Objective To study the histologic characteristics of the capsule of breast implant. Methods Four miniprostheses were seperatelly implanted in four positions beneath the panniculus carnosus muscle in 30 rabbits. After 3 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months, capsular histology examination and the assay of capsular collagen content and type were performed. Results ⑴ Capsule was divided into two layers: the inner layer was dense and the outer loose connective tissues. Collagen component was more, cellular component was less and capsule was thicker (P0.05). ⑵ Capsular collagen content increased gradually in 3 months (P0.05). ⑶Collagen fibers were the most component, reticular fibers were second and elastic fibers were least. After 3 months, elastic fibers decreased, and collagen and reticular fibers became full layer gradually. ⑷ Capsular collagen type I in the capsule was gradually increased and type III decreased before 3 months. There were no significant changes after 3 months. Conclusions Histology of the implant capsule is similar to that of scar and the result of wound healing around implant.

ObjectiveTo observe if augmentation mammaplasty with m in iprostheses can induce the length of incision and incidence of the capsular cont racture and silicone leakage in order to optimize the mammaplasty for micromasti a. Methods The study proposed a new augmentation mammaplasty w ith miniprostheses, which were a series of 10 ml siliconegel prostheses(minipros theses). The surgery was similar to the conventional augmentation mammaplasty. T he every miniprosthesis was inserted one by one beneath the pectoral muscle unti l the desired volume was achieved and defined very objectively during the surger y. The incision used was never more than 3 cm, and located in any of the sites a lready described in the literature. ResultsThe authors had per formed 5 cases of small breast. Follow-up duration ranged from 3 months to 6 y ears. The results were satisfictary. ConclusionsThere are some advantages of augmentation mammaplasty with miniprostheses, such as smaller inc isions, intraoperative assessment of the ideal size of the breast, low incidence of capsular contracture, facility in the handling of the technique, safety conc erning perforation of the implant and use for augmentation mammaplasty, and tot al and especially partial breast reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in community residents in Xicheng District of Beijing. Methods A total of 834 permanent residents were se-lected for the survey. The values of height, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum uric acid (UA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipopro-tein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were recorded. Subjects were divided into HUA and non-HUA groups. Based on four components of MS, subjects were divided into (1) MS0 group (no any component of MS), (2) MS1 group (one component of MS), (3) MS2 group (two components of MS), (4) MS3 (three components of MS) and (5) MS4 group (four components of MS). The relation-ship of HUA and components of MS was analyzed. Results The total prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.0%in 834 sub-jects. The prevalence of hyperuricemia were significantly higher in male subjects than those of female subjects[21.8%(83/381) vs 3.8%(17/453),χ2=63.765,P<0.01]. Values of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC and TG were significantly higher in HUA group than those of non-HUA group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in levels of HDL-C and FPG between two groups. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in HUA group than those of non-HUA group (P<0.01). The prevalence of HUA gradually increased with the accumulation of MS components (χ2=46.347, P<0.01). Conclusion Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome are closely related. We should pay more attention to monitor the serum uric acid levels.

Objective To make cephalometric analysis on the morphology of mandibular angle and its relationship with adjoining craniomaxillofacial structures in adults, and to discuss the application of the results in preoperative analysis and operation design. Methods Cephalometric analysis was made on the following parameters in 30 adults (15 men and 15 women) for frontal and lateral cephalometric radiograms: the distance between the mandibular angles (Go Go) and between the malar points (Zy Zy), and the mandible mental angels (Zy Go Me) on an anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph; the gonial angle (Ar Go Me), mandibular plane sella nasion angle (MP SN) and ramus plane sella nasion angle (RP SN). Results Go Go in male was (130?6) mm, female (116?6) mm; Zy Zy in male was (156?5) mm, female (146?5) mm; Zy Go Me in male was (117?5)?, female (119?5)?; Ar Go Me in male was (117?5)?, female (119?5)?; MP SN in male was (27?5)?, female (29?5)?; RP SN in male was (94?5)?, female (93?5)?. Conclusion The morphology of mandibular angle should be envisioned in three directions. The results of evaluation can be served as the reference of preoperative analysis and surgery design.

Objective: Identification of the genes specially expressed in tumor cell but not in normal cell is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of carcinogencsis. This study will focus on identification of differentially expressed gene fragments in human stomach cancer. Methods: By using the new developing mRNA differential display (DD) technique, genes fragments differentially expressed in stomach cancer tissues from a patient and the adjacent normal tissues beyond the tumor mass were studied. Results: Two differentially displayed complementary DNA fragments from stomach cancer tissues, scgl and scg2 (stomach cancer-associated gene, scg), cofirmed by Northern Blot, were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide length of scgl is 194 base pairs and that of scg2 is 343 base pairs. After searching against GenBank databases by BLASTN, neither scgl nor scg2 had significant homological gene sequences with the known genes. Conclusion: These results suggested scgl and scg2 might be complementary DNA fragments of novel genes expressed in stomach cancer tissues, but not in normal tissues and may play a role in the occurrence and development of stomach cancer. Further characterization of full-length of these two complementary DNA fragments will be continued.

