Objective To discuss the opportunity of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) after transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods We analyzed 60 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) who underwent TURP after transrectal prostate biopsy from September 2013 to September 2015.All the patients were divided into either group A or group B in chronological order, with 30 cases in each group.There were no significant differences in age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, hemoglobin level, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) between the two groups.The group A and group B were treated by TURP at 1 week and 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy, respectively.The parameters including operation time, excised prostate weight, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS at 3 months after operation were recorded.Results The operation time, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A [(58.3±6.0) min vs.(62.0±3.3) min, t=2.952, P=0.005;(154.1±15.8) ml vs.(167.4±29.5) ml, t=2.181, P=0.035;(19.2±0.8) h vs.(20.6±2.3) h, t=3.034, P=0.004;(18.3±2.5) points vs.(20.3±2.0) points, t=3.419, P=0.001].The excised prostate weight in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A [(37.1±4.0) g vs.(33.3±7.8) g, t=-2.341, P=0.024].Conclusions TURP performed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy can significantly increase the excised prostate weight, reduce intraoperative total blood loss volume, shorten the operation time and postoperative bladder irrigation time, and improve urinary symptoms.In brief, we recommend that TURP be executed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy.

Objective To study the pattern of cerebral gray matter and white matter volume changes among smokers with differ-ent level of nicotine dependence (addition)using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods The current case-control study recrui-ted 53 healthy male smokers and 53 healthy non-smokers from outpatients of our hospital during January 2013 to May 2014.Personal information (including for example age,sex and addition dependence of subjects)was collected using a questionnaire.3D-T1 images of whole brain structure were collected and were analyzed using DARTEL toolbox of SPM8.Smokers were divided into mild to mod-erate nicotine dependence group (n=23)and severe nicotine dependence group (n=30)based on Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine De-pendence (FTND)score.Independent sample t-test analyses were performed to compare the volumes of gray matter and white mat-ter between smokers with different levels of nicotine dependence and non-smokers.Results Compared with non-smokers,gray and white matter volumes of smokers were smaller in multiple brain areas,mainly in the middle occipital gyrus,posterior cingulate,cer-ebellum anterior lobe,precuneus,caudate body and insula,which however,had larger number and scope of focal areas with gray and white matter atrophy in the mild to moderate nicotine dependence group than that in the severe nicotine dependence group.Conclusion Smokers with mild to moderate nicotine dependence have more pronounced gray and white matter atrophy than that smokers with severe nicotine dependence have.

Objective Using MR defecography to assess the morphological and functional anorectal anomalies related to female outlet obstruction constipation, and evaluate the joint disease of anterior and mid pelvic. Methods One hundred and seven female patients, aged 20 to 84 years ( average, 55 years), were diagnosed as outlet obstruction constipation based on clinical symptoms and signs. They all received MR defecography in our institution. The high compliance homemade balloon was inserted into rectum to simulate stool Then relevant measurements were obtained during rest, squeezing and straining, respectively. Results In all the 107 cases, 70 ( 65.4% ) presented rectocele on dynamic MRI; 28 ( 26. 2% ) presented anismus;60 (56. 1% ) presented cystocele; 59 presented vaginal or cervical prolapse(55. 1% ); and, 54 (50. 5% )presented descending perineum. In 85 females (79.4%) multiple disorders were detected, involving more than one pelvic compartment. Conclusion MR defecography allowed to accurately evaluate the morphological and functional anorectal anomalies related to female outlet obstruction constipation, and the joint disease of anterior and mid pelvic.

Objective To explore the role of p38MAPK and TGF?2 in the development of diabetic retinopathy.Methods Fifteen Hamsters were induced into diabetic models by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin(40 mg/kg once a day) for 3 d and 13 Hamsters were successfully established,whose blood glucose was over 13.5 mmol/L.Ten Hamsters as controls were intraperitoneally injected of physical saline of the same volume.At 16th week after induction,the total RNA of retina from all sacrificed Hamsters was collected.The mRNA expressions of p38MAPK,TGF?2 in retina were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and their protein levels by Western blotting.Results The mRNA expressions of p38MAPK,TGF?2 in retina were of high tendency and their protein levels increased.Conclusion p38MAPK signal pathway may involve in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the change of biological features of macrophages after transfected by Toxoplasma gondii GRA 1 genes (P24). Methods The transfected cells Cyto P24 RAW264.7, Nuc P24 RAW264.7, Mito P24 RAW264.7 and ER P24 RAW264.7 were studied by RT PCR to determine the P24 mRNA expression. Growth features of the cells were examined with microscopy and the cell growth curve was developed. Results In four cell lines, expression of ER P24 RAW 264.7 was found to be higher than the other three, and there was no P24 mRNA expression in either of the cells without P24 insert. The attachment and the proliferation of ER-P24-RAW264.7 were more rapid than normal RAW264.7. Conclusion Transfection of mouse macrophages ER RAW264.7 strain with T. gondii P24 gene leads to a prominent change of biological features in the studied cell line.

