OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality control method for compound seabuckthorn oil granule.METHODS:Radix astragali,angelica root,rhizoma chuanxiong,seabuckthorn seed oil were identified by TLC and the content of astragalosideⅠin compound seabuckthorn oil granule was determined by TLC-scanning method.RESULTS:Radix astragali,angelica root,rhizoma chuanxiong,seabuckthorn seed oil could be detected by TLC.Good liner relationship achieved when the sample application size of astregalosideⅠwas with the range of 0.98?g～4.90?g,the average recovery was 99.62%(RSD=2.51%).CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate with good reproducibility and strong specificity,and it can be used for the quality control of compound seabuckthorn oil granule.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of tulobuterol tape on mild or moderate bronchial asthma in children less than three years old . Methods Sixty-two children with mild or moderate asthma were randomized to receive either tulobuterol tape(treatment group) or procaterol hydrochloride tablet(control group) on the basis of inhaled fluticasone propionate for 2 weeks. Symptom scores of asthma, frequencies of episode of wheeze, doses of inhaled ventolin as rescue drug and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. Results In the treatment group,the symptom scores during daytime in the treatment group were (2. 2 ±0. 9)/week and (0. 9 ±0. 5)/week after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in the control group(3.4 ± 1. 1)/week and (1. 3 ± 0. 6)/week after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, respectively) (P < 0. 05). The symptom scores during night in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after one week of treatment (1. 8 ± 0. 7) /week v. s. (3. 3 ± 0. 9) /week, P < 0. 05). The frequencies of episode of wheeze was significantly different between the two groups (2. 3 ±1.2 and 3. 6 ± 1.3 in the treatment and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05) .The doses of inhaled ventolin in the treatment group (2. 6 ±0.9 spray/week) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.7 ± 0. 8) spray/week) (P < 0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3. 12% v. s. 23. 33% ,x2 = 3. 89,P<0.05). Conclusions Tulobuterol tape is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of mild or moderate bronchial asthma in children less than three years old.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the reform of the postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree. METHODS:Domestic literatures about postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree from 2010 to 2013 were searched and combined with the current education situation in China to conclude and summarize the existing problems and reform strategy. RESULTS:Postgraduate education mode of pharmaceutical professional degree in China was still in the explor-atory stage,with shortage of teachers,unreasonable courses,unsound educational structure,nonsupport of the students,imperfec-tion evaluation systems,and so on. Further promoting the reform of postgraduate education mode needs to strengthen teacher teams ’construction,implement cooperative training;improve training program and teaching courses;strengthen dissertation applica-tion-oriented and practice base construction;fully mobilize the enthusiasm and motivation of students;promote the connection of pharmaceutical professional training and vocational qualifications;and improve the quality assurance systems. CONCLUSIONS:Further implementation of postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree and postgraduate education of pharma-ceutical professional degree can train the applied talents that meet social needs,improve employment rate of postgraduates and re-duce waste of educational resources.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a database that contains the standard basic information of drugs.METHODS:The drug basic information was collected and coordinated,and the data included the category,commercial name,general name in Chinese and English,and the dosage form,specification,packaging and quantity etc.of the drug.The code was endued with one drug in accordance with this drug information and the code rules.RESULTS:A database comprised more than 65 000 items of the standard drug basic information was established.CONCLUSION:That such a database could be the footstone of the drug information managing and communication and be very important to the drug information share.

OBJECTIVE:To design chinese unified bar code for drugs(BCD)with uniqueness and permenancy.METHO_ DS:Based on analysis of the status and problems of BCD used at present in China,the method and principle to standardize BCD were brought forward.RESULTS:The statistics indicated that most of the prescription drugs have no BCD labelled on the package and there is no unified drug identifying criterion adopted by pharmaceutical manufactures,therefore the depart?ment concerned should draw up unified BCD in China.CONCLUSION:Chinese unified BCD would be beneficial to scientific management of drugs and to ensure the safety of drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the current situation and developing trend of antibiotic/beta-lactamase inhibitor(BLI)preparations consumed.METHODS:The antibiotic/BLI preparations used in18hospitals of Chongqing in2001～2003were collected in respect to the compositions,dosage forms,specifications,drug name,manufacturers and sum of money for consumption,and the clinical application information was analysed.RESULTS:The sum of money for these antibi?otics/BLI consumed in the years2001,2002and2003were2229,2937and4119ten-thousand yuan(RMB),respectively,with an average annual increase rate of26.41%.Among them the consumption costs of antibiotics plus sulbactam,clavulanate and tazobactam were6280,2276and729ten-thousand yuan(RMB),accounting for67.64%,24.51%and7.85%of the total consumption sum,with an annual increase rates of32.20%,35.93%and94.50%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The consump?tion of the antibiotic/BLI preparations was increasing fast in these years and the more requirement for the antibiotic/BLI preparations by market would be expected in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trends o f fluoroquinolones(FQNs) used in hospitals in four provinces,southwest district of China,during the period 2000～2002 METHODS:FQNs used in 51 hospitals in 4 provinces(cities) were analyzed statistically in respect to the sum of money ,main kinds and DDDs etc RESULTS:During the period 2000～2002,a total of 13 kinds of FQNs was used in these hospitals The consumption sums of FQNs in 2000 ,2001 and 2002 were 7 391,9 342 and 13 242 ten-thousand yuans respectively wi th an annual increase rate of 34 08%,of which the main cause was due to the i ncreasing consumption of levofloxacin,sparfloxacin and ofloxacin,however,the DDDs of FQNs in 2001 and 2002 decreased by 17 58% and 19 38% respectively,c ompared with that in 2000,which resulted from the reducing consumption of norfl exacin,but no significant differences were found in the average DDD costs among three years Meanwhile,the nasal drops and eye drops of ofloxacin,ciprofloxac in,norfloxacin and lomefloxacin were consumed a large amount during these three years CONCLUSION:FQN is a kind of commonly-used antimicrobial in southwest d istrict of China And the consumption of some newly-developed FQNs such as levo floxacin and sparfloxacin has increased fast year by year