Objective To observe the 3 years or more effects on optical correction,refraction,and orthokeratology with rigid gas permeable contact lens(RGPCL) wearing in patients with keratoconus.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 73 keratoconus patients(136 eyes) fitted with RGPCL.Methods Patients wearing RGPCL for 3 years or more in Peking University Optometry & Ophthalmology Center were observed.Correct visual acuity was determined before and at 1,2 and 3 years of lens wearing,and the refractive power,corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism and corneal morphological changes were measured with auto-refractomer/keratometer and keratoconus screening analysis system of computer-assisted corneal topography at the same time.The changes of base curve and RGPCL power were also compared.All patients were divided into mild keratoconus group(Group A),moderate and severe keratoconus group (Group B).Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity,refractive power,base curve of RGPCL,corneal topography parameters.Results The patients wore RGPCL for 49.3?15.3 months(36-76 months).At the initial visit,uncorrected visual acuity(UVA) was 3.76?0.45, corrected visual acuity with spectacles(SPVA) was 4.57?0.53,and with RGPCL(RGPVA) was 4.89?0.14.RGPVA was improved significantly (F=171.994,P=0.000).RGPVA at last visit(4.95?0.11) was better than that at initial visit(t=-6.733,P=0.000),which was more significant in group B than that in group A.The rate for RGPVA more than 0.8 at the initial,1 year,2 years and 3 years of lens wearing was 85.13%,86.76%,85.60%and 84.62%respectively.At the initial visit and last visit,the myopia diopters and the corneal astigmatism were 7.13?4.01D vs.6.23?3.42D(P=0.014) and 6.23?3.24D vs.4.42?2.34D(P=0.000) respectively.The RGPCL base curve and lens power were 7.38?0.50 mm vs.7.54?0.42 mm(P=0.000),and -6.22?3.59 D vs.-5.33?3.09 D(P=0.000) respectively. The changes of power and base curve of lens in group B were more significant than that in group A.The decrease of 9 corneal topography parameters between initial visit and last visit was significant statistically(all P

The effects of Artemether on immune responses were investigated in mice. After p.o. administration of Artemether 200 mg/kg?d-1 for 4-7 days, it was found that: ( 1 ) the percentage of phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophage was reduced, but the phagocytic index was not significantly affected; ( 2 ) the level of serum IgG was markedly lowered in the mice sensitized by cock red blood cell ( CRBC ); ( 3 ) the hemolysin-forming capacity of CRBC-sensitized mice was significantly enhanced; ( 4 ) the weight of thymus was markedly decreased in the mice sensitized with CRBC; ( 5 ) no significant effect in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation was found.

Objective: To understand the awareness of palliative care and its influencing factors in community residents in Hangzhou,so as to provide basis for the development of palliative care service. Methods: By convenient sampling method,the residents in the urban-rural junction of Xihu District were recruited. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their awareness of palliative care. The logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors. Results : A total of 519 questionnaires were recovered,with a response rate of 97.92%. There were 227 males and 292 females,accounting for 43.74% and 56.26%,respectively. There were 43,218 and 258 residents with more,basic and little understanding about palliative care, accounting for 8.29%,42.00% and 49.71%. The residents learned about palliative care mainly through television and radio,with 245 cases accounting for 47.21%;and they thought that the main reason for low awareness of palliative care was a lack of related knowledge,with 396 cases accounting for 76.30%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 50-59 years old（OR = 0.467,95% CI：0.285-0.767）,primary school education and below（OR = 2.248,95%CI：1.239-4.079）and experience of caring for dying patients（OR = 1.551,95% CI：1.094-2.199）were the influencing factors for the awareness of palliative care. Conclusion The residents in Hangzhou had relatively low awareness of palliative care,which were associated with age,education level and experience of caring for dying patients.

Objective To summarize the experience in nursing patients undergoing skin biopsy on head and face . Method One hundred and twenty patients with head facial dermatosis undergoing skin tissue biopsy were nursed from August 2012 to October 2013. Result All operation for biopsy were completed smoothly, with the cure rate at the first phase 100.0%, healing time 5~7 days, averaged (7.0 ± 3.0)d and no complications. Conclusion For those patients having undergone facial skin tissue biopsy, the nursing measures like psychological nursing, health education before operation, preoperative relief of mental disorder, postoperative wound nursing and health education, prevention of complications are critical for their recovery.

Objective To investigate the treatment of intractable bile duct stones. Methods Of the total 149 cases of biliary stones, some are multiple bile duct stones,large stones,stones obstructed in the duodenal ampulla or residuary stones after T-tube surgery, others are associated with small papilla or papilla with neighoring diverticulum. All the stones were extracted with several endoscopic methods, such as choledochoscopy during or after operation, mechanical lithotripsy after EST(endoscopic sphincterotomy), biliary mother-baby endoscopy, ENBD(endoscopic nasobiliary drainage) or biliary-duodenum internal drainage. Results In general, extrahepatic bile duct stones were effectively removed in 94. 6% cases. In 19 out of 20 cases, stones were completely removed with choledochoscopy during operation; In 35 out of 40 cases stones were fully extracted through T-tube endoscopy, and in 72 of 76 cases stones were thoroughly removed with mechanical lithotripsy after EST. Conclusion The intractable bile duct stones can be effectively managed with combined endoscopic therapy, which is attributed to the high success rate in removing biliary stones and should be popularized in this field.