The special trichrome stain and immunocytochemical stain were used to show neurites, Schwann's cells in cultured pe-ripheral nerve tissue. The dorsal root ganglia(DRG) of rat were cultured on polypyrrole membrane for 2 weeks. Then, the cul-tured speciments were stained by special stain, which was composed of hematoxylin, fast green FCF. ehromotrope 2R and phos-photungstic acid; or by immunocytochemical stain with anti-S-100 protein and anti-neurofilament antibodies. In the specialtrichrome stained specimen the long processes from DRG were stained aquamarine blue; part of the cell nuclei on the processes orpolypyrrole membrane were stained red or purplish red, and the cytoplasm ashen. We testified that the long processes from DRGwere neurites and the cells which were purplish red nuclei and ashen cytoplasm were Schwann's cells in immunocytochemicalstain. The special staining could differentiate neurites and Schwann's cells in cultured peripheral nerve tissue.

Objective To study the effect of sub-glottal convergence angle on the degree of glottal closure, and to analyze the potential mechanism of dysphonia by the incomplete glottal closure.Methods Three vocal fold positions (adduction, intermediate and abduction) were evaluated by the degree of glottal closure, and divided into three groups.The neck CT images of the subjects were gathered.The vocal folds were adduction group when the normal subjects made a sustaining phonation /i:/ during CT scanning;the vocal folds were abduction group when the normal subjects made a deep breathing during CT scanning, and the unilateral vocal folds were incomplete closing group when the unilateral vocal fold paralysis subjects made a deep breathing during CT scanning.3D models of the vocal folds and the airway were reconstructed using Mimics software, through which the sub-glottal convergence angle was measured.Using one-way factor analysis of variance, we compared the angle among three groups.Results The angle changed with degree of glottal closure, with statistically significant differences among the three groups(P<0.01).The means of the angle in three groups were 33.49°±3.75°, 55.03°±2.61° and 75.02°±7.32°.Conclusion The 3D model generation from CT data is an effective method of measuring the sub-glottal convergence angle, while the angle changes with the degree of glottis closure.The angle may affect sub-glottal pressure distribution in the sub-glottal shear or normal direction and influence vocal fold vibration, which would make vibration and vocal fold mucosal wave generation more difficult, and might cause dysphonia.

This paper aims to analyze the impact of splenic vein thrombosis (SVT) on the hemodynamic parameters in hepatic portal vein system. Based on computed tomography (CT) images of a patient with portal hypertension and commercial software MIMICS, the patient's portal venous system model was reconstructed. Color Doppler ultrasound method was used to measure the blood flow velocity in portal vein system and then the blood flow velocities were used as the inlet boundary conditions of simulation. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, we simulated the changes of hemodynamic parameters in portal venous system with and without splenic vein thrombosis and analyzed the influence of physiological processes. The simulation results reproduced the blood flow process in portal venous system and the results showed that the splenic vein thrombosis caused serious impacts on hemodynamics. When blood flowed through the thrombosis, blood pressure reduced, flow velocity and wall shear stress increased. Flow resistance increased, blood flow velocity slowed down, the pressure gradient and wall shear stress distribution were more uniform in portal vein. The blood supply to liver decreased. Splenic vein thrombosis led to the possibility of forming new thrombosis in portal vein and surroundings.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; Computer Simulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Portal Vein ; Splenic Vein ; pathology ; Thrombosis ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in Qinghai Han population.Methods Ninety cases of Graves disease were selected from June 2011 to February 2014 in The People's Hospital of Qinghai Province,and the 90 patients were divided into two subgroups according to GO (49 cases) and GD without GO(41 cases).Then the genotype and allele of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) were detected in surum by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49 A/G) genotype frequencies (AA,AG,GG) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [4.1％ (2/49) to 7.3％ (3/41),44.9％ (22/49) to 61.0％ (25/41),51.0％ (25/49) to 31.7％ (13/41),Fisher exact probability,P =0.180 ＞ 0.05]; the distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) allele frequencies (A,G) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [26.5％ (26/98) to 37.8％ (31/82),73.5％ (72/98) to 62.2％ (51/ 82),x2 =2.622,P＞ 0.05].Conclusion CTLA-4 gene exon 1 (+ 49A/G) may not be a candidate susceptibility gene for Qinghai Han GO.

Objective To study the effect of nerve regeneration factor(NRF) on apoptosis of PC12 cells and its mechanism. Methods PC12 cells under the condition of low concentration serum(0^3% newborn bovine serum in RPMI 1640 medium) were treated with NRF or NGF(both are concentrations of 0^01*!mg/L,0^1*!mg/L,and 1*!mg/L).The changes in the number and outgrowth in cultured PC12 cells were observed under light microscope,and the surival and growth of cultured PC12 cells were measured by MTT.The percentage of apoptosis or necrosis cells and caspase-3 activity were both detected by FCM. Results There were no difference in these parameters between the group of NRF and NGF,whereas there were superior to that of the blank control group.Conclusion NRF can protect the cultured PC12 cells from apoptosis in low concentration serum.

