Objective To provide data support for safe and accurate lower cervical pedicle screw implantation by observing the lower cervical pedicle and its relationship between the adjacent spinal cord, endorhachis, nerve root and vertebral artery, particularly its relation-ship between the endorhachis and epidural sinus. Methods Measured the C3 ~ C7 cervical sample of 32 adult with vernier caliper and pro-tractor, including the distance between cervical pedicle and its upper and lower nerve root, the distance between cervical pedicle and en-dorhachis, the distance between cervical pedicle and vertebral artery, and the distance between cervical pedicle and epidural sinus. Results The distance betweencervical pedicle and its upper nerve root was 1. 18~1. 40 mm, the distance between cervical pedicle and its lower nerve root was 2. 33~3. 11 mm;the distance between cervical pedicle and endorhachis was 2. 75~3. 33 mm;and there was nearly no distance be-tween cervical pedicle and vertebral artery and epidural sinus. Conclusion Cervical pedicle has a very close relationship with spinal cord, endorhachis, vertebral artery and nerve root, and the cervical pedicle is narrow and small. Therefore, it requires fully assess accroding to in-dividualization so as to prevent injury of important anatomical structures.

Objective:To study the effects of acitretin or IFNα-2a or both on the apoptosis and caspases expressions in human-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCL-12.Methods: SCL-12 cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of or acitretin or IFNα-2a or both.Apoptosis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in these cells.Apoptotic cells were observed by acridine orange staining .The protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 in SCL-12 cells were analyzed by Western blot.Results:The inhibition ratio of the cell growth significantly higher in groups of Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both than control group , and the effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly activated in combined group .The effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Conclusion:Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both plays a central role in the apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells ,which may be related to the Fas-way and mitochondria-way.

Objective:To understand the difference of prevalence rate and main symptoms of northwest dryness syndrome(NDS) of the long staying and temporary residents at Xinjiang by comparing the cotton workers in Shihezi come from mainland with inhabitant of Xinjiang,under the environment of NDS.Methods:To design questionnaire according to the Chinese medicine theories and modern epidemiology method,and carry out sampling questionnaire in cotton workers of Shihezi,Hetian,Urumqi,Yili and Leshan,then carry out syndrome differentiation with computation and statistical analysis about NDS.Results:The distributing date,syndromic types and main symptoms scores of NDS in the cotton workers in Shihezi and other areas were obtained from 3658 questionnaires.The highest attack rate of NDS on cotton workers was in Hetian.The attack rate in Sichuan was higher than that in Shizihe(P0.05).The higher scores,symptoms of DNS in Shizihe were the main symptoms of dryness syndrome,but the higher scores,symptoms of NDS in Hetian,Yili and Urumqi were the characteristic symptoms.The external-dryness score of cotton workers in Shihezi was obviously higher than that in other areas(P

As pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity,Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the identification of pathogens,regulation of adaptive immunity and signal transduction.With more exploration of the mechanism of microbial keratitis and the acute or chronic rejection after penetrating keratoplasty,the induction and regulation of TLRs on the corneal immune response is increasingly concerned.Up to now,more and more studies of immune signal pathway of TLRs in mediating inflammatory response of bacterial keratitis,fungal keratitis,viral keratitis and graft rejection have been documented.To regulate the expression of TLRs is undoubtedly available for lightening and arresting the immuno-inflammatory response.Here,the current knowledge about TLRs,their signal transduction pathway and their regulation on corneal immunity are summarized,aiming to discuss their significant effects and the potential therapeutic targets.

Congenital cataract is the leading cause for low vision and blindness in infancy and childhood.One third of congenital cataract cases are associated with genetic mutation and hereditary,and the etiology of congenital cataract is heterogenous and its phenotype is variable.The known mutation genes include encoding structural lens protein,gap junction protein,membrane protein and lens-developing-related regulatory protein.Location and identification of mutation genes in congenital cataract patients are necessary for us to understand the molecular defects and pathophysiologic features of congenital cataract.With the development of molecular biology techniques,the study on the mechanism of congenital cataract has made great progress,which is helpful for us to further understand the heredity pattern as well as the influence of environment and nourishment to the metabolism of lens.The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature of current advance in the study on molecular genetic basis of congenital cataract.

The article searches for the methods which combine teaching with scientific research in functional experiment in order to cultivante the students' ability of innovation and practice.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of gallstone occurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods Relevant documents published from 1990 to 2014 were retrieved through Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science CNKI,Wan Fang and VIP databases search.The Meta-analysis was applied with RevMan 5.3 software for Odds ratio and 95％ CI.Results 24 studies were selected for this Meta-analysis which included 3 randomized controlled trials,13 cohort studies and 8 case-controlled studies.These 24 studies included patient number which ranged from 32 to 893.The pooled OR (95％ CI) and P values of OR (95 ％ CI) for physiologic digestive tract reconstruction were 0.53 (0.44 ～ 0.65,P ＜ 0.05) ;amount of resection of stomach,1.98 (1.29 ～ 3.04,P ＜ 0.05) ; lymphadenectomy,0.38 (0.21 ～ 0.72,P ＜ 0.05) ; vagotomy,0.24 (0.13 ～ 0.45,P ＜ 0.05) ; and pylorus preservation,0.70 (0.48 ～ 1.02,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Physiologic digestive tract reconstruction and vagus nerve preservation reduced occurrence of gallstones after gastrectomy.On the other hand,total gastrectomy and extensive lymph node dissection increased the occurrence.There was no significant difference in the occurrence of gallstones whether there was pylorus preservation or not.

Objective To develop an assay of HPLC for the content determination of dryocrassine in Guanye Jinsitao drop pills. Methods The column was Kromasil-C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm);mobile phase was acetonitrile-chloroform-isopropanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (52∶8∶30∶10);flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;UV detection was performed at 285 nm;detected drift tube temperature was set at 25 ℃. Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.236-2.124 μg for dryocrassine (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate of dryocrassine was 99.64% (RSD=1.90%). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate. It is suitable for the determination of dryocrassine in Guanye Jinsitao drop pills.

Objective To observe the influence of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory fac-tors and prognosis in severe multiple trauma patients.Methods A total of 53 cases of severe multiple trauma were randomly divided into the treatment group(n =27)and the control group(n =26).Besides basic treatment,patients in the treatment group received additional intensive insulin therapy by micro-pump.The level of blood glucose in the control group was controlled under 11.1 mmol/L.Levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and CRP were tested before and after treatment.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,noso-comial infection rate,and mortality rate were also observed.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6, and CRP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P <0.05 or P <0.01).The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,nosocomial infection,and mortality rate in the treatment group was lower(P <0.05).Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy can effectively decrease the expressions of inflammatory factors in patients with severe multiple trauma,improve the prognosis,re-duce the incidence of nosocomial infection and mortality.

The Proposal for the Standardization of Urinary Sediments Examination and the expert consensus have provided effective and timely instruction on urinalysis normalization,but there are still some puzzles about the methods and requirements on quality improvement for urinalysis normalization.This paper is discussing about some issues referring to American and European urinalysis guidelines,which include establishment of examination procedure,specifications and methods of testing system evaluation,specimen stability,the influence of sample centrifugation,the usage of sample staining,confirmation tests,requirements on result reporting,internal quality control and external quality assessment.These discussions will contribute to the quality improvement of urinalysis in clinical laboratories.