Objective To investigate the effect of Cynanoside H on the proliferation and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism, so as to provide an experimental basis for the development of TNBC therapeutics.Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were randomly divided into one control group(without Cynanoside H) and three test groups including 2. 5, 5 and 10 μmol/L Cynanoside H dose groups. The effect of Cynanoside H on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by MTT assay and clone formation assay, while the effect on the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and the effect on the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells was measured by wound healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay. In addition, the effects of Cynanoside H on the expression of cell cycle(c-Myc, CDK1, CDK2and cyclin E1), metastasis(E-cadherin, Vimentin and β-catenin) and PDGFRB/JAK2/STAT3 pathway related proteins(PDGFRB, p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT3 and STAT3) in MDA-MB-231 cells were determined by Western blot.Results The levels of cell viability(t = 4. 598, 19. 77 and 53. 43, respectively, each P < 0. 05), growth(36 h: t = 8. 256, 11. 57 and12. 16, respectively, each P < 0. 05; 48 h: t =10. 49,22. 49 and 19. 63, respectively, each P < 0. 01; 72 h: t = 50. 20, 28. 84and 15. 83, respectively, each P < 0. 01; 96 h: t = 11. 18, 18. 35 and 20. 92, respectively, each P < 0. 01) and clone formation(t = 4. 618, 9. 821 and 12. 14, respectively, each P < 0. 05) of 2. 5, 5 and 10 μmol/L dose groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, the proportion of cells in S phase of three test group increased in a concentration-dependent manner(48 h: t = 6. 316, 8. 156 and 14. 11, respectively, each P < 0. 05; 72 h: t =7. 231, 15. 36 and 25. 16, respectively, each P < 0. 05), and the expression of c-Myc(5 and 10 μmol/L:t = 10. 39 and12. 18, P < 0. 05 and < 0. 01, respectively), CDK1(t = 3. 777, 5. 069 and 6. 974, respectively, each P < 0. 05), CDK2(5 and10 μmol/L:t = 12. 72 and 19. 43, respectively, each P < 0. 01) and cyclinE1(t = 3. 813 and 15. 23, respectively, each P <0. 01) was down-regulated at the protein level. Compared with the control group, each test group significantly inhibited wound healing(48 h: t = 6. 969, 56. 16 and 27. 73, respectively, each P < 0. 05; 72 h: t = 8. 619, 22. 12 and 32. 15, respectively, each P < 0. 05), migration(t = 9. 817, 14. 74 and 19. 39, respectively, each P < 0. 01) and invasion(t = 5. 614, 13. 85and 14. 22, respectively, each P < 0. 01) of MDA-MB-231 cells, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin(10 μmol/L:t = 11. 79, P < 0. 01), down-regulated the expression of Vimentin(5 and 10 μmol/L:t = 12. 05 and 13. 02, respectively,each P < 0. 01) and β-catenin(5 and 10 μmol/L:t = 4. 516 and 9. 305, respectively, each P < 0. 01) at the protein level. In addition, the test groups of Cynanoside H could significantly down-regulate the protein expression of PDGFRB(5 and10 μmol/L:t = 7. 083 and 18. 87, respectively, each P < 0. 01) and inhibit the protein levels of p-JAK2(t = 4. 050, 10. 95and 11. 05, respectively, each P < 0. 05) and p-STAT3(5 and 10 μmol/L:t = 15. 25 and 25. 89, respectively, each P <0. 01), but had no effect on the total protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3.Conclusion Cynanoside H inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) to inhibit cell metastasis. These effects may be mediated by down-regulating PDGFRB/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To study the clinical and imaging characteristics as well as cerebrospinal fluid chan-gea(CSF) of spontaneous intracranial hypotensian syndrome (SIHS).Methods The clinical characteristics, CSF and imaging data of 13 patients diagnosed as SIHS were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the 13 patients had orthostatic headache accompaning one or more numerous symptoms including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diplopia and neck stiffness.All the patients had low CSF pressure,which was below 60 mm H2O and high CSF protein was in 5 patients, 8 had increased white cell counts and 9 had increased red cells counts;CT was performed in all patients.On CT scan the subdural effusion or small ventricles were compressed in 4 patients.MRI typically revealed diffused pachymeningeal enhancement in 2 patients;All the patients experienced relief of symptoms through conventional treatment.Conclusion Orthostatic headache is the most typical symptom in spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome and diffused pachymeuingeal enhancement is the most common imaging manifestation, and CSF hypovol-emia is the basis of pathophysiology of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome.

