The optic nerve disease is a kind of diseases that seriously affect the visual function. In recent years, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) technology has been widely applied in the field of optic nerve diseases. Compared with the ophthalmic testing, such as optical coherence tomography imaging, visual evoked potential, field of vision, this method has obvious advantages. It not only can directly show the morphology changes of the optic nerve, visual pathway and visual cortex, but also can quantitatively analyze the morphological and pathological changes of the optic nerve, visual pathway and the visual cortex. This article reviews the imaging principle of diffusion tensor imaging, the progress and development prospect of diffusion tensor imaging in the study of the optic nerve diseases.

Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck

The preliminary metabolic profile of total diterpene acid (TDA) isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi was investigated by using in vivo and in vitro tests. Pseudolaric acid C2 (PC2) was identified as the predominant metabolite in plasma, urine, bile and feces after both oral and intravenous administrations to rats using HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI/MS(n), and demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B (DDPB), a metabolite proposed to be the glucoside of PC2 (PC2G), as well as pseudolaric acid C (PC), pseudolaric acid A (PA), pseudolaric acid A O-beta-D glucopyranoside (PAG), pseudolaric acid B O-beta-D glucopyranoside (PBG) and deacetylpseudolaric acid A (DPA) originated from TDA could also be detected. It was demonstrated by tests that the metabolism of TDA is independent of intestinal microflora, and neither of pepsin and trypsin is in charge of metabolism of TDA, TDA is also stable in both pH environments of gastric tract and intestinal tract. The metabolites of TDA in whole blood in vitro incubation were found to be PC2, DDPB and PC2G, which demonstrated that the metabolic reaction of TDA in vivo is mainly occurred in blood and contributed to be the hydrolysis of plasma esterase to ester bond, as well as the glucosylation reaction. These results clarified the metabolic pathway of TDA for the first time, which is of great significance to the in vivo active form and acting mechanism research of P. kaempferi.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Pinaceae ; chemistry ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo establish fingerprinting of Flos Buddleja by using RP-HPLC for the quality control.

METHODThe HPLC condition was as follows: Inertsil ODS-3 C18 analytical column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), gredient eluation with MeCN (0.1% TFA)-H2O (0.1%TFA), flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), detection wavelength 254 nm. 10 commercial samples were analyzed to establish a fingerprinting.

RESULTAmong the obtained fingerprinting, most of the detected peaks were separated effectively. The accuracy, repeatability and stability of this method were satisfied. The RSDs of relative retention time and area of aimed peaks which existed in all samples wereless than 5%. Theresults were in accordance with the request of fingerprinting.

CONCLUSIONThe established fingerprinting can be used for the quality control of Flos Buddleja.

Buddleja ; chemistry ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of extended radical resection in the treatment of pancreatic head cancer and its indication.

METHODSBetween Jan. 1995 and Dec. 1998, 56 patients with pancreatic head cancer were retrospectively reviewed, among whom 35 were treated by the Whipple operation and 21 received the extended radical resection during the same interval.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the mortality and morbidity rate of complication, though with more patients having higher clinical stages in the extended radical resection group. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 84.8%, 62.8%, 39.9% in the extended radical resection group and 70.8%, 47.6%, 17.2% in the Whipple operation group with significant difference between the two groups. The total mortality rate was 51.4% in Whipple group and 42.9% in extended radical resection group with significant difference between the two. The 3-year cumulative rate of death from local recurrence decreased from 37.4% in the Whipple group to 23.8% in the extended radical operation group. Patients who survived for more than 3 years were only those in clinical stage (SC)1 in the Whipple group whereas they were found both in patients who had had CS1, CS2 lesions and also in some who had CS3 lesions in the extended radical resection group.

CONCLUSIONThe extended radical operation does benefit patients with pancreatic head carcinoma in CS1, CS2 and in a part of CS3 without too extensive exrtra-pancreatic invasion.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To evaluate the application of non-bioartificial liver support system (ALSS) combined with liver transplantation(LT) in treating mid-or end-stage chronic severe hepati- tis.Methods ALSS plus liver transplantation were employed in treating 28 patients with mid-or end- stage chronic severe hepatitis.Clinical data from the patients before and after treatment were collect- ed.The survive rate of ALSS plus LT group were compared with that of medication group 99 cases and medication plus ALSS group 30 cases.The data were analyzed with t test and X~2 test.Results After 57 times ALSS treatment,the serum total bilirubin(TBil),prothromin time(PT),bile acid, blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatnine(Cr) and ammonia of all the 28 patients got improved(P 0.05).The clinical symptoms and signs of the patients were ameliorated at median 3 d(1～153 d). All patients were bridged to liver transplantation successfully after median 20 d(1～153 d).The 3 and 6 months post-operation survival rate of ALSS plus LT group(71.4%,71.4%) were significantly higher than those in medication group(18.2%,11.1%) and medication plus ALSS group(36.7%, 26.6%)(P

BACKGROUNDMultimodal cocktail periarticular injection (MCPI) with a large volume of low concentration local anesthetics, adrenaline, and anti-inflammatory agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or steroids have shown good pain control and improvement in range of motion after surgery. This study compares the efficacy of pain control after total knee arthroplasty, using multimodal cocktail periarticular injection with steroid or without steroid.