Objective To investigate any correlation between cognition and auditory event-related potential (ERP) after traumatic brain injury (TBI),and to explore the diagnostic value of the P300 ERP for TBI patients.Methods Thirty TBI patients and 28 healthy subjects were recruited.Their P300 auditory event-related potentials were measured and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was administered.Results The TBI patients' total MoCA scores and their scores on most of the sub-item components were significantly lower than those of the control subjects,though their naming and speech showed no significant difference.The TBI patients had abnormal P300 responses.Their N1,P2,N2 and P3 latencies were significantly longer and their P2 and P3 amplitudes were significantly lower than those of the control group.Stepwise regression and multivariate analysis showed that the P300 latency was significantly associated with delayed memory,impaired visual spatial executive functioning and total MoCA score.Conclusion P300 can be used as a quantitative electrophysiological index for detecting cognitive impairment in patients with TBI.

Objective To observe the changes of cognition and auditory event-related potential P300 on vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCIND) patients before and after cognitive rehabilitation training,then further to explore the application value of P300 in early diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). MethodsA total of 57 patients with VCIND were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( n =30) and the control group ( n =27),and 30 healthy volunteers without cognitive deficits were recruited as normal group.Each patient was examined with auditory-P300 and scored with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale.The measurement indicators were analyzed and evaluated with the factors of education,age and so on. ResultsThe P300 latency in VCIND group was longer,and the amplitude lower than those in normal group before treatment (P＜0.05 ),the latency lengthening was more significant than the lowering of the amplitude ( P＜0.01 ).The cognitive assessment scale scores of MMSE,MoCA and ADL (Barther index,BI) in VCIND group were lower than those in normal group (P＜0.05),while no significant difference was revealed between the VCIND and normal groups with regard to naming and speech( P ＞ 0.05 ).A highly positive correlation between age and P300 latency as well as a significantly negative correlation between years of education and P300 latency were demonstrated( P＜0.05 ).After cognitive rehabilitation therapy the P300 latency in VCIND group was shortened,the amplitude increased (P＜0.05 ),scores of the items of cognitive scale raised(P＜0.05 ) and the change of each indicator was more statistically significant in treatment group(P＜0.05). ConclusionP300 could objectively reflect early cognitive dysfunction in VCIND patients.Early cognitive training could effectively promote cognitive function of VCI patients.

Objective To investigate the metabolites of serum samples from liver cirrhotic patients with or without minimal hepatic encephalopathy,and even overt hepatic encephalopathy,then to find out diagnostic markers for minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Methods High performance liquid chromatography-orbit trap mass spectrometry (UPLC/LTQ-Orbit trap MS) technology was applied to analyze the serum metabolites from 38 patients of liver cirrhosiswith hepatitis B and 33 healthy volunteers.Results The serum metabolites of patients with simple liver cirrhosis were different from those of patients with minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy.The serum metabolites of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy was mostly similar with those of overt hepatic encephalopathy patients.Arginase,L-tyrosine,glutamic acid,two L-phenylalanine peptide,homovanillic acid,omithine,L-serine were increased in patients with minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy,and hypoxanthine decreased in patients with minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy patients.Conclusions The serum metabolites of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy are mostly similar to those of patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy.Arginase,L-tyrosine,glutamic acid,two L-phenylalanine peptide,homovanillic acid,ornithine,L-serine maybe the early metabolites biomarkers to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Hypoxanthine is likely to be an effective complement to treat patients with hepatic encephalopathy.