Objective: Based on the central-composite design (CCD), the genetic neural network (GNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to optimize the microwave extraction conditions of astragalus saponins. Methods: The HPLC fingerprint of astragaloside was constructed, and seven components (astragaloside I—V, isoastragaloside I, II) were selected to calculate the comprehensive score by the entropy weight method. On the basis of single factor experiment, CCD was used to designed the experimental condition. The quantitative relationship between extraction conditions and comprehensive score was established by GNN, and the optimal microwave extraction parameters of astragalus saponins were optimized by GA. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by GA-GNN. The extraction time was 260 s, the extraction power was 695 W, the ethanol content was 50%, the ratio of material to liquid was 21.5, and the comprehensive score of seven astragalosides was 1 432.584. Meanwhile, the optimal extraction conditions and comprehensive evaluation scores obtained were by response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction time was 190 s, the extraction power was 880 W, the ethanol content was 70%, the ratio of material to liquid was 18.5, and the comprehensive scores of seven astragaloside were 1 066.236. The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions obtained by GA-GNN can effectively increase the comprehensive score. Conclusion: It is feasible to construct a mathematical model between astragaloside components and microwave extraction conditions by using entropy weight method combined with GNN, which can provide a new scientific method for optimizing the extraction, separation, and purification of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore the changes in serum plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1),tissue factor(TF) and antithrombin Ⅲ(ATⅢ) in early period of severe limb injury,and their relationship with the occurrence of traumatic pre-DIC and DIC after trauma.Methods Thirty-five patients were divided into severe injury group(AIS score ≥3,20 cases),minor injury group(15 cases),and 10 healthy subjects served as control.The 35 patients with injury were divided again into pre-DIC group(10 cases),DIC group(3 cases),and others(22 cases).Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected on day 1,3,6 from the patients and healthy subjects.The changes in TF,ATⅢ and PAI-1 levels were detected and statistically analyzed.Results The PAI-1 levels were higher in minor injury group and severe injury group than that in control group on day 1(P

Objective To explore the related factors with skin flap necrosis,we concluded the cases of patients with skin defects after free flap plantation.Methods From 2001 to 2016,188 cases about 20 influencing factors were analyzed (The characteristics of patients:age,sex,smoke,diabetes,high blood pressure;Preoperative factors:injured sections,injured causes,preoperative wound infection,preoperative wound osteomyelitis,the time from injury to operation;Intraoperative factors:operator,operation time,anesthesia time,intraoperative rehydration fluids,the way of vascular anastomosis,the number of venous anastomosis,the area of flap;Postoperative factors:flap hematoma,flap infection,vascular crisis) and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between these risk factors and flap necrosis.Results All 188 cases were treated with free anterolateral thigh flap to repair soft tissue defect and it was revealed that the 174 cases were successful (92.55％) and 23 cases were occured vascular crisis (12.23％),8 cases were arterial crisis,11 cases were vein crisis,4 cases were ateriovenous crisis.After the treatment,the rescue was successful in 5 cases (38.46％).After the analysis we made the conclusion that the number of venous anastomoses,flap hematoma and vascular crisis were related with the skin flap necrosis.Conclusion The number of venous anastomose (≥2) will increase blood return to make the flap easier to survive.Intraoperative stanching and drainage tube placement work will reduce the skin flap hematoma as a result of reducing the skin flap necrosis.Artery and venous crisis handled in time,can enhance the survival rate of flap.

Objective To explore the correlation between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors obtained by isometric and isokinetic concentric tests. Methods The strength of trunk extensors and flexors were measured by isometric and isokinetic concentric tests during trunk flexion and extension in 50 healthy subjects, and the peak torque of flexion and extension (FPT and EPT) and the ratios of FPT/EPT were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis. Results The FPT and EPT of trunk flexors and extensors were positively correlated (r_F=0.827,P0.05, respectively), the regression equations of FPT and EPT were y^=8.158+1.097X and y^=-12.375+0.781X, respectively. Conclusion The isometric test of the trunk extensors and flexors could assess accurately the changes of the trunk muscle strength without aggravating pain and diseases. It is more reasonable to evaluate the stability of trunk with the FPT/EPT ratio at neutral position.

