This article reviews immunological research progress in cystic echinococcosis:the immunity to Echinoco-ccus granulosus infection,innate resistance,immune evasion mechanism.A better understanding for the immunology in human echinococcosis may help develop therapeutic and preventive agents.

Objective To develop a kind of system of simulation and training on ECG for studying ,training and assessing of biomedical engineer. Methods The simulation training system was designed based on PC. In the hardware system, ADuC848 SCM was adopted as the primary controller, QuickStart exploration platform was used to develop firmware, and intelligent assessing system was explored by C++ Builder. Results Biomedical Engineer could be trained, checked and evaluated by the system. Conclusion The system, combining practice and examination, pays attention to basic skill training and thus improves studying efficiency.

Objective To investigate HIV high risk population size estimation method,analyze the epidemic situation in China and offer scientific evidence for policy making. Methods Appropriate methods to estimate different type high risk populations were ascertained by experimental study. Results Size estimation methods and procedures for different type high risk population were formed.Epidemic estimation and parameters fit for China were ascertained.HIV epidemic situation and characteristics were stated. Conclusion Methods formed in the study are the key points for the understanding of number of PLWHA,for the exact judgment of HIV epidemic,for the improvement of inspection system and examination work,for the formation of "Four Free and One Care".

BACKGROUND:The biomechanical effect of the implant-bone interface is one of the most important factors for bone resorption. The new structure of the periodontal-ligament-like implants may improve the distribution of the interfacial stress. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of the internal structure changes of traditional implants on the cortical bone stress distribution and peak at the implant-bone interface under different occlusal load conditions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design and clinical application of new structure implants. METHODS:Two kinds of digital models, new structure implant (model A) and non-threaded cylindrical implant (model B), were established by Pro/ENGINEER software. Variations of the stress peak and stress distribution of implant-bone interface cortical bone area under the same bone and force environment were analyzed using Ansys software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under a vertical loading, the stress peak under different forces was reduced by 17.54% in model A compared with model B; under a 45° loading, the stress peak of model A was reduced by 2.59% compared with model B, and it showed an evident tendency of high stress area focusing to the buccal side of model B. Under the chew-simulation loading, the stress peak of model A was lower than that of model B. The biggest difference (0.353 2 MPa) appeared atβ=12°(β is the angle of force direction and the implant axis), and it gradualy reduced atβ > 12°. At the same time, model A had a wider range of application degree compared with model B in two quantitative indicators, including optimal peak stress of promoting bone tissue growth and stress peak of maintaining healthy bone tissue. These results suggest that the optimized structure of implants contributes to improve the cortical bone stress distribution at the implant-bone interface, decrease the peak stress, and reduce the risk of cortical bone absorption in a wider range.

The disc degeneration disease has been main research focus in spinal surgery,but the pathogenesis of disc degeneration is still not clear.Appropriate animal models are important for the study of pathogenesis of disc degeneration.Presently,models of disc degenetation are mainly classified into two categaries:vitro models and vivo models.The animal vitro models include disc cell models and disc tissue models.The vivo models include mechanics models and trauma models.This review tries to give a short introduction about the status and progress of animal model about disc degeneration.

OBJCTIVE:To determine the content of Gentiopicrin in Qianggan capsules by HPLC.METHODS:The sample was separated on Diamonsil TM C18 (200 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (23∶77) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.RESULTS: The linear range of Gentiopicrin was 0.018 59～0.232 40 ?g(r=0.999 6) with an average recovery of 96.59%(RSD=1.35%,n=6).CONCLUSION: The meth-od developed is accurate,stable and reproducible,and it provides basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Qianggan capsules.

Objective To study the negative emotion regulation of sea-going seafarers,establish a regulation strategy questionnaire of sea-going seafarers' negative emotion and examine its reliability and validity.Methods Based on open-ended questionnaires and previous researches,the initial questionnaire was obtained.Randomly selected 188 sea-going seafarers,by adopting program analysis and factor analysis,the final questionnaire was determined.Tested 121 sea-going seafarers by using the final questionnaire,while 55 of them by using coping style questionnaire at the same time.After two weeks,47 of them were tested by final questionnaire again.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were investigated during the research,and the criterion validity between the coping style questionnaire and regulation strategy questionnaire of sea-going seafarers' negative emotion was also studied.Results The factor analysis results showed that the questionnaire was composed of seeking for support,abreaction,inobservance,transfer and oppression.Cronbach α of each factors was 0.857,0.841,0.825,0.806,0.754 respectively;and Cronbach o of the entire questionnaire was 0.873.The split-half correlation coefficients were 0.697,-0.839 (P ＜ 0.01) ; test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.706,-0.822 (P ＜ 0.01).The correlation between subscales were-0.031,-0.459 ; and the correlation between subscales and total scale were 0.590,-0.806 (P ＜ 0.01).Criterion validity showed that despite for the abreaction,each factor was significantly correlated with the factors of coping style questionnaire.Conclusion The sea-going seafarers' negative emotion regulation strategy questionnaire has acceptable psychometrics properties on reliability and validity.

In recent years,the mode of the support and service of medical engineering in hospitals is always a focus in the community of clinic engineering. Based on the characteristics of the medical engineering support and service in hospital,we propose a creative,digitalized medical engineering support system,and introduce the workflow of the support system as well as its fundamental parts and characteristics.

Objective To probe into the current services and outcomes of township hospitals following their transformation, and their future positioning of functionality. Methods Pinpointing townships A, B and C as samples from a district in Beijing, in which field surveys were made in the township hospitals to learn their services, service provision methods and outcomes. Results Among the current services provided by these three hospitals, those of public health and primary healthcare nature in hospital A account for 50% each; those in hospital B account for 70% and 30% respectively; those in hospital C account for 60% and 40% respectively. Recommendable services provided in these hospitals include universal coverage of medical files, management of infectious diseases, public health emergency management, and immunization. Conclusion Township hospitals as the center of the 3-tier rural health service network, deserve a repositioning of their functionality to fit the health needs of residents at large.

This study is to develop a sensitive method by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector (HPLC-UV) to simultaneously determine four bioactive compounds, iriflophenone 3-C-beta-D-glucoside, iriflophenone 3,5-C-beta-D-diglucoside, mangiferin, and iriflophenone 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside in the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis. An Agilent Zorbax SB-C, column (4, 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used, and the gradient elution was performed with mobile phase of 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the column temperature was 25 degrees C. The four marker compounds were well separated with good linearity (R2 > 0.9990), precision, stability and repeatabili y. The-recovery rates were in the range of 98.80%-101.39%. For 15 branch of the leaves, the contents of iriflophenone 3-C-beta-D-gluoside, iriflophenone 3,5-C-beta-D-diglucoside, mangiferin, and iriflophenone 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside were between 0.41-14.48, 0.72-3.85, 4.30-29.07, 0.24-5.06 mg, respectivley. This method is precise, accurate and reliable, which provides an efficient way for the quality control of the leaves of A. sinensis. This will promote the comprehensive usage of this plant.
Benzophenones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; analysis