All-ceramic dental materials could meet the requirements for extraordinary aesthetics and ex-cellent biocompatibility in vivo, thus are widely utilized in prosthetic dentistry. Since the all-ceramic materials have low strength reliability and the disadvantage is recently concerned, the relevant research has been the focus in the area. The purpose of this artical is to review the relevant studies and with focus on the factors that influence the strength including material component, microstructures and manufacture process, as well as strength improv-ing approaches such as ingredient alteration, fabrication optimization and surface treatment. As for various strength testing methods, all the existing test methods are compared and evaluated.

Objective To research and compare the effectiveness distinction between applying exclusive salcatonin and combining salcatonin and Xianling Gubao to treat osteoporotic pain patients.Methods 84 cases of osteoporotic pain patients in our hospital from Feb.2013 to Feb.2014 were selected and divided into two groups.Patients in treatment group were received combination of salcatonin and Xianling Gubao treatment.Patients in control group received salcatonin treatment only.To apply VAS judge the pain degree of patients.The clinical performance and results were observed and recorded.The degree of satisfaction of patients was surveyed through questionnaire.Results The VAS of patients in treatment group was (2.17 ±1.02), while it was (4.26 ±1.37)in control group.There were 15 cases of excellent,and 23 cases of efficacious in treatment group and the total effective rate was 90.48%.There were 10 cases of excellent,and 19 cases of efficacious in control group and the total effective rate was 60.95%.The degree of satisfaction of patients in treatment group was 95.24%,while it was 71.43% in control group.Conclusion Combining salcatonin and Xianling Gubao has better clinical effect than applying exclusive salcatonin in treatment of patients with osteoporotic pain.The combination of them could quicken the speed of recovery and increase the degree of satisfaction of patients.

Objective To observe the effect of cefoperazone sulbactam on the efficacy inflammatory factors in patients with sepsis. Methods 80 cases of sepsis patients from January 2014 to April 2015, were double-blindly, randomized divided into control group(41 cases) and observation group(39 cases). The control group was treated with conventional treatment methods, the observation group was treated with cefoperazone sulbactam. After treatment, Leukocyte IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 and C- reactive protein (CRP) levels of interleukin and curative effect in the two groups were analyzed. Results After treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1, CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t=15.555;t=11.122; t=9.379; t=34.782), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The total effective rate in the observation group was 95.12%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (76.93%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The proportion of painless and severe pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(76.93%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Cefoperazone sulbactam is effective in the treatment of sepsis, can improve the efficacy of treatment, it is a safe and effective treatment, should be promoted and used in clinical.

Objective To investigate the effect of levodopa on Parkinson's disease rats induced by 6-OHDA lesioned in different degrees. Methods Each group of PD rats whose nigrostriatal had been previously lesioned unilaterally by 6-OHDA received levodopa or saline injections twice daily for three weeks. The rotational behavior, immunohistochemistry and GSH level were observed. Results The rotational behavior ameliorated levodopa was seen only in severely lesioned PD rat. The levels of GSH in striatum were upregulated by levodopa treatment in moderately and severely lesioned PD rats. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunorecative neurofibers in the striatum were increased in mildly and moderately lesioned PD rats received levodopa treatment. Conclusions Levodopa upregulates the level of GSH in the striatum in moderately and severely lesioned PD rats. Levodopa will be benefical to mildly and moderately lesioned PD rats and has neurotrophic effect to promote the recovery of TH immunoreactive neurofibers in the striatum.

Objective] To explore the relationship between the pathogenesis theory of Qi and blood and stroke. [Method] The system research of ancient literature on the pathogenesis of stroke, analysis of stroke from the relationship between Qi and blood and stroke, focus on exploring the basic role of Qi and blood in the onset of stroke. [Results] Before the Tang and Song Dynasties doctors hadargument in the imaginary evilstroke pathogenesis;Jin era, that the internal gas is stroke, or qi deficiency Erzhi phlegm blockage;Ming and Qing Dynasties, many from the deficiency of Qi and Blood Stasis Theory, gas, blood throughout the stroke always. Supplementing qi and activating blood circulation method can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with stroke, stroke with Qi and blood as the pathogenesis treatment, clinical therapeutic effect. [Conclusion] Stroke syndrome differentiation from the blood, more can promote blood regulating. The stroke engine has extremely important theoretical and clinical significance from the blood, can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of stroke in different stages, and guide the clinic, it is worth further study.

