Objective To study the effect of tetracaine jelly on hemodynamics during extubation period in general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients who performed tracheal cannula and general anesthesia were divided into control group (50 patients) and experiment group (50 patients) by random digits table method.Control group:sterile paraffin oil was applied to the endotracheal tube.Experiment group:tetracaine jelly was applied to the endotracheal tube.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the anesthesia induction(T1),5 min after stopping infusion drugs (T2),1 min after tracheal extubation (T3),3 min after tracheal extubation (T4) and 5 min after tracheal extubation (T5) were observed.The resistant effect after waking and the number of sore throat,hoarseness were recorded.Results The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T1 and T2 had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T3-T5 in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [SBP:(122.3 ± 11.3),(120.0 ± 9.8),(112.0 ± 6.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(158.3 ± 15.0),(142.5 ± 13.5),(133.0± 14.5) mmHg;DBP:(75.0 ± 13.5),(75.8 ± 10.5),(58.3 ±4.2) mmHg vs.(111.0 ± 20.3),(106.5 ± 12.8),(63.8 ± 15.8) mmHg;HR:(81.9 ± 13.7),(83.6 ± 13.4),(60.7 ± 3.5) times/min vs.(113.5 ± 19.4),(117.5 ± 21.7),(71.8 ± 14.6) times/min](P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of tolerance in experiment group was higher than that in control group [96％(48/50) vs.56％(28/50)],the rate of sore throat and hoarseness were lower than those in control group [6％ (3/50) vs.48％ (24/50),4％ (2/50) vs.36％ (18/50)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetracaine jelly can reduce the cardiovascular response of tracheal extubation,enhance the tolerance of tracheal tube and decrease the morbidity of sore throat and hoarseness.

Objective To suty the MRI manifestations of juvenile acute articular cartilage injury of the knee joint.Methods MRI findings of cartilage,subcartilage low signal line and subcarilage bone were analysed retrospectively in 53 juvenile patients (ranged in age from 4~27 years) with acute articular cartilage injury confirmed by arthroscopy.Results Sixty-nine cartilage injuries were showed by MRI in 53 patients,including patellas in 25,femoral lateral condyles in 22,femoral medial condyles in 11,trochlea of the femur in 2,and tibial plateau in 9.Acute articular cartilage injury appeared as pure cartilage fracture in 46, including complete split of the cartilage in 22 sites,partly split of the cartilage in 20 sites,and fissur-like fracture in 4 sites.Osteochondral fracture were observed in 23 sites,including avulsion fracture in 13 and osteochondral subsided in 10.Articular cartilage loose bodies and osteochondral loose bodies were found by MRI in 6 and 13,respectively.Conclusion MRI is the best non-invasive method for studying cartilage injury.

Genotypes of estrogen receptor gene (ER) α and β in 110 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 100 control subjects were examined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism.The haplotype analysis was conducted by SHEsis on-line computing platform.The results showed that there were no differences in the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of ERα at Xba Ⅰ and Pvu Ⅱ enzyme cutting sites between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There existed significant differences in the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of ERβ at Rsa Ⅰ and Alu Ⅰ enzyme cutting sites between these two groups (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01).The risk of NAFLD in postmenopausal women with R or a allele was 1.833 (95％ CI1.209-2.779,P＜0.05)or 1.782 (95％ CI 1.037-3.061,P＜0.05) fold of that with allele r or A.The frequency of r-A haplotype in ERβ was significantly lower in NAFLD group than that in control group (OR =0.529,95％ CI 0.348-0.805).Logistic regression analysis showed the relationship of fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,body mass index,diastolic pressure,Alu Ⅰ genotype with NAFLD (all P＜0.01).The risk of NAFLD in postmenopausal women with Aa/aa genotype was 1.345 (95％ CI 1.028-2.505,P＜0.05) folds of that with AA genotype.

Objective To investigate the galectin-3 expression in squamous carcinioma of esophagus and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods S-P immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of galectin-3 in 80 paraffin-embedded specimens of esophageal carcinoma and 22 specimens of normal tissues adjacent to the benigh lesions of esophagus.RT-PCR was performed to detect galectin-3 mRNA expression in 36 pairs of fresh squamous carcinoma tissues and corresponding adjacent normal mucosa.Results Out of 80 specimens of squamous carcinoma of esophagus,62 specimens had positive expression of galectin-3,with the positive rate of 77.5%(62/80)that was significantly higher than 27.27% in normal esophageal tissues(6/22,P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the calcium ion and the effects of ECA on the contraction of the smooth muscles of Oncomelania foot, and explore the mechanism of ECA in decreasing the snail climbing adhesion and increasing snail-killing. Method The in vitro experiment was used to observe the effects of ECA on contraction activities of foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania. Results ECA 5. 0, 10. 0, 20. 0 mg/L. enhanced the resting tension, decreased the contraction range and increased the contraction frequency of the foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania in Ringer's solution with or without Ca2+ , with a characteristic of the dose-dependent, but stronger in solution with Ca2+ than that in solution without Ca2+. Conclusions ECA can enhance the resting tension, decrease the contraction range and increase the contraction frequency of the foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania. This suggested that ECA could be related to increasing the intracellular Ca2+ release and influx of the extracellular Ca2+. This could provide an explanation why ECA decreases the rate of Oncomelania climbing adhesion and enhances snail-killing.