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a common cause of refractory hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and treatment of CSWS can greatly improve the patient′s condition and improve the prognosis. Clinically by supplying sodium hydrate, most patients can resume normal serum sodium level, and get remission. But a few patients with low serum sodium, high urine sodium and low blood volume can not improve and even worse. Fludrocortisone and adrenal cortical hormone can rapidly and effectively reduce the urinary sodium level and urine volume, correct hyponatremia and low blood volume and improve the prognosis in such patients.

Bladder cancer stem cells may give the cause of the recurrence and metastasis of bladder cancer patients,and CD47 mediated the suppress of cytophagy maybe the important mechanism of cancerous cells' immunologic escape.It is practical to isolate bladder cancer stem cells and cure the bladder cancer by targeting the CD47.In this paper,the authors will address the progress of bladder cancer stem cells and CD47 as therapeutic target.

BACKGROUND:The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cel s (iPSCs)-derived dopaminergic neurons solves the problem that the embryonic stem cel (ESC) shows an ethical issue on its source, providing a promising cel source for treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation methods of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in vitro, the choice of Parkinson’s disease models and the transplantation of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson’s disease treatment.
METHODS:In order to search relevant articles about the application of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson’s disease models from PubMed databases (from 1980 to 2015), a computer-based search was performed by the first author, using the key words of“iPSC and Parkinson’s disease, induced pluripotent stem cel s and Parkinson’s disease, ES cel s and Parkinson, PD model, Parkinson and Lewy bodies”in English. Final y 40 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Here, this paper is detailed to show the research status of human iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons for treating Parkinson’s disease by reviewing the sources and in vitro differentiation schedules of iPSCs as wel as the choice of Parkinson’s disease models and outcomes of transplantation of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson’s disease treatment. According to the Parkinson’s disease mechanism of the Lewy body, we analyze the generation mechanism of the Lewy body, providing references to avert the presence of Lewy bodies and optimize the outcomes of transplantation. The improvement of differentiation conditions of iPSCs can markedly improve the behavior outcomes, and moreover, we can systematical y evaluate the outcomes of transplantation by iconography and immunohistochemical results.

Objective To analyze the mutation status of K‐ras gene in the patients with gastric cancer to provide the guidance for the personalized therapy of gastric cancer .Methods The nested and Cold‐PCR were adopted to analyze the K‐ras gene mutation status in 314 cases of gastric cancer .Results In 314 cases of gastric cancer ,the total mutation rate of K‐ras gene was 7 .32% .The mutation rate was 0% in 19 plasma samples and 7 .80% in 295 tissue samples .The types of mutation included G12D ,G13D ,G12V , the mutation rate of K‐ras gene had no statistically significant difference between the two kinds of different samples (P=0 .206 1);the mutation rate was 6 .79% in 221 male patients ,the types of mutation included G12D ,G13D ,the mutation frequency is 8 .60% in 221 female patients ,the types of mutation include G12D ,G13D ,G12V ,the mutation rate of K‐ras gene had no statistically signifi‐cant difference between different genders (P=0 .573 1);the mutation rate was 6 .67% in 45 youth patients ,the types of mutation included G12D ,G13D ,the mutation rate was 7 .87% in 127 middle age patients ,the types of mutation included G12D ,G13D ,G12V , the mutation rate was 7 .04% in 142 old age patients ,the types of mutation included G12D ,G13D ,there was no statistically signifi‐cant difference among different age patients (P=0 .995 3) .Conclusion The mutation rate of K‐ras gene is 7 .32% in 314 cases of gastric cancer ,the main mutation types include G12D and G13D ,and the mutation rate of K‐ras gene has no significant difference a‐mong different samples ,between different sexes and among different ages .

Chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy are essential components of medical oncology. Al-though cancer patients significantly benefit from the emergence of various new anticancer drugs, none of these treatments can directly address drug resistance. Radiation therapy is one of the three conventional cancer treatment methods. Nearly two-thirds of cancer pa-tients accept radiation therapy during treatment. However, radiation resistance is a significant barrier affecting the therapeutic effect of this procedure. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biologic process that enables a polarized epithelial cell to undergo multi-ple biochemical changes. These changes enable the cell to assume the functions of a mesenchymal cell phenotype. These functions have been extensively studied and are related to embryogenesis, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis. In recent years, increasing evidence sug-gests that EMT is closely linked with tumor treatment resistance. The study of the relation between EMT and tumor treatment resistance is expected to contribute to the prevention of drug resistance and radiation resistance and thus improve treatment efficacy to provide benefit to cancer patients. This article explores this issue.

Version 2015 of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for Uterine Neoplasms uses the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system.These NCCN guidelines divide pure endnmetrioid cancers into three categories to delineate treatment:(1) disease limited to the uterus;(2) cervical involvement;(3) extrauterinc disease.Surgery is recommended for medically operable patients.Continuous progestin-based therapy may be considered for highly selected patients with stage IA disease who wish to preserve their fertility.Preoperative chemotherapy can be considered if extrauterine disease is suspected.Factors that may influence the decision regarding adjuvant therapy include lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI),patient age,tumor volume,and lower uterine segment or surface cervical glandular involvement.When administering adjuvant radiotherapy,it should be initiated as soon as the vaginal cuff has healed,no later than 12 weeks after surgery.

Objective To analyze the polymorphism of excision repair cross-completion gene 1(ERCC1) in colorectal cancer pa-tients ,and to provide guidance for personalized therapy of colorectal cancer .Methods The polymorphism of ERCC1 in 259 patients with colorectal cancer was detected by PCR .Results The genotype of ERCC1 was mainly C/C(55 .71% ) in male patients ,and then C/T(37 .86% ) ,the genotype of T/T accounted for 6 .43% .The genotype of ERCC1 was also mainly C/C(59 .66% ) in female pa-tients ,and then C/T(36 .97% ) ,the genotype of T/T accounted for 3 .36% .The genotype was mainly C/C(51 .72% ) aged 25 to 44 patients ,and then C/T(41 .38% ) ,the genotype of T/T accounted for 6 .90% .The genotype was mainly C/C(57 .95% ) aged more than 44 to 59 patients ,and then C/T (40 .91% ) ,the genotype of T/T accounted for 1 .14% .The genotype was mainly C/C (58 .45% ) aged more than 59 patients ,and then C/T(34 .51% ) ,the genotype of T/T accounted for 7 .04% .Conclusion The poly-morphism of ERCC1 is mainly C/C in colorectal cancer patients .

Objective To study the distribution rule of syndrome factors in each diagnosis and staging of colorectal cancer.to Analyze the relationship between the syndrome factors and the clinical presentations of colorectal cancer,and then to provide a basis for further studying of the distribution and combination rule of syndrome factors in colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of patients with colorectal cancer was collected from Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011.1-2011.12.According to the related standard,the spleen,large intestine,kidney,liver,qi deficiency,qi stagnation,wet,heat,blood stasis,poison,yang deficiency,yin deficiency,and blood deficiency altogether 13 common syndrome factors of colorectal cancer were selected.Retrospective study method was adopted to study the distribution of syndrome factors.And SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the relationship between the syndrome factors and the clinical presentations of colorectal cancer.Results 6 clinical presentations include loose stool had a relationship with syndrome factor of liver; 7 clinical presentations include dark tongue had a relationship with syndrome factor of spleen; 4 clinical presentations include blood stool had a relationship with syndrome factor of large intestine; 8 clinical presentations include emaciation had a relationship with syndrome factor of kidney; 6 clinical presentations include tired with qi deficiency; red tongue with wet syndrome factor; 2 clinical presentations include dark tongue had a relationship with blood stasis syndrome factor,8 clinical presentations include pantothenic acid had a relationship with qi stagnation syndrome factor; 10 clinical presentations include pale tongue had a relationship with blood deficiency syndrome factor; red tongue had a relationship with heat syndrome factor; unsmooth pulse had a relationship with poison syndrome factor.Conclusions The syndrome factors of qi deficiency,spleen and qi stagnation are more common in colorectal cancer.11 in 13 syndrome factors have several relative clinical presentations.But the diagnosis of syndrome factor based on clinical presentations need further study.