AIM: To: optimize the extraction process of mussel polysaccharide, and then gain higher content of polysaccharide. METHODS: Involved in the three factors, temperature and times of extraction, concentration of NaOH solutions, to do the experiment by orthogonal design uniform design and the method of anthrone. RESULTS: The result showed that the most important factors were temperature of extraction and concentration of NaOH solutions. The optimum extraction conditions were A1B2C1, 4 ℃, 5% NaOH solutions and extracting only once. CONCLUSION: This optimized process is economical, simple, stable and efficient.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of double-lumen balloon catheter applied in patients with achalasia of cricopharyngeal muscle. Method Fifty patients with achalasia of cricopharyngeal muscle were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. All the patients received routine drug treatment,swallowing function training,feeding training and low frequency VitalStim electric stimulation. In addition,double-lumen balloon catheter and #14 urinary catheters were applied to patients in the experimental group and control group,respectively. The swallow water tests and video fluoroscopy swallowing study(VFSS) were used to evaluate the treatment effects,the electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscope was used to assess bleeding and swelling of mucous membrane,and VRS-5 was used to assess pain. Result After treatment,the scores of swallow water tests and VFSS were significantly better than those before treatment in both groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). However,the incidence of complications was significantly higher in the control group than that of experimental group(P<0.05). Conclusion Both treatment methods can effectively relieve the achalasia of cricopharyngeal muscle,but modified double-lumen balloon catheter can reduce the incidence of complications.

Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mandibulofacial Dysostosis

AIM: To study the antiviral effect of Fufang Yemazhui Capsule(Eupatorium lindleyanum DC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The influences on life span,death rate and lung index and lung histopathology of mice infected by influenza virus were observed. RESULTS: Fufang Yemazhui Capsule obviously inhibited influenza virus in vitro.Fufang Yemazhui Capsule could remarkably prolong life span,decrease lung index and inhibite the lung consolidation. CONCLUSION: Fufang Yemazhui Capsule shows significantly antiviral effect both in vitro and in vivo.

ObjectiveTo investigate the surgical method, experience, and skills in clipping anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoAA) via supraorbital keyhole approach.MethodsThe ACoAA case data of selectively clipping via non-dominant supraorbital keyhole approach according to the A2 open plane formed by the anterior communicating artery and the bilateral A2 segments were analyzed retrospectively.The surgical method and experience were analyzed.The indications and advantages and disadvantages of this method were summarized.ResultsACoAA in 12 patients were completely clipped via supraorbital keyhole approach from the side of non-dominant A1, and the dominant A1 segment arteries were well exposed.The patients were followed up for 4-29 months after procedure.No recurrence or rupture of the aneurysms was found.The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 5 in 11 patients and 4 in 1 patient.Conclusions ACoAA can be completely clipped via supraorbital keyhole approach from the side of non-dominant A1.It is a minimally invasive surgical approach with good efficacy.

