Childhood obesity has become a critical issue in public health area. We searched Wanfang Data and PubMed databases for published studies on health hazards of childhood obesity in China during 2000-2015. From the evidence of the Chinese population studies, we know childhood obesity brings not only cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory system health hazards, but also other health hazards to liver, moving skeleton, psychological behavior and cognition intelligence, et al. Only to understand the health hazards of childhood obesity, and put the key preventable period of chronic diseases forward to childhood, can pandemic of chronic diseases be controlled from the sources.
China ; Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; physiopathology

From the status quo of medical and health services in rural areas,there exist the following problems:the insufficient number of clinicians,low quality of clinicians,the imbalance of the professional ranks and titles,and aging.Based on investigation and analysis of the rural community health technicians of Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province,the author put forward the new countermeasures of orientation training clinicians in rural communities according to the rural communities residents new demand for medical and health services.

Objective: To describe characteristics of cardiometabolic risk factors of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 7 cities in China from 2013 to 2015. Methods: Data was from the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study. 12 590 children and adolescents were selected from 24 schools (3 kindergartens, 7 primary schools, 7 junior high schools and 7 senior high schools) in seven cities (Changchun, Yinchuan, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Chongqing and Tianjin) during 2013-2015 by using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The demographic characteristics, e.g. birth date, feed status and history of disease, were collected by questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements, i.e. weight, height, waistline, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, were also collected. The detection rate of metabolic syndrome was calculated respectively according to "international diabetes federation standard " and "definition and prevention of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents " . Results: The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was 12.0%(1 497/12 491), 18.2%(2 193/12 035), 24.4%(3 028/12 422) and 15.8%(1 977/12 490), respectively. The prevalence of these four cardiometabolic risk factors in males was significantly higher than that in females (all P values<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.3%(272/8 328) with international diabetes federation 2007 definition and 5.4% (453/8 325) with Chinese definition among children above 10 years old. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoproteincholesterol and dyslipidemia increased with the change of obesity type from non-obesity to complex obesity (all P values<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was still high in children and adolescents, which has become an important factor threatening the healthy growth of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of astragalus membranaceus injection on sperm abnormality in Cd-induced rats.

METHODSThirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: low concentration abstragalus membranaceus group(A1), high concentration astragalus membranaceus group(A2), cyclophosphamide group (CP), cadmium chloride group (Cd) and control group (C). Astragalus membranaceus injections 5 g/(kg.d) or 10 g/(kg.d) were given intraperitoneally to the rats of the A1, A2, CP and Cd groups. After 7 days, cadmium chloride(0.2 mg Cd/kg body weight) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection stimultaneously to the A1, A2 and Cd group rats. At 22 d after cadmium chloride induction, the rats were sacrificed and the testis coefficient, testicular sperm count, daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count and percentage of sperm abnorality were observed, and the testes and epididymides were studied pathologically.

RESULTSTestis coefficient, testicular sperm count, daily sperm production and epididymal sperm count in the A2 group [(5.68 +/- 1.19), (49.01 +/- 8.78) x 10(6)/g, (10.25 +/- 2.30) x 10(6)/(g.d), (47.51 +/- 22.51) x 10(6)/ml] increased significantly compared with those of the Cd group [(3.11 +/- 0.16), (37.59 +/- 10.63) x 10(6)/g, (5.31 +/- 0.32) x 10(6)/(g.d), (10.89 +/- 2.45) x 10(6)/ml] (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The percentage of sperm abnormality in the A2 group [(7.04 +/- 0.12)%] decreased significantly compared with that of the Cd group [(17.81 +/- 1.55)%] (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAs an antimutagen astragalus membranaceus has practical value in occupational protection against Cd-induced genetic damage.

Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Injections ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese children and adolescents to provide scientific basis for early prevention of MS in the related populations.Methods Studies on CNKI,Wanfangdata,VIP and PubMed databases on related prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents between 2004-2014 were searched.Quality of literatures was evaluated according to the cross-sectional study standard in Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.Stata 12.0 software was used to estimate the prevalence of MS,as well as on gender,weight and other factors to make subgroup analysis.According to funnel plot and Egger assess publication bias,sensitivity analysis performed by excluding the impact of any article was generated by the combined effect of the value of literature.Results This study included 19 papers from the literature (5 in English,14 in Chinese).According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF),National Cholesterol Education Program Ⅲ (NCEP Ⅲ) and The definition and prevention recommends of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents (CHN2012),the prevalence rates of MS in Chinese children were seen as 1.8％,2.6％ and 2.0％.According to IDF,the prevalence rates of MS appeared 2.9％ in boys and 1.8％ in girls,0.2％ in children with normal weight,4.7％ in overweight and 17.3％ in obesity.Both the results from NCEP Ⅲ and CHN2012 showed that the prevalence rates of MS as boys＞girls,obesity＞overweight＞normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of MS in Chinese children and adolescents showed a general trend.Data under different standards showed different prevalence rates.Obesity appeared an important risk factor of MS,suggesting that in order to control obesity in children,attention should be paid to identifying and carrying out effective interventions on children under overweight or obesity.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on human sperm motility in vitro. Methods:Sperms were aseptically obtained by masturbation and prepared by swim-up technique to produce a spermatozoasolution of high motility from 18 healthy fertile men.The spermatozoa vitro.Motive parameters were measured by CASA.Measurements were carried out at 0,2 and 4 hours in all specimens included VAP,VSL,VCL,STR,LINand progressive motility. Results:The results showed that Neisseriagonorrhoeae can not significantly affect human spermatozoa motility.The sperm agglutinations were not observed. Conclusions:It is suggested that the Neisseria gonorrhoeae can not directly affect human sperm motility incubated in vitro for 4 hours. Natl J Androl,2001,7(2):94～96

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of combining ISS-Ⅲ and high risk cytogenetic abnormalities [HRCAs, including 1q gain/amplification and del (17p) ] in patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) . Methods: The clinical characteristics and relevant variables were retrospectively analyzed in a total of 270 NDMM patients diagnosed between November 2009 and May 2018. ISS-Ⅲ stage and HRCAs [detected by FISH, including 1q gain/amplification and del (17p) ] were defined as risk factors (hit) . Based to the number of hit per case, these patients were divided into four groups carrying 0 to 3 risk factors, respectively. Progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were then analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: Patients who carried single hit (n=120, 44.4%) had shorter median PFS (23.0 vs 28.9 months; P>0.05) and OS (42.3 vs 53.7 months; P>0.05) than those with no risk factors (n=66, 24.4%) . Of note, the outcome of patients who had two or more risk factors (double/triple, n=84, 31.1%) was much worse than those with either no or one risk factor, indicated by significantly reduced median PFS (14.5 months; HR=1.584, 95%CI 1.082-2.319; P=0.003 for double/triple vs single hit) and OS (18.4 months, HR=2.299, 95%CI 1.485-3.560; P<0.001 for double/triple vs single hit) . Strikingly, patients who had three risk factor (triple hit, n=5, 1.9%) displayed the poorest survival with extraordinarily shorter PFS (0.9-15.1 months) and OS (0.9-18.9 months) compared to those carrying two risk factors (double hit) . Analogous results were obtained when different combinations of ISS stages and HRCAs were analyzed. Conclusion These results suggest a potential but rather important role of combining multiple (e.g. double or triple) adverse factors determined via the routine ISS staging and FISH detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in risk stratification and prognostic prediction, which might be helpful to identify high risk patients more precisely at diagnosis. It also raised a possibility that a small group of ISS-Ⅲ patients carrying both 1q gain/amplification and del (17p) might represent an "extremely-high risk" subset of MM.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of high risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA) and various combinations of cytogenetic abnormality in patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) . Methods: This retrospective study collected 182 NDMM patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between Nov. 2009 and May 2018. HRCA included 1q+, del (17p) , t (4;14) , and t (14;16) detected by FISH, and non-HRCA included del (13q) , t (11;14) detected by FISH. The clinical characteristics among three groups, including cases who carrying a single HRCA, 1 HRCA in combination with non-HRCA and cases carrying two or more HRCAs (double/triple-hit) were observed. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the three groups. Results: The survivals of patients with 1 HRCA in combination with non-HRCA were similar to those with two or more HRCAs (double/triple-hit) , the median PFS (mPFS) was 19.1 m vs 12.1 m (P=0.248) and median OS (mOS) was 29.6 m vs 29.3 m (P=0.774) . Furthermore, the prognosis of these two groups were both inferior to patients with a single HRCA, respectively. (mPFS: 32.2 m, P=0.040, P=0.001; mOS: 42.3 m, P=0.021, P=0.041) . Strikingly, both the mPFS and the mOS of patients with 1 HRCA in combination with non-HRCA (regardless of high risk or not) were significantly shorter than that of cases with a single HRCA (mPFS: 15.1 m vs 32.2 m, HR=2.126, 95%CI 1.176-3.843, P=0.005; mOS: 29.3 m vs 42.3 m, HR=1.442, 95%CI 0.705-2.950, P=0.011) . Conclusion It is of prognostic significance value for detecting double/triple-hit based on FISH cytogenetics in NDMM.