A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to determinate the main active fractions gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin, hyperoside and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum extracts by in situ intestinal perfusion models; the absorption rate constants and cumulative penetration rate of absorption were calculated. The effect of different drug concentrations, different intestine segments, bile and P-gp inhibitors on the absorption mechanism of Gallic acid and other compositions in P. capitatum extracts. The experimental results showed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin and quercitrin were observed saturated at high concentration (P < 0.05). Bile had significant inhibition effect on protocatechuic acid absorption and had promotion effect on myricetrin and hyperoside absorption (P < 0.05). P-gp inhibitor verapamil could significantly enhance the absorption of Protocatechuic acid (P < 0.05). The overall trend for absorption of various compositions was that small intestine > colon. This indicated that the absorption mechanism of P. capitatum extracts in rat intestine was in line with fist-order kinetics characteristics. The composition could be absorbed in all of the different intestinal segments, and the absorption was mainly concentrated in small intestine. The protocatechuic acid may be the substrate of P-gp.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Polygonum ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective No uniform standards has been established for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia .The article was to investigate the differentially expressed microRNA ( miRNA) profile and explore its clinical significance . Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by FlashTag TM Biotin RNA chips and SAM software in serum of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls , then the validation was performed by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened , including up-regulated hsa-miR-1281 ( fold change =1.50881) and two down-regulated miRNAs:hsa-miR-2861(fold change=0.642) and hsa-miR-638 (fold change=0.516).The com-parative analysis of RT-PCR by SPSS 17.0 Kruskal Wallis H Test validated the expression levels of hsa-miR-2861 and hsa-miR-638 in patients with schizophrenia decreased significantly in comparison to healthy controls (χ2 =4.089,χ2 =4.083, P<0.001).While the expression level of hsa-miR-1281 in patients with schizophrenia was in higher expression level compared with control group (χ2 =5.333, P<0.001). Conclusion There are differentially expressed miRNA profile in serum of patients with schizophrenia , in which miR-1281 , miR-2861 and miR-638 could be new serum markers for diagnosis of schizophrenia .

Objective To study the biological characteristics of cypermethrin?resistance strain and?susceptible strain of Ae?des albopictus under different controlled temperatures in the laboratory. Methods The two strains were raised at three different temperatures 20 25℃and 28℃respectively and the biological characteristics of the two mosquito strains such as reproduc?tion development and life expectancy were observed and recorded in the laboratory. Results The life expectancy of both strains became shorter as the temperature raised and the resistant strain 69.37%± 0.01% 77.04%± 0.07% lived shorter than the susceptible strain 85.24%±0.03% 88.23%±0.05% in average. Under 25℃ the hatching rate of resistant strain decreased by 25.88% and the pupation rate decreased by 11.18%. In the three temperatures all the life expectancy expanded as the tem?perature went up the periods for the susceptible strain were 19.75±0.10 23.65±0.07 d and 25.08±0.08 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. While life expectancy for the resistant strain decreased to 17.21±0.09 20.95±0.09 22.58±0.10 d. Under the same tem?perature the development timing of the resistance strain was longer than that of the susceptible strain and the period was the longest under 28 ℃ 156.2 h 137.1 h . In the three temperatures all the development periods expanded as the temperature went up the susceptible and resistant larvae developed 137.1 d and 163.3 d 247.7 d and 156.2 d 182.3 d and 263.2 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. The differences show statistic significance P<0.05 . Conclusion The resistance of A. albopictus to cy?permethrin results in the decrease of adaptability to the environment change and the disadvantage of reproduction at different temperatures.

Objective To evaluate the concept of artery first and total mesopancreatic excision in radical resection of pancreatic head carcinoma through both anterior and posterior approaches.Method The anterior approach was to identify the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the posterior approach to confirm the possibility of negative margin at the origin of SMA,on the posterio-lateral vascular wall of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and the supposed posterior of the mesopancreas.The resection scope were with the celiac trunk and common hepatic artery as the upper boarder,the SMA as the left boarder,the inferior mesenteric vein (IMA) level as the lower boarder,to achieve a complete mesopancreatic excision,namely the en bloc resection of all the involved nerve,the lymph tissue and vascular tissue along the right side of the axial composed by SMA and celiac trunk.Results Of the 15 patients,11 had radical Whipple procedure,among which 2 had a combining SMV resection and reconstruction.1 case suffered from delayed gastric emptying and 2 cases from bile leakage.There was no mortality.The postoperative pathology reported carcinoma in all 11 cases,with duodenum and low bile duct involved in 4 cases,with the duodenum involved in 6 cases,no surrounding tissue involvement was identified in 1 case.Nerve involvement was found in 7 (7/11),vascular involvement in 10 (10/11),and lymphnode metastasis was (2.5 ± 3.8/12.9 ± 4.9).Conclusions The radical resection of pancreatic head carcinoma using the concept of artery first and the total mesopancreatic excision is helpful for an early evaluation of the possibility of radical resection and guarantees negative margins.

Objective To study the value of deferred stent implantation in patients with high thrombus burden of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Select 106 cases with a high thrombus burden within 12 hours of onset in patients with STEMI ,the infarct-related artery thrombus aspiration after antegrade flow of TIMI 2-3 and≤2 points of the thrombus aspiration(TS)patients were randomly divided into immediate stenting group(n = 43)and deferred stenting group(n = 40). Two groups of patients were compared with the myocardial blush grade(MBG),the incidence of slow-/no-reflow ,the incidence of compound endpoints in 6 months and the cardiac function after PCI for 6 months. Results After stenting,the MBG of deferred group was significantly higher than that of immediate group ,the incidence of slow-/no-reflow and the compound endpoints events within 6 months in deferred group was significantly lower than that in the immediate group. After PCI for 6 months,the improvement of LVEF in the deferred group was significantly higher than that in the immediate group, the left ventricular end diastolic dimension(LVEDD)in deferred group was significantly lower than that in immedi-ate group,and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusions The high thrombus burden in patients with acute STEMI after thrombus aspiration ,deferred stent implantation can significantly reduce the rate of slow-/no-reflow ,improve myocardial perfusion ,reduce the incidence of compound endpoints events ,im-prove cardiac function in patients.