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for Qingfei Xiaocuo gel depend on this method. Using improved Franz type diffusion cell and excised rat skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the receptive solution fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts (Q12) and enhancement ratio (ER), the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. Compare to the control group, the ER of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% menthol manifested the best effect. PCA represent most information in the receptive solution, the method above could choose the best penetration enhancers, it could be a reference for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skin ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the influence of Eomecon chionanthe alkaloids(ECA)on differential expression of liver proteins from Oncomlania hupensis.Methods O.hupensis was immersed in 10 mg/L ECA or clean water for 36 h and livers were isolated from live snails.Total liver proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,differentially expressed proteins between ECA group and clean water group were selected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS)and tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of tryptic peptides.Results There were(354?110)and(311?12)spots observed in ECA group and in water group,respectively.Eleven differential expressed proteins were identified and all were up-regulated in ECA group.The eleven identified proteins were hypothetical protein,ENSANGP00000022175,class I aldehyde dehydrogenase,unknown protein,ENSANGP00000027067,protein similar to ankyrin 3 isoform 1 isoform 4,protein similar to hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 short form,mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2-like,protein similar to keratin,keratin-10,and keratin-1,respectively.Conclusion Expression of liver proteins from O.hupensis could be changed when immerse in ECA.

BACKGROUNDThere has been some controversy related to the use of the Wallis system, rather than disc fusion in the treatment of patients with degenerative spine disease. Furthermore, there are no reports concerning the application of this dynamic stabilization system in Chinese patients, who have a slightly different lifestyle with Western patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases in Chinese patients.

METHODSThe clinical outcomes of 20 patients with lumbar degenerative disease treated by posterior decompression with the Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant were studied. All of the patients completed the visual analogue scale and the Chinese version of the Oswestry Disability Index. The following radiologic parameters were measured in all patients: global lordotic angles and segmental lordotic angles (stabilized segments, above and below adjacent segments). The range of motion was then calculated.

RESULTSNineteen patients (95%) were available for follow-up. The mean follow-up period was (27.25 ± 5.16) months (range 16 - 35 months). The visual analogue scale decreased from 8.55 ± 1.21 to 2.20 ± 1.70 (P < 0.001), and the mean score on the Chinese version of the Oswestry Disability Index was improved from 79.58% ± 15.93% to 22.17% ± 17.24% (P < 0.001). No significant changes were seen in the range of motion at the stabilized segments (P = 0.502) and adjacent segments (above, P = 0.453; below, P = 0.062). The good to excellent result was 94.4% at the latest follow-up. No complications related to the use of the Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization occurred.

CONCLUSIONSIt was found to be both easy and safe to use the Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant in the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease, and the early therapeutic effectiveness is good. The Wallis system provides an alternative method for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.

Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Lumbosacral Region ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Diseases ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery

BACKGROUNDHamstring (HS) autograft and bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft are the most common choice for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). There was a little report about the clinical outcome and difference of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using allograft and autograft. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcome of autograft and allograft reconstruction for ACL tears.

METHODSA total of 106 patients who underwent surgery because of ACL tear were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, including 53 patients in each group. The patients in group I underwent standard ACL reconstruction with HS tendon autografts, while others in group II underwent reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft. All the patients were followed up and analyzed; the mean follow-up was 81 months (range: 28-86 months). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm scores, physical instability tests, and patient satisfaction questionnaires. The complication rates of both groups were compared. Tibial and femoral tunnel widening were assessed using lateral and anteroposterior radiographs.

RESULTSAt the end of follow-up, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of IKDC, Lysholm scores, physical instability tests, patient satisfaction questionnaires, and incidences of arthrofibrosis. Tibial and femoral tunnel widening was less in the HS tendon autografts. This difference was more significant on the tibial side.

CONCLUSIONSIn the repair of ACL tears, allograft reconstruction is as effective as the autograft reconstruction, but the allograft can lead to more tunnel widening evidently in the tibial tunnel, particularly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patellar Ligament ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the expression of PIWIL1 protein and DICER enzyme in hepa tocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their significance.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PIWIL1 and DICER in 47 cases of HCC and the adjacent HCC tissues.Western blot method was used to detect the expression of PIWIL1 and DICER in 31 cases of fresh HCC tissues and their adjacent HCC tissues.The relationship between PIWIL1 and DICER and their relationships were analysed with clinical features.12 cases of normal liver tissues were used as control group.Results The expression of PIWIL1 was high in HCC but low in normal liver tissues (P＜ 0.05).The expression of DICER was high in normal liver tissues but low in HCC (P＜0.05).The expression of PIWIL1 was positively correlated with invasion to adjacent tissues and histological differentiation (P＜0.05).The expression of DICER was negatively correlated with invasion to the adjacent tissues and histological differentiation (P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between PIWIL1 and DICER (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions High expression of PIWIL1 and low/missing expression of DICER was related to pathological differentiation and invasion of adjacent tissues.