Objective:To identify the problems and explore the possible approaches for improving the internationalization of technology transfer in hospitals of China.Methods:We make the attempt to summarize the concepts and characteristics of international technology transfer, discussed existing problems and dealing strategies of boosting the internationalization of technology innovation and transformation in hospitals in combination with daily practice.Results:Of the international technology transfer in clinical hospitals in China is at the early stage, there are also a lot of space for improvement, for instance, the training of professional personnel, well-developed innovation and application ecology and the comprehensive regulatory support system.Conclusions:Clinical hospitals should enhance the transformation of scientific and technological achievements at global level. It is important to empower the technology transfer team-building, enhance the infrastructure and professional service, as well as call for more support from the national level to strengthen related policy-making.

Objective:This paper aims to explore the public hospitals′ coordination mechanism in an effort to response to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the Peking University Third Hospital strategy, to provide reference for technology transfer management.Methods:This paper examines strategies and measures adopted at Peking University Third Hospital during the pandemic as case studies.Results:The integrated approach for innovation, including linking scientific results to technology for utilization, the protection of intellectual property, as well as sample preparation, presents an effective way to promote technology transfer and innovation in response to COVID-19.Conclusions:It is imperative to rethink and strengthen the technology transfer system during the COVID-19 emergency. Advanced better preparation could be developed in various ways by accelerating the application of research results, focusing on the construction of professional teams for transformation, and increasing the promotion of results through multiple channels.

Objective:To study the operation pattern and valuable experiences of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, to improve the performance of technology innovation and transfer in the health field in China.Methods:Analyzing the data of basic structure, operation model and historical achievements of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft by literature review. As well as conducting summary analysis along with the status quo of innovation and transformation in the health field.Results:Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft sets up a bridge between basic research and technological innovation. By undertaking contract research mainly from industrial enterprises and offering technological research and solutions, Fraunhofer integrates resources of basic research, applied research and production innovation, breaking the barriers among actors of innovation and forming a mature and effective model of innovation and transfer.Conclusions:Technological innovation in the health field should appropriately transition to applied research, be demand-oriented and application-oriented. Only by combining the needs of clinical service and industrial technology and building an ecological aggregate can we improve the efficiency of innovation and transfer in the health field.

Objective:The paper aims to explore the characteristics and paths of the technology transfer in medicine, according to the approach to technology innovation conducted at Peking University Third Hospital, providing further reference for related work.Methods:The methodology adopted for this study was the analysis of data of the technology transfer of Peking University Third Hospital during the past five years, details including the patent characteristics, discipline distribution, enterprises that purchased technologies and technology transfer process were analyzed.Results:The main results showed the need to understand that the innovation of clinical medicine is often market-friendly, utility model applications accounted for a large proportion of total number of patent applications, inventors play a prominent role in introducing a technology into the marketplace, enterprises with highly participant, and operational transformation team contributes substantially to the entire technology life cycle.Conclusions:It is important that hospitals make joined efforts in promoting discipline for growth through technology innovation, accelerating intellectual property work comprehensively, and establishing a professional team for transforming scientific discoveries into innovations.

Objective:To study the operation pattern and valuable experiences of the internationally renowned Proof-of-Concept Center(PoCC), and to improve the construction and management of PoCC in clinical medicine of our country.Methods:The data of basic structure, operation model, and performance in the health field of major PoCCs in the United States and Europe were compiled by literature review, policy combing, and official website search, and analyzed and summarized in combination with the basic national conditions and our practical experience.Results:The fundamental function of a PoCC consists of research and development support, science and technology evaluation, and communication services. The key points of building a PoCC include clear targets of service, widely opened resources, diversified operation patterns, and professional personnel.Conclusions:In China, PoCCs in the clinical medicine field could be built upon public hospitals with the full participation of physicians. Interdisciplinary cooperation, flexible mechanism, and versatile talents in technical management are also essential.

Purpose/Significance To conduct the real world research on the application and impact of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in medical institutions,and to assist in intelligent governance decision-making in the field of medicine and health.Method/Process Taking Peking University Third Hospital as the research scene,the AI medical social experiment is carried out through literature meta-analysis,knowledge graph construction and mixed methodology research.Result/Conclusion Scholars at home and abroad are cautious and optimistic about the application of AI technology in the field of health.The research,development and application of AI technology in domestic public hospitals are very active,but small-scale field studies suggest that AI technology may lead to problems such as misleading decision-making and weakening of human subjectivity while improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.In-telligent governance in the field of health,represented by AI technology,requires a long period and a wide range of sociological observa-tions.It is recommended to build a research base for medical AI technology R&D and supervision based on public hospitals,and continue to pay attention to issues such as human subjectivity,medical ethics and scientific and technological ethics in AI social governance.