Female ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; complications ; drug therapy ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective　 To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on proliferating of rabbit lens epithelial cells(RLECs).Methods　The second and three generations of RLECs were exposed to different concentrations of bFGF, and the proliferation characteristics of the cells were measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The ultrastructure of cell were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM).The changs of cells cycles were observed with flow cytometer (FCM).Results　 After the treatment of bFGF, RLECs showed the marked proliferation , especially in 10μg*L-1 of bFGF . TEM result showed that the cells were more active with bFGF, FCM result showed that the S phase cell obviously increased.Conclusion　bFGF is an important factor that can promote proliferation of RLECs.

Objective To investigate the effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70(TB .HSP70) as an adjuvant carrier on stimulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen(HBcAg)specific immune response to an accompanying cytotoxic T lym-phocytes epitope peptide from HBV core antigen in vitro .Methods Recombinant proteins HSP70(P1)、HSP70-HBcAg(18-27) (P2)、HSP70-PreS2B (18-24)-PreS2Th(37-53)-HBcAg(18-27)(P3) were expressed in methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 . The expression of recombinant proteins was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot .The effect of recombinant proteins on den-dritic cell and lymphocytes of chronic HBV infection volunteers was investigated in vitro .The maturation of dendritic cell was meas-ured by flow cytometry ;the secretion of Th1 cytokines such as IL-12p70 ,IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γ was measured by ELISA ;the proliferation of lymphocytes was measured by TdR-3H ;the HBV-spesific cytotoxic activity was measured by the classic 51 Cr .Re-sults The recombinant proteins (P1 ,P2 ,P3) were constructed successfully .P1 ,P2 ,P3 could activate dendritic cell from chronic HBV infection volunteers by upregulation CD1a ,CD40 ,CD86 and production Th1 cytokines such as IL-12p70 ,IL-1β and TNF-α. Especially P3 could better induce autologous T cells to generate HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes response ,activate the prolif-eration of lymphocytes and release IFN-γeffectively .However ,the recombinant HSP70 showed no target cell killing and could not induce immune response effectively .Conclusion TB .HSP70 can be used as an adjuvant carrier to stimulate HBV specific immune response to an accompanying cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitope peptide from HBV core antigen ,and enhance immunogenicity of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitope peptide .The P3 with B-and T-epitope can activate the HBV specific immune response effectively .

Objective To study the endoscopic anatomy of operative fissures in the sellar region related to pterional key-hole approach and to provide the anatomic basis for endoscope-assisted microneuro-surgery in the region. Methods Fifteen cadaver heads were dissected via pterional key-hole approach and the five operative fissures(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ) were studied with both microscope and endoscope, by which the outcomes observed were recorded and compared. Results The basic information obtained by the pterio-nalkeyhole approach was comparable to that of the classic ptefional approach. According to the anatomic guideposts under neuroendoscope, the microstructures of the five fissures and Willis' circle would be well demonstrated. It is better to display the various anatomic structures in sellar region by neuroendoscope rather than microscope, particularly some important microstructures. Angled endoscope can be used to inspec thidden but important structure behind the arteries and nerves. Conclusion According to the anatomic guideposts, an endoscopy can be used to enhance the visible field of an operative microscope related to pterional key-hole approach. The endoscope-assisted microsurgery can reduce complications and injury of the important structures and increase the curative effect on the lesions in the sellar region.

Autophagy is a metabolic pathway that widely presents in eukaryotic cells through the lysosomal mechanism to degrade its components. Autophagy regulates cell death not only by activating classic autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway, but also by influencing the occurrence and development of apoptosis and necrosis. Currently, the effect of autophagy in neuronal injury after acute cerebral ischemia/hypoxia and its specific mechanisms remain unclear. Studies have demonstrated that the autophagy after ischemia/hypoxia has a neuroprotective effect, such as maintaining neuronal homeostasis and reducing neuronal death; but other studies have also suggested that autophagy may aggravate neuronal injury after ischemia/hypoxia by activating multiple pathways, and even induce neuronal death.