To explore the risk factors for and the pathogenic mechanisms of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.
 Methods: A total of 2 668 females who completed pelvic floor functional detection from July 2014 to October 2015 in the Physical Examination Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patients were divide into 4 groups: an urinary incontinence group, an organ prolapse group, an organ prolapse with urinary incontinence group, and a normal group. We compared the age, BMI, menopause, gravidity and parity, delivery pattern, the coordination of pelvic floor and abdominal muscles among the 4 groups.
 Results: There were statistical differences in age and BMI values among the 4 groups (P<0.05).There were statistical differences in menopause rate, gravidity and parity history among the normal group and the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and between the organ prolapse group and the organ prolapse with urinary incontinence group (P<0.05). However, the urinary incontinence group was not statistically different from the organ prolapse group and the normal group (P>0.05). In the mode of delivery, there were statistical difference among the normal group and the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and between the organ prolapse group with urinary incontinence group and the organ prolapse or the urinary incontinence group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the urinary incontinence group and the organ prolapse group (P>0.05). Among the 4 groups, the normal group was the best one in coordination between pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, following by the organ prolapse group, the pelvic organ prolapse group and the urinary incontinence group.
 Conclusion: Aging, menopause, number of pregnancies and delivery, BMI, and mode of delivery all affect the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Females with urinary incontinence or organ prolapse are not good in coordination between the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles.
Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor ; pathology ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Incontinence ; pathology

Pelvic floor ultrasound can clearly visualize the position and morphology of pelvic floor organs, observe the pelvic organ prolapse in real-time, and quantify and analyze the degree of the levator ani muscle injury, which is the most common imaging method to assess the morphology and function of the levator ani muscle to date. The different ultrasound imaging techniques provide a variety of indicators, each with its own advantages and limitations.Furthermore, two-dimensional ultrasound is the basis of imaging, but it fails to detect cross-sectional images of the pelvic floor; three-dimensional ultrasound can acquire the axial plane of the levator hiatus; tomographic ultrasound imaging allows real-time observation of the levator ani muscle injury; shear wave elastography can provide a quantitative assessment of the contractility and elastic characteristics of the levator ani muscle in real-time. It is of great significance to summarize the basic principles of various ultrasound imaging techniques, summarize the ultrasound image characteristics of levator ani muscle and its hiatus in different populations and different states, and explore the cut-off values and diagnostic criteria-related ultrasound parameters for improving the diagnostic efficiency of pelvic floor ultrasound for levator ani muscle injury, leading to reducing missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of lesions.
Humans ; Female ; Pelvic Floor/pathology* ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/pathology* ; Ultrasonography/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Uterine Diseases ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Uterus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult