Pancreatic abscess(PA)is the most serious complication of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),which can lead to systemic and/ or local complications,and even death. PA cannot be resolved automatically after the formation. Once diagnosed,early drainage,anti-infection and nutrition support should be undertaken,the most important is early drainage. In the past,the treatment of PA was mainly based on surgical treatment. With the development of minimally invasive techniques,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guided drainage and percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD)offer a new way for the treatment of PA. Preventing and early diagnosis of PA become a challenge in the treatment of SAP. This article reviewed the progress in diagnosis and treatment of SAP complicated with PA.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; therapy

Objective To explore the effects of AKT2 expression in pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 on the sensitivity towards to gemcitabine.Methods The expression vector pAKT2 shRNA was constructed and transfected into Panc-1 cells by lipofecton.The mRNA and protein expression levels of AKT2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assays,respectively.The changes of gemcitabine sensitivity after shRNA were examined by the MTT assay.Results The mRNA and protein levels of AKT2 in Panc-1 cells were significantly decreased after the transfection,and the median inhibition concentration of gemcitabine against Panc-1 cells was reduced from (1.96 ± 0.22) mg/L to (0.24±0.03) mg/L.The sensitivity of Panc-1 cells to gemcitabine was increased significantly after pAKT2-shRNA transfection.Conclusion The sensitivity of Panc-1 cells to gemcitabine could be enhanced by pAKT2-shRNA.

Objective To study the effect of RNA interference suppressing the expression of AKT2 on sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cell line xenograft in nude mice to gemcitabine.Methods The human pancreatic cancer cell implanted tumor mode1 in the nude mice was established.By abdominal cavity administration and intratumoral injection,the mice bearing tumor were treated with gemcitabine in combination with vector of pAKT2-siRNA.Tumor growth of tumor tissues was observed,the AKT2 mRNA and protein expression levels in tumor tissues detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively,and tumor apoptosis measured by Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results In chemotherapy+AKT2-siRNA group the expression of AKT2 mRNA and protein was significantly lower than in control group,chemotherapy group and chemotherapy+blank plasmid group.The tumor weight and tumor volume in chemotherapy+AKT2-siRNA group were significantly reduced as compared with those in other three groups.The inhibition rate and apoptosis rate in chemotherapy+AKT2-siRNA group were significantly higher than those in other three groups.Conclusion Sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cell line to gemcitabine could be significantly improved by RNA interference suppressing the expression of AKT2.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effects and safety of compound glycyrrhizin injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of enteron malignant tumor at intermediate and advanced stage.METHODS:100patients were randomized into treatment and control group,the treatment group were given compound glycyrrhizin injection combined with chemotherapy,while the control group was treated with only chemotherapy,the curative effects and side effects were observed and compared between2groups.RESULTS:The short-term effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were58%and36%respectively(P

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) measurement in predicting the car-diotoxicity of malignant tumor patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy. Methods:The clinical medical records, including CK-MB and cTnI levels and dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters before and after each chemotherapy cycle, of 140 patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Patients were divided into the DC>4.5 ms group and the DC≤4.5 ms group based on the calculated DC values. The CK-MB and cTnI levels and the dynamic ECG parameters of the two groups were compared af-ter two and four cycles of chemotherapy. Results:Patients in the two groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in their rele-vant clinical and pathological data before receiving chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, after four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group showed a significantly greater increase in serum CK-MB and cTnI concentrations over the pre-chemotherapy levels compared with the DC>4.5 ms group. After two and four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group also exhibited a significantly greater in-crease in mean heart rate (beats/min) and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts (times/24 h) over the pre-chemotherapy values compared with the DC>4.5 ms group (P<0.05). After four cycles of chemotherapy, 23 cases showed abnormally elevated cTnI levels in the DC≤4.5 ms group. In this group, patients with elevated cTnI level exhibited no statistically significant difference in CK-MB and cTnI concentrations, mean heart rates, and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts compared with those with nor-mal cTnI level before chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, the DC values of patients with elevated cTnI were significantly lower than those with normal cTnI level (P<0.05). Conclusion:The risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity increased with decrease in DC value. The DC test was shown to be an effective predictor of the risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective To improve the knowledge,diagnostic level on concealed penis in children,and explore the operative treatment methods of concealed penis.Methods Ten children with concealed penis were reviewed retrospectively in the First Hospital of Jilin University from Jun.2005 to Jul.2007.Patients were 6-12 years old.Penis length was 1.2-2.6 cm.Patients growthing and micturition were normal,the results of androgne and estrogen examination were normal.The etiology was simple obesity in one case,fiber streak of penis sarcolemma in 9 cases.The clinical symptoms and signs,diagnosis and operative method were analyzed.Results The diagnosis of 10 children were correct,and all patients were treated by Devine's operation and 10 cases patients had healed in one stage.There was no vessel,nerve and urethra injury during the operation.The length of penis was 3.0-5.5 cm,average in 3.6 cm after operation.Followed up 3 months to 2 years,10 children's phimosis were removed,the micturition were normal;the appearance of penis was also satisfactory after operation.One patient with under-developed penis had a amelioration after treatment with HCG postoperatively.The penis contour was dissatisfactory in 1 obesity patient,but it was ameliorated gradually while growing up.Conclusions The correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis are very important for operative treatment depend on the different etiology and pathologic changes of concealed penis.Suitable operation can extend the length;moreover,ameliorate the symptom of micturition and the appearance of the penis.

To construct an immortalized rat astrocyte strain genetically modified by rat preprogalanin gene (IAST/GAL) and detect its galanin (GAL) expression and secretion, a cDNA fragment of rat GAL in plasmid of pBS KS(+)-GAL was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+) by DNA recombinant technology, then the restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing were carried out to evaluate the recombinant. The pcDNA3.1 (+)-GAL and pcDNA3.1 (+) construct were transfected into immortalized rat astrocyte strain (IAST) by lipofectamine and the population of cells which stably integrated the construct was selected with 600 microg/mL G418. Individual clones were screened and expanded into clonal cell strains. Detection of Neo gene was used to validate the success of the transfection. Immunocytochemical staining, RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay were used to detect the expression and secretion level of GAL. The recombinant had been successfully constructed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Detection of Neo gene showed that the pcDNA3.1 (+)-GAL and pcDNA3.1 (+) have been successfully transfected into IAST. After selection by using G418, IAST/GAL and IAST/Neo cell strains were obtained. IAST/GAL, IAST/Neo and IAST were immunostained positively for GAL, but the GAL average optical density of IAST/GAL was significantly higher than that of IAST/Neo and IAST (P< 0.01). The level of GAL mRNA expression and the supernatant concentration of GAL in cultured IAST/GAL were significantly higher than those of IAST and IAST/Neo (P<0.01), but no significant differences were found between the IAST and IAST/Neo (P>0.05). It was concluded that IAST/GAL strain was constructed successfully and it might provide a basis for the further study of pain therapy.
Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cells, Cultured ; Galanin/*biosynthesis ; Galanin/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Transfection