Objective To study the expression and the distribution of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves of adult SD rats. Methods Both distal and proximal segments of 12 days cut-off sciatic nerves of SD rats were obtained.Then immunohistochemistry and dual fluorescent-immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response were detected by the image analyses system. Results The Schwann cells's membranes which in the distal and proximal of lesioned sciatic nerves appeared to have positive expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response in the distal end were denser and larger than those in the proximal.Conclusion Tropic1808 gene expressional protein expresses in the Schwann cell's membranes of the distal and the proximal after the peripheral nerves were injured.The positive expression in the distal was higher than that in the proximal.;

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving propaganda level and effect of rational drug use. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate the recognition,attitude and demand of consumers in retail pharmacies,students in parts of pharmaceutical universities and their parents and patients in parts of hospitals in more than 10 provinces(autonomous re-gions and municipalities)for propaganda of rational drug use,and the results were statistically significant. RESULTS:The question-naires ranged from 100 to 2 000 in each province (autonomous region and municipality),and totally 11 700 questionnaires were sent out,11 490 were received with recovery of 98.2%;10 980 were effectively received with effective recovery of 95.6%. 78.4%respondents heard of the concept of rational drug use,proportion of young and middle-aged people in 18-44 years old was signifi-cantly higher than other age group,the proportion was significantly increased by the improvement of education,and the proportion of people closer to the city was higher(P<0.001);the respondents who can fully understand the content of the propaganda account-ed for 22.7%,while higher education held higher proportion on“fully understand”,and people closer to the city held higher pro-portion on“fully understand”and“partially understand”(P<0.001);only 9.5% respondents could fully trust propaganda activity, proportion of choosing“partially trust”was generally increased by the improvement of education(P<0.001);and 69.1% respon-dents hoped to obtain relevant knowledge,people who had more purchase frequencies showed stronger willing(P<0.001);the top 3 preferences of respondents for propaganda forms were“face to face guidance from physicians and pharmacists”,“reading drug in-structions”and“reading professional books”. CONCLUSIONS:With insufficient recognition on rational use of drugs,coverage of propaganda about rational drug use needs further expand,public understanding of propaganda contents about rational drug use is fairly limited and people’s trust level towards propaganda is not high,but the public has strong desires to obtain the knowledge about rational drug use. Therefore,various means should be adopted to improve the effects on propaganda of rational drug use.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hypertension, depression and cognitive function in elderly. Methods General conditions and health status were surveyed in 207 individuals, which were divided into hypertension group, depression group, hypertension and depression group and controls. Patients cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), depression severity was detected by Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) , other relative data were collected. Results Elderly patients with depression were more inclined to live alone. Comparing with control, hypertension patients had lower attention and calculation. Depression patients had lower orientation, attention, calculation and linguistic ability ( P < 0.05). Compared with hypertension patients, patients combined with depression had significantly lower MMSE scores, orientation, recall and language ( P <0. 05). Patients with hypertension and depression had lower attention and calculation, compared with hypertension a-lone patients ( P <0. 05 ). MMSE scores of depressed patients were negatively related to HAMD scores ( r = -0. 706, P <0.01). Logistic regression revealed depression or combination of hypertension and depression were related to impairment of cognitive ability ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Both hypertension and depression in the elderly impaired cognitive function. The cognitive function impairment in elderly was closely associated with hypertension and depression. Prevention and control of hypertension and depression might be helpful in slowing down impairment of cognitive function in elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STATI) and DNA-binding activity of STATI in T cells in patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Six patients were included. Patients were given 0.5～1 g of methylprednisolone on 3 consecutive days. Western Blotting was conducted to explore the phosphorylated STATI expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were carried out to detect the DNA-biding activity of STATI. Results Methylprednisolone pulse therapy decreased phosphorylated STATI expression of T cells from patients with severe SLE. The expression of phosphorylated STATI decreased to about 30% 72 h after the methylprednisolone pulse therapy started (t=2.858, P<0.05). Methylprednisolone pulse therapy down-regulated DNA-biding activity of STATI of T cells in patients with severe SLE. The STATI DNA-biding activity was inhibited to about 40% 72 h after methy-Iprednisolone pulse, therapy started (t=3.058, P<0.05). Conclusion Phosphorylated STATI expression and DNA-binding activity of T cells is markedly decreased in patients after methylprednisolone pulse therapy, suggesting that inhibition of STATI signaling contributes to the clinical efficacy of this agent.

Objective To construct PES1 shRNA stable expression cell lines in tongue squamous cell carcinoma ( TSCC) cells and to study the effect of knockdown of PES 1 on the growth of TSCC cells .Methods Recombinant lentivirus carrying PES1 shRNA was packaged and obtained in 293T cells.TSCC cells (Tca8113, SCC6 and SCC15) were infected with the lentivirus and selected for stable cells .PES1 expression was identified by Western blot .The effect of inhibition of PES1 on the growth and cell cycle of TSCC cells was detected by growth curve and flow cytometry .Results TSCC cells stably expressing PES1 shRNA were constructed.Knockdown of PES1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle ar-rest at G0/G1 phase.Knockdown of PES1 inhibited expression of cyclin D1 in TSCC cells.Conclusion Inhibition of PES1 results in reduced cell proliferation , cell cycle arrest at G 0/G1 phase and reduction of cyclin D 1 expression in TSCC cells . PES1 may be a target for TSCC gene therapy .