Aging ; physiology ; Animals ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxides ; metabolism ; Male ; Melatonin ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thymus Hormones ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine ; blood ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Cytokines secreted from neurons and glial cel s in early stage of spinal cord injury probably are essential factors for inducing secondary immunologic injury.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 on inflammatory reaction after acute spinal cord injury.
METHODS:A total of 75 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and the spinal cord injury groups:1, 6, 24 and 72 hours. A rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury was established by the modified Al en weight drop method. The control group just underwent laminectomy. Injured spinal cord and spleen tissues were col ected at corresponding time points after model induction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the distribution and expressions of interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in spinal cord tissue. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the changes in p-STAT3 expression in injured spinal cord. RT-PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in the spleen.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression levels of p-STAT3, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 were significantly higher in the spinal cord injury groups than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of inflammatory cytokines increased immediately after injury. Interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 levels peaked at 6 hours, and then decreased. p-STAT3 and interleukin-17 levels peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased. The expression was stil higher at 72 hours than that in the control group. Results suggested that the expression of p-STAT3-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 in early stage increased. Inflammatory cascade would enlarge in the injured area, which probably induced secondary spinal cord injury and increased interleukin-17 levels. These possibly played a key role in secondary inflammatory reaction.

APOBEC3 is a class of cytidine deaminase, which is considered as a new member of the innate immune system, and APOBEC3G belongs to this family. The research about APOBEC3G is a new direction of innate immune defense mechanism against virus. APOBEC3G has the restrictive activity on many viral replications, which deaminates dC to dU in the viral genome and then induces extensive hypermutation. APOBEC3G can also interrupt viral replication at several phases such as reverse transcription, replication, nucleocapsid and so on by non-deamination mechanisms. However, virus can encode viral proteins to counteract the restriction activity of APOBEC3G. Elucidation of the antagonistic interaction between APOBEC3G and the virus will be contributed to development of new antiviral drugs in the future.
APOBEC-3G Deaminase ; Animals ; Cytidine Deaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Deamination ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Paramyxoviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Retroviridae ; physiology ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; metabolism

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases ; deficiency ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nurses ; Ophthalmology ; manpower ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the respective advantages of different direction Hegu needlings by using them to treat the pain stage of scapulohumeral periarthritis (periarthritis of shoulder) and investigating their clinical therapeutic effects. Method A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Sixty patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis in the pain stage were allocated into group Ⅰ (30 cases) and group Ⅱ (30 cases). Group Ⅰ received acupuncture at points Jianyu(LI15), Jianliao(TE14) and Jianzhen(SI9) in the direction parallel to the meridian course and group Ⅱ , in the direction perpendicular to the meridian course. Treatment was given 30 min once for a total of 12 times. The simplified Mcgill Pain Questionnaire score and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were recorded before and after treatment. Result There were no statistically significant differences in the pain, joint activity and joint function between the two groups before, during and after treatment. Conclusion Two different direction Hegu needlings both have a marked therapeutic effect on the pain stage of scapulohumeral periarthritis. The two have no significant difference.

Objective To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in transplant recipients.Methods 197 males aged 50 years and older who received kidney transplants were recruited if they were clinically stable.They were divided into three age groups:50 to 59 years (87 cases),60 to 69 years (64 cases) and ≥ 70 years (46 cases).Two hundred and forty people who had not undergone kidney transplant were randomly selected from the community as controls.A cross-sectional study was performed to study the BPH incidence in kidney transplant recipients according to standard diagnostic criteria.At the same time,the expression levels of keratinocyte growth factor,transforming growth factor-β and serum testosterone and the CD4/CD8 ratio in T lymphocytes were determined.Results There was no significant difference in age,PSA and the postmicturition residual volume between the study group and the control group.The total BPH incidence in kidney transplant recipients was 16.2％ (32/197).The symptomatic BPH incidence was 6.9％ (6/87) in the 50-to 59-year-old study group and 20.2％ (19/94) in the control group,representing a significant statistical difference in the symptomatic BPH incidence between the two groups (P =0.010).The symptomatic BPH incidence was 18.8％ (12/64) in the 60-to 69-year-old study group and 41.9％ (34/81) in the control group,indicating a significant statistical difference in the symptomatic BPH incidence between the two groups (P =0.004).The symptomatic BPH incidence was 30.4％ (14/46) in the ≥ 70-year-old study group and 52.3％ (34/65) in the control group,indicating a significant statistical difference in the symptomatic BPH incidence between the two groups (P =0.032).Compared to the control group,the peripheral blood serum testosterone level (9.4 ± 4.7,18.2 ± 5.6,P =0.040) and the CD4/CD8 ratio (1.1±0.3,1.8±0.3,P=0.014) of kidney transplant recipients was lower.The transforming growth factor-β expression level (5015± 1087,1829±963,P＜0.001) was higher in kidney transplant recipients than in the control group.The kasatinocyte growth factor expression levels (35.8±20.7,21.0± 18.3,P =0.064) was not statistically different than in the control group.Conclusions Kidney transplant recipients who had long-term administration of calcineurin inhibitor might have a low benign prostatic hyperplasia incidence,which might be related to transforming growth factor-β and keratinocyte growth factor expression,testosterone levels and the lymphocyte infiltration.Further high-quality prospective studies are still needed to confirm the conclusions.

We designed and synthesized eighteen lycorine derivatives with five different structural types, and evaluated their antiviral activities on a HCoV-OC43-infected H460 cell model. Structure-activity relationships suggested that the introduction of appropriate substituents on the 6N atom of lycorine was beneficial to activity. Compound 6a gave a good activity with the half effective concentration (EC₅₀) and selectivity index (SI) values of 2.36 μmol·L^-1 and 16.52, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) result indicated that 6a might target the non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) subunit in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 with the dissociation constant (K_D) value of 1.36 μmol·L^-1. Molecular docking indicated that 6a might act on nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) catalytic center of NSP12, distinct from the mechanism of nucleoside-like drugs such as remdesivir. This study provides scientific data for the development of lycorine derivatives into a new class of anti-SARS-CoV-2 small molecule inhibitors.