Objective·To investigate and compare the clinical characteristic of non-organic dyspnea and asthma both with complaint of dyspnea.Methods·Seventy-four consecutive patients with non-organic dyspnea,and 74 age-,height-,weight and sex-matched patients with asthma were recruited for investigation in the study.The self-assessment surveys were conducted for the two groups by means of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,Nijmegen Questionnaire and Athens Insomnia Scale.The words for describing dyspnea,clinical symptoms,effective sleep hours and items of pulmonary function test were collected and analyzed Results·Non-organic dyspnea patients tended to describe psychogenic aspects.Asthma patients tended to describe airflow limitation.Non-organic dyspnea group mainly performed psychogenic symptoms.The sleeping time in non-organic dyspnea group was significantly lower than that in asthma group(P＜0.05).The score of anxiety,depression,Nijmegen Questionnaire,Athens Insomnia Scale,FEV1,FEV1％Pred,FVC％Pred,FEV1/FVC in non-organic dyspnea group were significantly higher than those in asthma group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FVC between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion·The non-organic group feel more anxiety,depressed and insomnic than the asthma group.Lung function test of asthma group is often abnormal.To discriminate non-organic dyspnea with asthma,clinicians should pay more attention to emotion,sleep,somatoform symptoms,medical history and so on,and do pulmonary function test,improve the understanding of the characteristics of the two diseases,decrease misdiagnosis and wrong diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tongqiao Yinao decoction ( TYD) on postoperative cogni-tive dysfunction in elderly patients and its underlying mechanisms .Methods 100 anesthetic patients for orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into the TYD-treated group and control group ,50 patients in each group .In TYD-trea-ted group,patients received 150mL TYD orally,twice daily for constitutive 15 days,beginning from the day of admis-sion in addition to conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment .While patients in control group received no TYD.Mini-mental state examination ( MMSE) was used to evaluate the patients′cognitive function before and after anesthesia.Meanwhile,blood samples of patients were also collected to test the expression levels of IL -6.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups before operation .However ,TYD-treated patients had signif-icantly lower incidence rate of POCD than the controls ( 20% in the control group , and 12% in the TYD-treated group;χ2 =4.332,P=0.037) 7 days after operation.The incidence rates of POCD in the TYD-treated group and control group were 30%and 38%1 day after operation ( P>0.05),28% and 20% 3 days after operation ( P>0.05),respectively.Compared with that before operation ,the blood levels of IL-6 in the two groups significantly increased 3 days after operation (control group,t=2.412,P=0.009;TYD-treated group,t=1.429,P=0.039).In contrast to the control group,the level of IL-6 in TYD-treated group declined to the baseline (the control group,t=0.851,P=0.049;TYD-treated group,P=0.404).Interestingly,compared with the controls,the TYD-treated patients had a significant lower level of IL-6 after operation (t=1.198,P=0.035).Furthermore,Pearson correlation analysis showed that change of IL-6 level in blood was negatively correlated with MMSE score (r=-0.782,P=0.022). Conclusion TYD can improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients ,presumably through decreasing the level of IL-6 in blood.

Objective To apply a fluorescent nucleotide dye Sybr Green I in detecting telomerase activity and assess its clinical value in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Telomerase activity was (measured) by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) combined with fluorescent nucleotide dye Sybr Green I in 46 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissue specimens and 19 tumor-adjacent tissue (specimens). Results (Telomeric) repeat amplification product was displayed as clear bands in PAGE stained with Sybr Green I; the positive rate of telomoerase activity in colorectal carcinoma tissue was 89.13%, whereas no telomerase (activity) was observed in 19 tumor-adjacent tissue specimens. There was no (relationship) between telomerase (activity) and the level of cell differentiation, Dukes stages, or metastasis of lymph nodes. Conclusions The method of TRAP combined with Sybr Green I to determine telemerase (activity) is an important method for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cels can be induced through the co-culture to differentiate into other cels, but how to get more seed cels for tissue engineering is one of the most difficult problems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the different concentrations of thyroxine in chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cels by co-culture with rabbit chondrocytes. METHODS:Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cels were co-cultured with rabbit chondrocytes at 2:1, and stimulated by medium containing different concentrations of thyroxine (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1, 10 μmol/L). Co-cultured cels with no thyroxine served as control group. After 14 days of co-culture, the cel RNA and protein were extracted, mRNA expressions of aggrecan and colagen type II were detected by real-time PCR, and protein expression of aggrecan and colagen type II were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After intervention with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L thyroxine, the mRNA and protein expressions of aggrecan and colagen type II were enhanced with the increase of thyroxine concentration, which were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.05). Experimental findings indicate that high levels of thyroxine can enhance the chondrogenic ability of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cels co-cultured with rabbit chondrocytes.

Objective:A study was conducted to observe and compare the efficacy and safety of endostar combined with peme-trexed in elderly patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:Sixty advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ⅢB-Ⅳ) patients who never received any therapy were included. The patients were divided into two groups. One group comprised endostar treatment com-bined with pemetrexed (26 cases of males, 15 cases of females, and 11 cases of individuals aged 65 years old to 78 years old), and the other group comprised pemetrexed only (34 cases of males, 20 cases of female, and 14 cases of individuals aged 65 years old to 78 years old). The two groups were treated for 4 to 6 cycles, and evaluation of treatments was performed every two cycles. Results:The endostar group was re-treated for 80 cycles, and the average cycle was 3.1. The group without endostar was re-treated for 115 cycles. The short-term effects are as follows. The total effective rates (RRs) in the experimental and control groups were 23.1%and 14.7%, re-spectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) was not significantly different (P>0.05). For pleural effusion, RR and DCR were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). In the experimental group, compared with PD, the microvessel density (MVD) in the DCR showed higher expression, and a statistically signif-icant difference (P=0.03) was observed. In the control group, compared with PD, the MVD in the DCR also showed higher expression, but no significant difference (P=0.73) was observed. The long-term effects were as follows: median progression-free survival (PFS), median survival, and side effects between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion: Endostar combined with pemetrexed showed increase in total efficiency in elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and malignant pleural effusion was controlled without increasing the toxicity of chemotherapy. MVD can be used as a predictor of Endostar application.