METHODSThis is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized and control study. Seventy-two patients with osteoarthritis that met clinical criteria for total knee arthroplasty were recruited into the study, and were randomized to receive either multimodal cocktail periarticular injection with steroid or without steroid. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) at preoperative and postoperative at rest, and during activity. The range of motion was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. The amount of daily and cumulative morphine consumption were measured by patient-controlled analgesia in the first 72 hours postoperatively. The duration of celecoxib usage was also recorded at the last follow-up.

RESULTSThere were no differences between the non-steroid and steroid groups with regard to VAS at rest and during activity, or range of motion, at any postoperative observation time. The postoperative Knee Society Knee Score in the steroid group improved significantly as compared with that in non-steroid group at the one-month (84.1±13.1 and 65.9±12.1; P < 0.0045), three-month follow-up (90.2±16.3 and 72.5±16.6; P < 0.0027), but after postoperative six-month the Knee Society Knee Score showed no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in consumption of the morphine about daily or total consumption within 72 hours between the two groups. The duration of celecoxib usage in patients in the steroid group was significantly shorter than that in the non-steroid group ((7.2±0.7) compared with (10.5±1.9) weeks; P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONThe patients who received the steroid injection had faster rehabilitation and less non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs consumption.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Celecoxib ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pyrazoles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo establish an effective method of transfecting human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165) gene.

METHODSMSCs isolated and cultured in vitro were divided into transfection group (pShuttle-CMV/VEGF 165 plasmid was transfected into MSCs through liposome-mediating method), empty plasmid group (pShuttle-CMV vehicle was transfected into MSCs as control), liposome group (liposome was transfected into MSCs as control) and control group (normal culture). Expressions of mRNA and protein of MSCs were determined by RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot. Sensitivity to MSCs on VEGF plasmid transfection was detected by MTT test.

RESULTSExpression level of VEGF 165 gene mRNA in transfection group, empty plasmid group, liposome group, and control group was respectively 0.89 +/- 0.03, 0.34 +/- 0.04, 0.40 +/- 0.03, and 0.30 +/- 0.03, and the difference between transfection group and the other three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Content of VEGF protein in transfection group, empty plasmid group, liposome group, and control group was respectively (778 +/- 35), (543 +/- 24), (561 +/- 28), (571 +/- 23) pg/mL, and the difference between transfection group and the other three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). In the transfection group, expression level of VEGF protein peaked on 7(th) day after transfection, which was decreased gradually later. In transfection group, expression level of VEGF 165 protein was obviously higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.01), and no inhibitory effect of VEGF plasmid transfection on MSCs proliferation was found.

CONCLUSIONSThe method for transfecting human VEGF 165 gene into MSCs is established in this research, through which target gene and protein can express effectively.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

Both market research and literature reports both found that the ootheca of mantodea was all used as medicine. However, Chinese Pharmacopoeia only records the ootheca of three mantis species. The clinical use of ootheca unrecorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, will pose potential risks to drug safety. It's urgent to identify the origin of Mantidis Oötheca. The current researches about original animal in Mantidis Oötheca are based on morphology and unanimous. DNA barcoding fill gaps of the traditional morphological identification, which is widely used in animal classification studies. This study first use DNA barcoding to analyze genetic distance among different Mantidis Oötheca types, align COI sequences between mantis and Mantidis Oötheca and construct the phylogeny tree. The result confirmed that Tenodera sinensis and Hierodula patellifera were the origin insects of Tuanpiaoxiao and Heipiaoxiao, respectively, and Statilia maculate and Mantis religiosa were the origin insects of Changpiaoxiao.
Animals ; DNA ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Insect Proteins ; genetics ; Mantodea ; classification ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo observe the ability of dengue virus type 1-4 envelope domain III fusion protein to inhibit virus infection and analyze the neutralizing ability of polyclonal antibodies against rE III.

METHODSAfter being connected by linker peptide, E III protein of Dengue virus serotypes 1-4 were expressed in E coli BL21 (DE3) then purified. Fusion proteins were verified by Western Blot and ELISA. Rabbits were immunized with fusion proteins to produce anti-rE III serum. The activity of anti-rE III serum were detected through indirect immunofluorescence assay test. Inhibition of dengue virus type 1 to 4 infection in BHK-21 cells by rE III fusion protein were tested. Neutralizing activity of anti-rE III serum was analyzed.

RESULTSDengue virus type 1 to 4 envelope domain III recombinant fusion protein was expressed in E coli BL21 and purified successfully. Then rE III fusion protein and anti-rE III serum were analyzed respectively and rE III fusion protein can effectively inhibit dengue virus type 1 to 4 from infecting BHK cells. The anti-rE III serums can neutralize dengue virus type 1 to 4 but with different neutralizing titer.

CONCLUSIONDengue virus type 1-4 envelope domain III fusion protein can directly inhibit DV infection. Antibodies induced by rE III fusion proteins can neutralize dengue virus type 1-4.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Dengue Virus ; classification ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Fusion ; genetics ; Gene Products, env ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunization ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; pharmacology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; drug effects ; physiology