Objective To synthesize 131I labeled anti-neuropilin-1 monoclonal antibody A6 (131IA6) and evaluate its biodistribution and imaging in malignant glioma xenografts.Methods (1) A6 was labeled with 131I by Iodogen method under the optimum labeling conditions,then the labeling efficiency,radiochemical purity and stability were measured in vitro.(2) In vitro bioactivity,cellular uptake and receptor affinity of 131I-A6 with U87MG cells were measured.(3) The nude mice bearing human U87MG cells were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 in each group.The nude mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and dissected at 24,48,72,96,and 120 h,respectively,after intravenous injection of 1.2 MBq 131I-A6.The biodistribution of the agent was measured as ％ID/g,and the ratios of tumor/blood (T/B) and tumor/muscle (T/M) were calculated.(4) SPECT/CT imaging was performed in 6 mice including 3 in the competitive inhibition control group at 24,48,72,96,and 120 h post injection.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.Results (1) The labeling yield of 131I-A6 was (95.46±3.34)％,and the radiochemical purity was more than 95％.At 96 h of incubation in PBS,the radiochemical purity was more than 85％.(2)131I-A6 had rapid accumulation in U87MG cells and reached the peak of (15.80±1.30)％ at 1 h.When the probe was incubated with large excesses of non-radioactive A6,the uptake level of 131I-A6 in U87MG cells was significantly inhibited (t=2.862,P＜0.05).Kd of 131I-A6 binding to NRP-1 was (1.67±0.14) nmol/L in U87MG cells.(3) Biodistribution study showed that the uptake in blood,liver and tumor was (8.00±1.42),(7.68±1.56) and (6.00±1.24) ％ID/g at 24 h,respectively.The uptake in muscle,brain and bone was lower.The T/B and T/M were 0.78±0.10 and 3.20±0.30 at 24 h,and they reached the highest level of 1.87±0.50 and 7.13±0.24 at 120 h.(4) The SPECT imaging showed that the tumors could be visualized at 24 h and delineated more clearly at 120 h post injection of 131I-A6.Conclusions 131I-A6 can be easily synthesized by Iodogen method with high radiochemical purity.The specific tumor uptake of 131I-A6,which correlates with NRP-1 expression in gliomas,suggests that it may be a new promising tumor targeting radiotracer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues,and deduce the probable molecular mechanism of HSF1 in the development and advancement of HCC.MethodsSixty-seven samples of HCC tissue and 21 samples of normal liver tissue were obtained from March 2006 to March 2007 at the Xijing Hospital.The expressions of HSF1 protein and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were detected by using immunohistochemistry.The probable molecular mechanism of HSF1 in the development and advancement of HCC was deduced according to the relationship between the expressions of HSF1 protein and HSP70.Positive rates of HSF1 protein in different tissues and the relationship between HSF1 protein expression in the HCC tissues and clinical pathological factors were analyzed by the chi-square test and by calculating Fisher exact probability,respectively.The correlation between the expressions of HSF1 protein and HSP70 in the HCC tissue was analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient.The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed by the Log-rank test.ResultsThe positive rates of HSF1 protein expression was 69％ (46/67) in the HCC tissue,which was significantly higher than 29％ (6/21) in the normal liver tissue ( x2 =10.628,P ＜ 0.05 ),The positive rates of HSP70 expression in the HCC tissue was 57％ (38/67),which was significantly higher than 24％ (5/21) in the normal liver tissue ( x2 =6.929,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of HSF1 protein in the HCC tissue was positively correlated with that of HSP70 (r=0.319,P ＜0.05).The high expression of HSF1 protein was correlated with the integrity of capsule of HCC,tumor differentiation and TNM stage (x2 =5.935,9.762,5.159,11.267,P＜0.05 ),while the high expression of HSF1 protein was not correlated with the gender,age,levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and alpha fetoprotein,and portal vein tumor thrombus ( x2 =0.822,0.172,2.059,P ＞0.05 ).The survival time was (21.4 ± 1.9 )months for patients with positive HSF1 protein expression and (29.8 ± 2.7 ) months for patients with negative HSF1 protein expression.There was a significant difference in the survival time between patients with positive and negative HSF1 protein expression ( x2 =4.276,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions HSF1 is correlated with the development,advancement,invasion,metastasis and malignant prognosis of HCC.HSF1 takes effects by regulating the expression of HSP70,and it has a good perspective of clinical application for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Objective To investigate the potential effectiveness of a computer-based gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy simulator in assessing the competence of GI endoscopy trainees.Methods Fifty trainees working in the endoscopy center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA between February 2009 and October 2011 were enrolled.These participants were divided into four groups based on their prior endoscopic experience:novices (no endoscopy experience),intermediate experienced (≤200 colonoscopies or ≤ 500 gastroscopies),experienced (201-1000 colonoscopies or 501-2000 gastroscopies),and experts (＞ 1000 colonoscopies or ＞ 2000 gastroscopies).Assessment of endoscopic skills was performed during a hand-eye coordination task (Endo Bubble level 1) and was based on parameters measured by the computer system including time to finish,average time between two bubbles,number of times wall touched.Results When GI trainees were categorized by their prior gastroscopy number,the time to finish of each group were (302.43 ± 108.96)s,(188.00 ± 59.88) s,135.00 (40.00) s,150.00 (69.00) s,and the average time between two bubbles were (14.29 ± 5.47) s,(8.82 ± 3.28) s,6.00 (2.00) s,7.00 (4.00) s,respectively.Pairwise comparison showed that except experienced and experts groups (P ＞ 0.05),there were significantly differences between remaining groups (P ＜0.01).However,based on the colonoscopic experiences,the time to finish of each group were 220.00(91.00)s,127.00(28.25)s,155.50(81.00)s,150.00(58.50)s,respectively,which were significantly different between each two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Average time between two bubbles of each group were 10.00 (4.00) s,5.50 (1.50) s,7.00 (3.75) s,7.00 (3.50) s,respectively,which were found significantly different among whole groups (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),but there were no differences between novice and experienced trainees and between intermediate experienced and experts groups.In contrast,the number of wall-touch was insufficient for assessment.Except the significant difference between novice and experienced group (P ＜ 0.05) as categorized by gastroscopy experience,there were no values to differentiate the trainees of different practical competence on gastroscopy or colonoscopy.Conclusion The parameter,time to finish,during a hand-eye coordination task using a virtual reality simulator might be able to differentiate the competence of operators,which was used prior to training in real-life endoscopy,but lack of accurate discriminatory function between experienced and experts.

Animals ; Humans ; Liver ; growth & development ; Liver Diseases ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction