Epidemic influenza (flu) is a disease threatening the life of people for a long history.A precise forecast for the flu outbreak can warn and help health care providers to take measures to reduce the influences and harms in advance.At present,with the development of information technology,there have accumulated tremendous data of flu trends and climate information.With a history of 90 years researches about the forecast of flu trends,researchers have put forward different types of forecasting methods,and each of them has merits and demerits.Among these methods,those ones considering the key climate factors have higher precisions.Considering various methods at present,the prediction accuracy can be improved mainly from two aspects:on one hand,the forecast accuracy can be improved by effectively integrate the advantages of different models ; On the other hand,the prediction must take into account of the specific climate of an area,pathogens and the mode of transmission characteristics in order to determine the most relevant climate factors or other highly related factors with which to design a more reasonable and accurate prediction method.

It's a multi-protein complex and not single protein that accomplish most of cellular activity.Therefore,to identify and analyze the composition of protein complex is necessary for studying the function of proteins.Tandem affinity purification technique(TAP) enables the effective purification of complex under physiological conditions without knowledge of the complex composition and function.Now,it has been adapted to analyze the composition of the protein complexes in yeast.Combined with mass spectrometry,TAP can identify the interacting proteins of target protein and offer great help for opening protein interacting network and function out.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of early usage with Wulingjun powder on the behavior of rats with post-traumat-ic stress disorder(PTSD)and the level of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 in their hippocampi. METHODS:50 SD rats were ran-domized into control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive control group(paroxetine,10 mg/kg)and the groups of low and high-dose(0.4,0.8 g/kg)Wulingjun powder. The rats in all groups except for control group,were exposed to single prolonged stress for the establishment of PTSD models. Corresponding drugs were given ig immediately after such establish-ment,qd,for 7 consecutive days. An open field test(the times of the rats’entering the central area and the percentage of the time the rats spent in exploring the central area within 10 min were recorded)was conducted 7 days after giving drugs;and an elevated plus-maze test(the times of the rats’in opening arms and the percentage of the time the rats spent in opening arms within 5 min were recorded)was carried out 8 days thereafter,to observe the behavior of the rats. Then the rats were sacrificed to determine the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in their hippocampi by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared to the normal group,the behavioral index of the rats in model group was significantly lower,and the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in their hippocampi was significantly higher(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared to model group,the behavioral index of the rats in positive control group and the group of high-dose Wuling-jun powder was significantly higher,and the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in their hippocampi was significantly lower (P<0.05),but no statistically significant difference was shown in all indexes in the group of low-dose Wulingjun powder (P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:High-dose Wulingjun power can improve the anxiety-like behavior of the rats with PTSD,which may be related to the re-duction in the level of IL-1βand IL-6 in the hippocampus.

AIM: To investigate the angiogenesis status,the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),angiopoietin-1(ANG-1),angiopoietin-2(ANG-2),thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) in cholangiocellular carcinoma(CCC) and relationship with tumor angiogenesis,differentiation,invasion and metastasis.METHODS: 33 specimen of surgically resected CCC were investigated.Immunohistochemical staining of CD34,VEGF,ANG-1,ANG-2 and TSP-1 was carried out.RESULTS: The mean MVD was(87.2?52.6)/mm2.VEGF positive expression was found in 75.6% cases;ANG-1 positive expression was observed in 36% cases;ANG-2 positive was detected in 57.6% cases and 45.5% cases exhibited positive TSP-1 expression.VEGF and ANG-2 expressions were found to be associated with significant higher level of MVD(P

Objective To evaluate the application of 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and software-assisted image analysis in preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of six patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June to December, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All six patients underwent 64-slice CT scanning before the operation, and then three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts was achieved with the assistance of Myrian (R) XP-Hepatic software. The relationships of the tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were illustrated in the 3D model. Virtual liver resection was carried out for surgical planning. Results The 3D models of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were successfully constructed . The 3D models were able to be rotated and magnified as necessary. Preoperative evaluation and surgical planning were in accordance with actual surgery. The relative accuracy of the software-assisted image analysis system for calculating the hepatic volume to be resected was 5%. Patients recovered well without occurrence of hepatic failure. Conclusion Sixty-four-slice CT scanning and software-assisted image analysis are important for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Medical biochemistry is a very important basic curricular in medicine teaching.But its theory is abstract,so it is difficult for teachers to teach.On the other hand,the students feel it hard to learn too,because they don't know how these theories are applied.We have applied case-based teaching in medical biochemistry teaching.These methods effectively improve students' enthusiasm to study and to train their scientific thinking in preliminary.Following this way we have explored a new way to elevate teaching qualities and search new teaching model and to further reform present medical biochemistry teaching model.

Object To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Methods The constituents were isolated on normal and reversed silica gel column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral evidence. Results A new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin and twelve known compounds, including two triterpenoid saponins, two cumarins and eight flavonoids, were isolated. Conclusion The new compound was elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-(6-methyl) glucuronopyranosyl (1→2)-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-24-hydroxy-glabrolide on the basis of ESI-MS, 1HNMR,13CNMR, HMQC and HMBC spectral evidence.

Objective To investigate the CT imaging findings of thymus and thyroid gland involved in Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) of pediatric patients. Methods CT image findings in pediatric patients with LCH confirmed by pathology and clinical diagnosis from January 2006 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. By radiography, 38 cases' thymus gland were involved and 8 cases' thyroids gland were involved. Results Plain CT scan for thymus gland involved patients revealed 9 cases were shown as hyperplasia, 17 cases were shown as calcification, 9 cases were shown as hyperplasia with calcification, 1 case was shown as cavity, 1 case was shown as hyperplasia with calcification and cavity and 1 case was shown as hyperplasia with calcification and low density. Enhanced CT scan for thyroid gland involved patients showed bilateral or unilateral enlargement of thyroid gland with heterogeneous low density and unobvious enhancement. Conclusions Finely calcifications were the most common CT findings on thymus gland involved in LCH and might without hyperplasia. CT imaging of thyroid LCH exhibited an enlarged or normal size and abnormal density in the thyroid gland with adjacent soft tissues involved.

Objective To evaluate if high energy spectral CT images of contrast-enhanced phase could replace the plain scan for radiation dose reduction in children with solid tumor in abdomen.Methods Thirty children with solid tumor in the abdomen underwent CT scan.Plain CT scan was performed as usual,and the contrast-enhanced scan was performed with spectral CT imaging mode.Eleven sets of monochromatic images were reconstructed from the enhanced spectral CT with energies from 40 to 140 keV with 10 keVinterval.CT values for liver,spleen,kidney,pancreas,muscle,vessel and tumors were measured on both the plain and contrast-enhanced spectral images and were statistically compared.Two board-certified radiologists reviewed both plain and contrast-enhanced spectral images for image quality,calcification and tumor characterization.Radiation dose was recorded(CTDIvol,DLP).Pair t test was used to analyze the difference.Results At 140 keV,CT values of the contrast-enhanced spectral images had good correlations with those of plain scan for various organs.The paired CT values between the 140 keV and plain phaseimages were (62.8± 1.1 vs.59.8±4.0),(69.4±2.6vs.63.1 ±5.6),(52.7 ±5.1 vs.51.4±4.0),(35.4± 5.9 vs.35.7 ±5.3),(51.4±8.6vs.50.0±5.7),(55.5±6.6vs.54.7±5.7) and (33.2± 10.4vs.35.4± 12.1) HU for vessel,liver,spleen,kidney,pancreas,muscleand tumor,respectively.There was no significant difference between two groups(t=0.335 to 2.127,P＞0.05).140 keV images of the contrast-enhanced spectral scan in pediatric tumor patients provided adequate image quality (4.4±0.8 points and 3.7±0.5 points)for describing solid tumor features and calcification.The radiation dose of plain phase and contrast-enhanced phase were [CTDIvol (1.6±0.8) mGy,DLP(46.4±36.8)mGy·cm and CTDIvol(12.7±0.1)mGy,DLP(378.6±91.4)mGy·cm.Conclusion It isfeasible to replace plain CT with 140 keV contrast-enhanced spectral images to reduce 10％ radiation dose.

Objective To investigate the correlationship between depressed behaviors and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in brain tissue in mice which are insensitive to fluoxetine,and to mimic the treatment resistant depression (TRD) in clinical condition.Methods 50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into Control group (Control),Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group and CUMS+fluoxetine group.Mice in Control group were raised ad libitum for 9 weeks,those in CUMS group received CUMS for 9 weeks and those in CUMS+fluoxetine group received 8 weeks' CUMS followed 1 week' s treatment with Fluoxetine(10 mg · kg-1 · d-1).At the end of the 9th week,mice in(CUMS + treatment)group were selected into antidepressant treatment-resistant mice(ATRM) as no remission and Depression Group (DM) as symptoms improved.Body mass test (BMT),open field test (OFT) and forces swim test (FST) were completed respectively in these 4 groups at the endpoint of the experiment,and the brain tissue were extracted after the tests for IL-1β Elisa test.Results (1) BMT:there was no effect of weightgain in ATRM after 1 week' s therapy with Fluoxetine.There was no difference in body-weight between ATRM ((18.56±7.56) g) and CUMS ((19.03± 8.58) g) mice,while compared with Control ((24.56±5.45) g) and DM mice ((20.12±9.17) g) ATRM and CUMS mile's body weight were significantly lower (P＜0.05).(2)OFT and FST:in OFT,there was no significant difference in of horizontal moving distance(F=0.355) either in the frequencies of entering the central zone (F=0.327) among the 4 groups;in OFT,the immobility time of ATRM ((241.50 ± ± 36.55) s) was significantly longer than that in DM ((156.00± 25.47) s) (F=13.573,P＜0.05).(3) Elisa test of IL-1β:the brain' s IL-1β serum level in ATRM ((164.90±46.70) pg/mg) was higher than those in Control ((69.68±6.56) pg/mg)),and DM ((93.09±4.65) pg/mg) (P＜0.01),while no difference with that in CUMS mice.Additionally,the depressive behaviors in ATRM showed its positive correlation with the IL-1β level in CNS (r=0.669,P=0.006).Conclusion CUMS can elicit the refractory depressive symptoms in BALB/c mice to simulate TRD' s characteristic,and the elevated level of IL-1 β within brain tissue may play an important role in the development of TRD.