Objective To explore the value of enzyme‐linked immunospot(ELISPOT ) assay in the diagnosis of acquired immu‐nodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection .Methods 42 hospitalized AIDS patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and 60 non‐tuberculosis hospitalized patients with diseases of respiratory system in the same period were recruited as observation group and control group ,respectively .ELISPOT assay ,tuberculosis antibody(TBAb) test and tuberculin skin test(TST) were performed for all the patients ,respectively .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the 3 meth‐ods were comparatively analyzed .Results The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of ELISPOT were 92 .9% ,93 .3% and 93 .1% . These of TBAb were 54 .8% ,71 .7% and 64 .7% ,and of TST were 47 .6% ,53 .3% and 51 .0% ,respectively .There were significant differences among three methods in sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of ELIS‐POT were the highest in the 3 methods(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences between TBAb test and TST in sensitivi‐ty ,specificity and accuracy(P>0 .05) .Conclusion ELISPOT assay has relatively high diagnostic value in AIDS patients with My‐cobacterium tuberculosis infection .

Animals ; China ; Echinococcosis ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Malaria ; diagnosis ; Schistosomiasis ; diagnosis

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of partial tubeless and traditional percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) in treatment of upper urinary calculus and to evaluate the clinical feasibility and value. Methods 206 patients with upper urinary calculus were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from May 2013 to May 2014 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were randomized into the observation group (tubeless PCNL group) and the control group (traditional PCNL group). The operation time,stone clearance rate,visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs,hemoglobin decrease,blood transfusion,bleeding,fever, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life were compared. Results All the operations were successfully finished. There were no statistically significant difference in operation time,stone clearance rate,hemoglo-bin decrease,bleeding,blood transfusion and fever (P>0. 05),but the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life of the observation group were evidently lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion As partial tubeless PCNL have a great advantage on ease post-operative pain,shorten postoperative hospital stay,reduce hospitalization expenses and accelerate patients return to normal life,it is safe and effective for the treatment of upper urinary calculus,and it should be popularized and applied.

Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcino-ma in humans.Due to the lack of suitable experimental animal models for HCV infection, the development of more effective treatment of HCV infection and vaccines has been delayed.Chimpanzee is the best experimental animal model for the re-search of hepatitis C virus ( HCV) infection.However, because of its limited in resource, expensive in breeding, and difference in clinical symptoms, thus developing new experimental animal models for HCV-related basic and applied re-search is imminent.In recent years, as a surrogate animal model, the development of rodent model and other models has been achieved a lot of progress.Using such as genetically modified experimental techniques, those surrogate animals were infected with HCV in vivo and were successfully applied to research in several areas.In this review, we will focus on the a-chieved progress in naturally infected animal model and transgenic surrogate experimental models, and their advantage and limitation in usage in study on the pathogenetic mechanism of infection, drug evaluation and development of vaccines, and will also discuss the future direction of development of experimental animal models for research of infection with HCV.

Objective To study TLC and HPLC fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba;To provide reliable methods for its quality control and evaluation. Methods TLC was performed to detect paeoniflorin with CHCl3-EtOAc-methanol-formic acid (40∶5∶10∶0.2) as the developing solvent system. The HPLC chromatographic separation was performed on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm, 12 nm). The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.05%phosphoric acid in gradient elution with flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The TLC spots were clear. Fifteen common peaks including paeoniflorin (the ninth peak) in the HPLC profile were found in ten batches of samples of Paeoniae Radix Alba in different growing areas, the fingerprints of samples from Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province showed little difference. Conclusion Fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba showed unique features, and can be used to control its quality.

The relationships between cholinergic neurons and SP terminals were examined in the rat sacral ventral horn at the light and electron microscopic levels by means of double immunostaining methods. Cholinergic neurons were labeled by a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) with the avidin-biotin technique and stained bluish-green by indolyl-?-galactoside reaction products with ?-galactosidase as a marker. On the same sections, SP fibers were labeled by polyclonal antisera to SP after application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and stained brown by diaminobenzidine (DAB)reaction. At the light microscopic level CHAT-I neurons stained bluish-green and SP- I fibers Stained brown were found in the ventral horn. At the electron microscopic level, many asymmetrical axodendritic synapses(type I of Gray)were observed between CHAT-I dendrites and SP-I terminals in the ventral horn, but axosomatic synapses and symmetrical synapses (type I of Gray) were hardly detected. These results indicate that SP-I terminals make direct synapses with CHAT-I motoneurons of sacral ventral horn. These synapses may be predominantly excitatory and have importance in the control of muscular constriction.

Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

There are many kinds of the scaffolds of tissue engineered cartilage, including collagen, polylactic acid hybrid material, chitosan and decellular extracellular matrix. They all have biocompatibility, safety and stable physicochemical property, which indicate good application value in the field of tissue engineering. Moreover, the composite scaffolds are superior to simple scaffold. It is potential scaffold materials that developing into composite materials, biomimetic materials, modified natural materials, intelligent material and nano-technological materials.

Objective To examine the effect of PDGF-αreceptor on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in rabbits. Methods Different concentrations of PDGFR-α ASODN were mixed with lip 2000, and the final proportion of PDGFR-α ASODN/lip2000 complex was 1∶1、1∶2.5 and 1∶5 respectively. All the complexes were incubated with cultured human retinal pigment epithelium for 24 hours before transfection. The rabbits were divided into group A (RPE cells)、group B and C (1.0、2.0 μmol/L PDGFR-αASODN lipofectin transfection of RPE cells) with 8 eyes each. The level of PVR were estimated by indirect ophthalmoscope examination; the fundus changes were estimated by histopathology; and the expression of PDGFA was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The highest transduction efficiency was PDGFR-α ASODN/ lip2000 ratio to 1∶2.5. The degree of proliferative vitreoretinopath , the fundus changes and the density of PDGFA in group B and group C were significantly lower than that in group A, while group C more lower than group B. Conclusion PDGF-αreceptor antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit the development of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.