Objective:To investigate the gastrointestinal characteristics of children with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ⅰ.Methods:From June to December 2020, clinical data of children aged 0-18 years with GSD type Ⅰ diagnosed by genetic testing from all provinces and cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Anhui and Heilongjiang, were collected.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used for data analysis.Results:A total of 52 questionnaires were obtained, and 43 eligible patients aged 1-18 years were recruited, involving 30 males (69.8%) and 13 females (30.2%). Among them, 9 patients were GSD type Ⅰa and 34 patients were type Ⅰb.Seven patients (16.3%) had siblings who were also diagnosed as GSD type Ⅰb.The gastrointestinal manifestations included recurrent diarrhea in 26 patients (60.5%), perianal lesions (erythema, ulcer, abscess) in 25 patients (58.1%), abdominal pain/distension in 24 patients (55.8%), nausea/vomiting in 22 patients (51.1%), mucus/bloody stool in 14 patients (32.6%). Thirty-three patients (76.7%) had recurrent stomatitis and oral ulcer, and 38 patients (88.0%) had at least two gastrointestinal symptoms.White blood cell (WBC) count was <4.0×10 9/L in 24 patients (55.8%), and absolute neutrophils count was <1.5×10 9/L in 19 patients (44.2%), which was <0.5×10 9/L in 10 patients (23.3%). WBC count and absolute neutrophils count both decreased in children with GSD type Ⅰb.Platelets were >300×10 9/L in 30 patients (69.8%). Eighteen patients with GSD type Ⅰb underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy, and 16 patients were diagnosed with GSD-related inflammatory bowel disease.Thirty-nine patients (90.7%) were fed with raw corn starch, 3 patients (6.9%) with maltodextrin and 19 patients (44.2%) with special enteral formula.Twenty patients with type Ⅰb GSD needed repeated antibiotic treatment due to neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction.Fifteen patients were treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Among them, 11 patients were diagnosed as GSD-related bowel disease. Conclusions:Children with GSD type Ⅰ commonly have gastrointestinal symptoms, especially those with GSD type Ⅰb.The incidence of GSD-related inflammatory bowel disease is high in those children.G-CSF treatment cannot prevent the development of GSD-associated inflammatory bowel disease and its pathogenesis needs further research.Diet therapy is the first-line treatment of GSD type Ⅰ.Multidisciplinary management is helpful to reduce the complications and improve the quality of life in children with GSD type Ⅰ.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 1q21 amplification (1q) on the therapeutic response and prognosis of bortezomib(Btz) in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: A total of 180 newly diagnosed MM were included for analyses of clinical characteristics, cytogenetics, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), retrospectively. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was analyzed using publicly available R2 platform. Results: ① In 180 patients, 1q was found in 51.1% cases. Of them, 174 patients had complete follow-up data, including 88 cases with 1q and 86 without 1q (non-1q). ②Incidence of 1q was positively associated with percentage of IGH rearrangement (72.2%, P=0.017) and 1p deletion (1p) (27.8%, P=0.040). ③ The median PFS was 15.0 and 20.3 months for the 1q group and non-1q group, and the median OS was 29.4 and 44.0 months, respectively. Both PFS and OS of 1q group was significantly shorter than those of the non-1q group (P=0.029 and 0.038, respectively). Multivariate analysis further revealed that 1q was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (HR=1.910, 95% CI 1.105-3.303, P=0.020) and OS (HR=2.353, 95% CI 1.090-5.078, P=0.029). ④ In 91 evaluable cases with 1q, very good partial remission (VGPR) rate was higher after treatment with Btz than those without Btz (62.1% vs 40.0%, P=0.032). Of note, the patients with 1q who received auto-HSCT after induction with Btz had significantly longer PFS than those without auto-HSCT (19 months vs 13 months, P=0.048). ⑤GEP analysis revealed that 1q21 amplification predominantly up-regulated expression of >50% genes within 1q21 region, and also altered expression of 28% genes in chromosome 1 and 10% genes in whole genome, particularly related to DNA repair and cell cycle. Conclusions 1q is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed MM. It is often associated with 1p deletion and IGH rearrangement. Patients with 1q respond well to Btz-based regimen, but they fail to gain long-term benefit from this treatment itself. However, auto-HSCT following Btz induction might improve survival of patients with 1q, suggesting a potential strategy to treat this high-risk subset of MM. GEP analysis warrants further attention in understanding the mechanisms underlying the high-risk of 1q.