0bjective To investigate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels or bronchi by 16-row muhislice computed tomography(MSCT)and analyze the related factors.Methods Fifty-four patients with peripheral lung cancer confirmed pathologically underwent contrast-erdaanced MSC TI Multiplanar reformation(MPR)and maximum intensity projection(MIP)in all patients were used to demonstrate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels,bronchi.The relationships were categorized five types:Type 1,erupted at the edge of nodule. Type 2,erupted at the center of nodule.Type 3,penetrated through the nodule.Type 4,contacting the nodule but stretched or encased.Type 5,contacting the nodule but smoothly compressed.The pathology type,stage,size,density and location of the peripheral lung cancer were recorded and the relationships with five types were evaluated by using Chi-square test and correlation analysis.Results (1)Tumor-bronchi relationship:type 1(33,61.1%)was more often seen in≥2.0 cm and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2(14,25.9%)was often seen in<2.0 am and part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(2)Tumor-PA relationship:Type 1 was more often seen in≥2.0 am and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2 was often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(3)Tumor-PV relationship:type 4 was the most common type(29,53.7%).Type 2(13,24.1%)was more often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions.(4)Tumor-bronchi relationship and tumor-PA relationship had a positive correlation(r=0.5265,P<0.01).Conclusions MSCT can demonstrate the relations between the peripheral lung cancer and bronchi.PA and PV.It is useful for the differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of the lung csncer.

Objective:To study the international situation of technology innovation and transfer, to improve the performance in the health field of China.Methods:Collect data and status quo of innovation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements in 10 World-class research universities and hospitals through literature review, and conduct summary analysis.Results:According to the study, the health field is the main arena of technology innovation and transfer in which the status of the main body of innovation of hospitals cannot be ignored, and the transformation ability of some hospitals is higher than universities.Technology innovation and transfer in the health field is characterized by multiple disciplines, long-term and high cost, and it is necessary to build a full ecological chain from research and development (R&D) to production and commercialization.Conclusions:The dominant position of the health field and hospitals in technology innovation and transfer needs to be emphasized.Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative economy building should be strengthened.

Objective:To analysis the construction of the world's top PhaseⅠclinical trial registration agencies, compare their size, composition, operation and funding, to provide further reference for the construction of clinical trial agency in China.Methods:Search for PhaseⅠclinical trial research agencies by region on clinicaltrials.gov. Collecting information about the agency’s management, staffing, implementation in Asia, America and Europe. Descriptive analysis was carried out to explore the type, proportion and operation among different regions, the organizational structure, operational management and effectiveness of each agency from different regions were compared.Results:The United States, Europe and East Asia are dense areas of PhaseⅠclinical research around the world. The types of agencies in the United States, Britain, France, Germany, South Korea, Japan, and Israel are mainly enterprises. Among other types of agencies, the organizational models are diversified. The agencies have different spatial distances from medical institutions, but possess relatively consistent scale and institutional operation. All the agencies have a stable source of funding.Conclusions:In order to strengthen the construction of clinical trial agencies in China, we should speed up the establishment of a close connection mechanism to promote deep cooperation in clinical trials. Control the construction scale and maintain stable input of the agency. Meanwhile, establish and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.

Objective: To evaluate the role of tuberculin skin test prified protein derivative (PPD) in defining the screening scope of close contacts of tuberculosis cases in disposal of tuberculosis outbreak in schools. Methods: In a senior middle school in August 2019, 1 553 students of the grade two were tested by PPD because of a school tuberculosis outbreak. PPD results were compared to grade one students without any association with this tuberculosis epidemic, who were also tested by PPD when beginning school. Potential association between PPD distribution characteristics and tuberculosis case distribution were analyzed. Results: Twenty nine grade two students were diagnozed as tuberculosis infection, seven of which were PPD positive, and with the same MIRU-VNTR genotype. In grade one, 0.1 % (1/796) student showed strong PPD positive, 34.3% (273/796) student showed positive. For grade two students, significant higher rate of strong PPD positive [5.9% (45/757)], and PPD positive [52.0% (394/757)] were observed ( χ 2=45.71, 49.90, P <0.01). Proportion of strong PPD positive in the first floor of the teaching building ( 19.4 %), where tuberculosis cases clustered, was significantly higher than that in other floors ( χ 2=89.81, P <0.01); Number of strong PPD positive students increased with TB cases in each floor of the teaching building ( r =0.99, P <0.01). Proportion of strong PPD positive and PPD positive in floors of the dormitory, where TB cases lived, was significantly higher than in other floors ( χ 2=49.4, 64.9 , P <0.01). Number of strong PPD positive and PPD positive students increased with TB cases in each floor of the teaching building ( r =0.84, 0.56, P <0.01). Conclusion Strong PPD positive rate well reflects tuberculosis infection of close contacts, and is recommended for defining the scope of screening.