This article proposed a new cognition on the duration of asymptomatic HIV infective stage.It expounded the reason for treating AIDS with TCM first choosing asymptomatic HIV infective stage from the views of "preventive treatment of disease" and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.

The determination and characterization of solid drug form polymorphisms plays an important role in drug quality control, selection of the production process and clinical efficacy evaluation. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful method for the characterization of drug polymorphisms. In this paper we review recent research and application advances in the polymorphic characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and drug cocrystals/salts by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the characteristics of APIs and drug complexes. This may provide theoretical support for structural analysis during the development process for drugs.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of paracetamol, caffeine and chlorphenamine maleate in Compound Ganmaoling Tablets. Methods: The RP-HPLC was conducted on a Phenomenex C 18 column(5?m,250mm?4.0mm) with methanol: water: acetic acid(35∶65∶1.5) as a mobile phase, detect wavelength at 270nm. Results: Paracetamol, caffeine and chlorphenamine maleate respectively showed good linear relationship in the following concentrations of ranges:50.4～117.6?g?mL -1,3.6～8.4?g?mL -1,0.84～1.96?g?mL -1; The average recoveries were obtained as 99.9%,99.8%,100.0%(n=6); respectively. Conclusion: The method was simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for the determination of three constituents in Compound Gamaoling Tablets.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Female ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

Objective: To observe the changes of Bcl-xl expression in hippocampus of the rats with the forced-swimming and the changes of Bcl-xl after poststress. Methods: The protocol was established with the forced-swimming as the chronic stress model. Open-field test was executed to measure the behaviors of the rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes of Bcl-xl expression in the hippocampus. Results: Compared to the control group,the expression of Bcl-xl in CA3 region of the hippocampus and dendate gyrus(DG)of the rats was decreased morphologically. With the computerized image analysis, the gray degree increased significantly (P

Objective:To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of college students' AIDS attitudes in china.Methods:1067 college students were investigated with Attitudes toward AIDS Scale, AIDS Knowledge Scale, Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale, Attitudes Toward HIV Risk People Questionnaire, Perceived Partners' Attitudes Toward AIDS Questionnaire, Perceived AIDS Susceptibility and Severity Questionnaire.Results:(1)College students who had different hometowns (99.5?8.1/93.0?7.6,t=4.18,P

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Advanced studying doctors play important roles in the clinical services, and how to train them to improve training quality is worth investigating. We classified them into three types such as the clinical skills-improved, the special skills-trained and clinical knowledge eextensively-spread, then employed the individual teaching methods and emphasized the medical ethics during the training, which is not only beneficial to us, but also of great importance and necessity to advanced studying doctors themselves.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of hydrocortisone sodium succinate for treatment of septic shock patients and their prognoses. Methods A prospective case control study was conducted. 49 patients with septic shock in the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were enrolled from January 2010 to January 2012,and the patients were sequentially divided into two groups,the treatment group(24 cases)and the control group(25 cases),by the difference in odd or even number. All patients in the two groups accepted the conventional treatment. The treatment group additionally received hydrocortisone sodium succinate injection 200 mg,once a day for 5 days. The levels of serum procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP)were measured in all the patients before treatment and 24 hours,72 hours and 7 days after treatment. The mortalities were compared in 14 days between the two groups. Results The levels of PCT,CRP before and 24 hours after treatment were not statistically significant different from those of pre-treatment in two groups(all P>0.05). PCT and CRP were decreased at 72 hours and 7 days after treatment in the two groups,and on the 7th day the decline was more significant, and compared with the control group,the levels of PCT and CRP in treatment group were reduced more markedly at 72 hours and on the 7th day〔PCT(μg/L):72 hours 9.73±2.10 vs. 12.36±2.56,7 days 5.33±2.05 vs. 8.76±1.78;CRP(μg/L):72 hours 69.12±13.61 vs. 109.68±16.16,7 days 20.16±9.64 vs. 42.32±13.16,all P<0.05〕. But the mortality in 14 days was not statistically significant different between control group and treatment group(52.0%vs. 45.8%,P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment with hydrocortisone sodium succinate can reduce the inflammation of patients with septic shock,thus it has clinical value in the improvement of the disease situation.