05),and was significantly lower on the 3rd post-operative day [ ( 1.00 ±0.53) g/L] than the pre-operative level [ ( 1.47 ±0.76) g/L] in the EN + PN group (P =0.031 ),and were not significantly different on the other time points (P ＞ 0.05 ).In the EN group,the C4 level was significantly lower at the postoperative 18 hours [ (0.24 ±0.08) g/L] than the pre-operative level [ (0.37 ±0.36) g/L] (P =0.030),and were not significantly different at the other time points ( P ＞ 0.05 ).In the EN + PN group,the C4 level was not significantly different during the perioperative period ( P ＞ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the infection-related complications and hospital stay between these two groups ( P =0.300,P =0.371 ).ConclusionsThe effects of EN or EN + PN on humoral immunity and outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal carcinoma are not different.Both these two nutritional support modes can not completely alleviate the harm to the humoral immunity.The EN is more cost-effective.

Sixty-one newly-diagnosed diabetic patients from high altitude area were treated individually plus metformin 1.5 g/d for 14 days. The difference of oxygen partial pressure was 3.5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133kPa) between altitude 2 260 m and 2 780 m districts. In these patients, their serum lactic acid was increased before treatment. At altitude 2 780 m district, serum lactic acid in middle-aged and elder groups were even higher [(3.90±0.85 vs 3.65±0.70), (4. 67±0.80 vs 3.69±0.78) mmol/L, both P＜0. 05＝. After 14-day treatment, serum lactic acid in middle-aged diabetic patients remained statistically unchanged [(4.50±0.50 and 3.79±0.62 ) mmol/L, P＞0.05], while that in elder patients was increased significantly [(5.59±0.55 and 5.27±0.43 ) mmol/L,P＜0. 05]. The results suggested that metformin should not be used or be used carefully in elder diabetic patients at high altitude area.

In the present study,healthy adults who had been residing at the average altitudes of 6,2260,and 2800 m for 10 years were recruited,and the number of red blood cells,the levels of hemoglobin,and HbA1C were tested.The results showed that the level of HbA1C in altitude 2800 m group was higher compared with the other 2 groups(5.80％ ± 0.50％ vs 5.39％ ± 0.47％,P＜0.05 ).Therefore,this difference should be considered when diagnosis and treatment for diabetes mellitus were made in the region.

Objective: To evaluate the occupational health risk of key posts exposed to cement dust in four cement production enterprises, and to provide reference for cement pneumoconiosis prevention and control. Methods: Four Chinese typical cement enterprises and key posts exposed to cement dust were selected to carry out occupational health investigation and detection, and three risk assessment methods were used to assess their occupational health risk levels, including semi-quantitative comprehensive index method, semi-quantitative contact ratio method and risk rating method of International Mining and Metal Commission ( ICMM ). Meanwhile, the differences and consistencies among different assessment methods were compared. Results: Dust free silica content ranged from ( 4.70±2.01 ) % to ( 5.63±2.48 ) %,and the total and respirable dust concentrations exposed by bagged cement loaders and cement baggers exceeded Chinese permissible concentration-time weighted average（ PC-TWA ）. The results of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method showed that all the types of work were at high risk of total and respirable dust, while the results of the other two assessment methods showed that bagged cement loaders and cement baggers were at a extremely high or intolerable risk. There were no significant differences among three risk assessment methods whether in terms of total dust or respirable dust ( P>0.05 ). ICMM risk rating method and contact ratio method showed highly positive correlation in term of respirable dust ( rs=0.894, P=0.016 ), but not in term of total dust ( rs=0.733, P=0.097 ). However, the correlations of comprehensive index method with the other two methods were unable to conduct. Conclusion Bagged cement loaders and cement baggers are at high occupational health risk levels. Moreover, semi-quantitative contact ratio method and ICMM risk rating method have high positive correlation in term of respirable dust, the applicability of comprehensive index method still needs further study.