Residues and analysis methods of phthalate esters plastificator in various plastics of vinyl chloride are presented,and the wide-use and high environment burden of these chemicals is indicated.The categories and toxicity of phthalate esters that might have the effects of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals are introduced.It is shown by the current studies that the effects of these chemicals on laboratory animals were focused on procreation toxicity such as spermaduct atrophy and ovulation clog,etc.It is suggested that more investigation of these chemicalspotential toxicity should be made and preventive measures should be taken promptly.

Referring to the literatures recent years about mechanisms and reasons of Vertebral Artery Morphological Caused Vertigo,this article illuminates the category of this kind of disease,and for these reasons to find out corresponding therapy by tuina,then proposes the insufficiency and the expectation in this special disease.

Objective:To observe and compare the wound healing effects,the time and costs of hospitalization of the two drainage ways in the breast polyacrylamide hydrogel removing operations by a prospective randomized controlled approach.Methods:From December 2004 to December 2009,a total of 54 breast-side of 40 patients,whose incision were not healing after breast polyacrylamide hydrogel removing operations,were divided into two groups.Both gorups'skin incision were on the areola or inframammary crease.In the case of removing the polyacrylamide hydrogel during the operation as much as possible,a new incision,approximately 1.5cm,was produced below the inframammary crease approximately 5cm,the negative drainage tube was inserted into the new incision in the A group(distal drainage way),While the negative drainage tube was inserted into the original incision in B group(In-situ drainage way).Results:The breast appearance was flat and thin,the texture was soft and there was no mass or sclerosis.There were significant differences between the two methods in primary healing,the time and costs of hospitalization.Conclusion:The clinical effect of the distal drainage way is better than the clinical effect of the In-situ drainage way,and it deserves to apply in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody(secukinumab) regulating autophagy and inflammation in gout.Methods The peripheral venous blood samples from 57 patients with acute gout(AG),57patients with intermittent gout(IG) and 82 healthy volunteers were collected and measured for the mRNA transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs) ATG4B,ATG7, A TG16L1,Beclin-1 and LC3B by RT-qPCR.The model of AG inflammation was established by adding monosodium urate(MSU) crystals into the peripheral venous blood samples of healthy volunteers,and the transcription and protein expression of IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA at 0,1,2,4,6 and8 h and different concentrations(0,100,200 and 400 μmol/L) of secukinumab.The peripheral blood samples of healthy volunteers were divided into control(without MSU treatment),MSU(100 μg/mL),MSU+colchicine(100 μg/mL+30 μg/mL) and MSU+secukinumab(100 μg/mL+400 μmol/L) groups,which were detected for the mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-1 β and ATGs by RT-qPCR and Western blot,and for the expression of IL-1β,IL-12 and IL-35 by ELISA.Results The mRNA expression levels of ATG4B, Beclin-1 and LC3B in AG,IG and healthy control groups were significantly different(F=3.896,11.78 and 3.856,respectively,each P <0.05),among which the mRNA levels in AG were lower than those in IG and HC groups(t=2.692,3.234,2.231 and 2.085,4.795,2.748,respectively,each P <0.05);the expression levels of ATG16L1 mRNA were significantly different in the three groups(F=7.949,P <0.001),and was significantly lower in AG group than HC group(t=3.860,P <0.001).In AG inflammation model,the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 β reached their peak in 2—4 h,and the anti-inflammation effect of secukinumab was the strongest at the concentration of 400 μmol/L.Compared with MSU group,the mRNA levels of ATG16L1 and LC3B(t=2.343 and 2.916,respectively,each P <0.05) as well as the expression levels of ATG4B,ATG7,Beclin-1,ATG16L1 and LC3B-Ⅱ proteins(t=28.84,11.6,8.402,4.124 and 2.458,respectively,each P <0.05) in MSU+secukinumab group decreased significantly.The expression levels of IL-12 and IL-35 in the control,MSU,MSU+colchicine and MSU+secukinumab groups showed significant difference(F=7.009 and 6.518,respectively,each P <0.01).Compared with MSU group,the expression level of IL-12 significantly decreased(t=2.604,P <0.05)in MSU+secukinumab group,and the expression level of IL-35 also decreased,while with no significant difference(t=1.928,P> 0.05).Conclusion Secukinumab can regulate the mRNA and protein expression of ATGs,reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and inhibit gout inflammation,which provides a reference for the treatment of gout.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody(secukinumab) regulating autophagy and inflammation in gout.Methods The peripheral venous blood samples from 57 patients with acute gout(AG),57patients with intermittent gout(IG) and 82 healthy volunteers were collected and measured for the mRNA transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs) ATG4B,ATG7, A TG16L1,Beclin-1 and LC3B by RT-qPCR.The model of AG inflammation was established by adding monosodium urate(MSU) crystals into the peripheral venous blood samples of healthy volunteers,and the transcription and protein expression of IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA at 0,1,2,4,6 and8 h and different concentrations(0,100,200 and 400 μmol/L) of secukinumab.The peripheral blood samples of healthy volunteers were divided into control(without MSU treatment),MSU(100 μg/mL),MSU+colchicine(100 μg/mL+30 μg/mL) and MSU+secukinumab(100 μg/mL+400 μmol/L) groups,which were detected for the mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-1 β and ATGs by RT-qPCR and Western blot,and for the expression of IL-1β,IL-12 and IL-35 by ELISA.Results The mRNA expression levels of ATG4B, Beclin-1 and LC3B in AG,IG and healthy control groups were significantly different(F=3.896,11.78 and 3.856,respectively,each P <0.05),among which the mRNA levels in AG were lower than those in IG and HC groups(t=2.692,3.234,2.231 and 2.085,4.795,2.748,respectively,each P <0.05);the expression levels of ATG16L1 mRNA were significantly different in the three groups(F=7.949,P <0.001),and was significantly lower in AG group than HC group(t=3.860,P <0.001).In AG inflammation model,the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 β reached their peak in 2—4 h,and the anti-inflammation effect of secukinumab was the strongest at the concentration of 400 μmol/L.Compared with MSU group,the mRNA levels of ATG16L1 and LC3B(t=2.343 and 2.916,respectively,each P <0.05) as well as the expression levels of ATG4B,ATG7,Beclin-1,ATG16L1 and LC3B-Ⅱ proteins(t=28.84,11.6,8.402,4.124 and 2.458,respectively,each P <0.05) in MSU+secukinumab group decreased significantly.The expression levels of IL-12 and IL-35 in the control,MSU,MSU+colchicine and MSU+secukinumab groups showed significant difference(F=7.009 and 6.518,respectively,each P <0.01).Compared with MSU group,the expression level of IL-12 significantly decreased(t=2.604,P <0.05)in MSU+secukinumab group,and the expression level of IL-35 also decreased,while with no significant difference(t=1.928,P> 0.05).Conclusion Secukinumab can regulate the mRNA and protein expression of ATGs,reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and inhibit gout inflammation,which provides a reference for the treatment of gout.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of volatile oil and saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri collected in different harvesting seasons.METHODS:Volatile oil was extracted from Radix Bupleuri by using volatile oil extractor; the content of sai-kosaponins in Radix Bupleuri harvested in different seasons were determined by visible spectrophotometry taking saikosaponin a as index.RESULTS:The content of volatile oil was the highest in Radix Bupleuri harvested in July but the lowest in November;the content of saikosaponins was the highest when harvested in May and the lowest in September. CONCLUSION:The method is simple and rapid,and it provides scientific basis for the establishment of the best harvesting season of Radix Bupleuri.

Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent endocrine cancer,and most are found in women.Different pathologic types of thyroid carcinoma has different biologic behaviors,and onset is hidden,which results in difficults to diagnose the early thyroid carcinoma.With the development of the molecular biology,more researches are focus on thyroid carcinoma in recent years.This article reviews the tumor markers,oncogene and gene therapy of thyroid carcinoma.

Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(NGAL),also known as lipocalin 2,has close relationship with human neoplasias,which is up-regulated in a number of malignancy and involves in the process of tumor development.But it appears to exist paradoxical effects attributed to NGAL in human neoplasias.For instance,through protecting MMP9 from autodegradation,NGAL has a clear pro-tumoral and pro-metastatic effect,as has already been observed in breast cancer and esophageal cancer.However,on the contrary,for pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer,NGAL can inhibit FAK phosphorylation and vascular epidermal growth factor synthesis,having an anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic effect.This review summarizes the current knowledge about the dual effects of NGAL in the process of tumor development,and attempts to explore the possible underlyins mechanism.

Colorectal cancer is induced by multiple factors.Multiple genes should be considered for the research of colorectal cancer.Single nucleotide polymorphisms,a new tumor gene researching method,play a key role in colorectal cancer researching.Finding colorectal cancer special SNP is vital for selecting high risk population and predicting the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Surgical treatment has improved the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer considerably de-spite the generally aggressive behavior of its malignancy. Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer has been shown effective in improving a survival benefit. Few prospective randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation has been done tp show the survival advantage of systemic chemotherapy (5-FU/FA or gemcitabine) following surgical resection. Up to now, there is no high-level evidence of any benefit deriving from neoadjuvant chemo therapy for pancreatic cancer. Well designed trials are needed to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgery to judge the value of neoadjuvant cherqo-therapy in multimodal treatment concepts of pancreatic cancer.